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1. What is the primary goal of quality improvement (QI) in healthcare?
(A) To enhance patient care and outcomes
(B) To increase the number of patients
(C) To reduce healthcare costs
(D) To maintain current practices

2. What is a benchmark in quality improvement?
(A) A new treatment protocol
(B) A medication guideline
(C) An individual patient outcome
(D) A standard used for comparison

3. What does PDSA stand for in quality improvement?
(A) Plan-Detect-Sustain-Adapt
(B) Prepare-Develop-Standardize-Analyze
(C) Predict-Design-Solve-Apply
(D) Plan-Do-Study-Act

4. What is root cause analysis (RCA)?
(A) A staff appraisal method
(B) A method to identify fundamental causes of problems
(C) A financial audit technique
(D) A patient satisfaction tool

5. What is the purpose of a fishbone diagram?
(A) To monitor patient vitals
(B) To measure hospital revenue
(C) To assess staff performance
(D) To analyze causes of a problem

6. What is clinical audit?
(A) Review of clinical practices against standards
(B) Financial inspection of hospitals
(C) Patient satisfaction assessment
(D) Staff attendance evaluation

7. Continuous quality improvement (CQI) focuses on:
(A) One-time changes
(B) Reducing patient numbers
(C) Increasing paperwork
(D) Ongoing improvement of processes

8. Six Sigma primarily aims to:
(A) Increase staffing
(B) Improve documentation
(C) Enhance patient admission
(D) Reduce defects using data

9. Patient-centered care means:
(A) Standardized treatment for all
(B) Administrative efficiency
(C) Provider-centered decision making
(D) Care focused on patient preferences

10. A quality indicator is:
(A) A financial statement
(B) A staff evaluation report
(C) A hospital policy
(D) A measurable element of care quality

11. Standardization in QI refers to:
(A) Increasing patient visits
(B) Reducing hospital stay
(C) Uniform procedures across organization
(D) Enhancing audits

12. Evidence-based practice means:
(A) Using best available evidence
(B) Ignoring research
(C) Using intuition
(D) Following tradition

13. A quality improvement project is:
(A) A financial investment
(B) A structured improvement effort
(C) A staff evaluation
(D) A marketing plan

14. Data analysis in QI involves:
(A) Managing patient files
(B) Reviewing payroll
(C) Advertising services
(D) Interpreting data for improvement

15. Error reporting helps to:
(A) Prevent future errors
(B) Hide mistakes
(C) Punish staff
(D) Reduce patient load

16. Patient safety focuses on:
(A) Cost reduction
(B) Protecting patients from harm
(C) Increasing discharge speed
(D) Limiting training

17. Lean healthcare emphasizes:
(A) Waste reduction
(B) Patient satisfaction surveys
(C) Financial audits
(D) Increasing beds

18. Benchmarking is used to:
(A) Increase admissions
(B) Create new drugs
(C) Compare performance to best practices
(D) Measure profits

19. Outcome measurement evaluates:
(A) Staff attendance
(B) Equipment usage
(C) Treatment effectiveness
(D) Administrative speed

20. A quality improvement plan is:
(A) Emergency protocol
(B) Scheduling system
(C) Strategic improvement document
(D) Financial ledger

21. Patient satisfaction measures:
(A) Number of visits
(B) Length of stay
(C) Contentment with care
(D) Staff workload

22. Clinical practice guidelines provide:
(A) Insurance rules
(B) Staffing plans
(C) Evidence-based care recommendations
(D) Financial controls

23. Process improvement aims to:
(A) Increase volume
(B) Increase paperwork
(C) Reduce staff
(D) Improve efficiency and effectiveness

24. Change management refers to:
(A) Ignoring new systems
(B) Staff discipline
(C) Managing transitions effectively
(D) Financial planning

25. Total Quality Management (TQM) focuses on:
(A) Finance only
(B) Patient discharge
(C) Organization-wide quality improvement
(D) Equipment maintenance

26. Risk management aims to:
(A) Increase throughput
(B) Identify and reduce risks
(C) Improve marketing
(D) Control costs only

27. A process map is used to:
(A) Track revenue
(B) Manage inventory
(C) Evaluate staff
(D) Visualize process steps

28. Quality metrics are used to:
(A) Promote services
(B) Measure care performance
(C) Schedule staff
(D) Control inventory

29. Patient experience includes:
(A) Overall care interactions
(B) Clinical outcome only
(C) Billing process
(D) Admission count

30. Accreditation ensures that:
(A) Costs are reduced
(B) Standards of quality are met
(C) Staffing increases
(D) Profits grow

31. A quality improvement team consists of:
(A) Financial auditors
(B) Multidisciplinary professionals
(C) Patients only
(D) Administrators only

32. Data-driven decision-making relies on:
(A) Opinion
(B) Experience alone
(C) Evidence and data
(D) Guesswork

33. Patient-centered approach involves:
(A) Uniform care
(B) Cost control
(C) Administrative focus
(D) Individualized care

34. Performance measurement evaluates:
(A) Staff morale
(B) Service effectiveness
(C) Marketing success
(D) Inventory usage

35. Error prevention focuses on:
(A) System improvement
(B) Blame
(C) Punishment
(D) Documentation only

36. Quality culture emphasizes:
(A) Speed
(B) Profit only
(C) Safety and improvement
(D) Volume

37. Outcome indicators measure:
(A) Inputs
(B) Staff hours
(C) Results of care
(D) Costs

38. A control chart is used to:
(A) Track variation
(B) Monitor finance
(C) Assess staff
(D) Plan staffing

39. Patient safety culture reflects:
(A) Building design
(B) Bed capacity
(C) Shared safety values
(D) Staff count

40. Quality improvement tools help to:
(A) Manage finance
(B) Increase workload
(C) Identify and solve problems
(D) Replace staff

41. RCA focuses on:
(A) Symptoms
(B) Underlying causes
(C) Patient numbers
(D) Time management

42. CQI differs from QA because it is:
(A) Reactive
(B) Punitive
(C) Ongoing
(D) Short-term

43. A run chart shows:
(A) Financial loss
(B) Staff shifts
(C) Trends over time
(D) Inventory usage

44. Quality assurance focuses on:
(A) Meeting standards
(B) Innovation
(C) Marketing
(D) Cost cutting

45. Patient outcome measurement evaluates:
(A) Cost only
(B) Staff behavior
(C) Hospital size
(D) Care effectiveness

46. A performance improvement plan aims to:
(A) Control staff
(B) Reduce admissions
(C) Improve efficiency
(D) Increase billing

47. Healthcare quality refers to:
(A) Number of beds
(B) Hospital revenue
(C) Meeting patient needs effectively
(D) Staff strength

48. A QI initiative is:
(A) Staff evaluation
(B) Financial investment
(C) Targeted improvement effort
(D) Advertising campaign

49. Patient care coordination ensures:
(A) Reduced staffing
(B) Faster billing
(C) Seamless care across services
(D) Fewer appointments

50. Quality improvement methodology is:
(A) Systematic improvement approach
(B) Budget strategy
(C) Staffing plan
(D) Marketing method

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