Pediatric Illnesses and Treatment MCQs Nursing

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1. What is the most common cause of croup in children?
a) Bacterial infection
b) Viral infection
c) Allergic reaction
d) Fungal infection
Answer: b) Viral infection

2. Which of the following is a hallmark symptom of asthma in children?
a) Rash
b) High fever
c) Wheezing
d) Diarrhea
Answer: c) Wheezing

3. At what age is the first dose of the MMR vaccine typically given?
a) 2 months
b) 6 months
c) 12-15 months
d) 18 months
Answer: c) 12-15 months

4. What is the primary treatment for acute otitis media (ear infection) in children?
a) Antiviral medication
b) Antibiotics
c) Antifungal medication
d) Corticosteroids
Answer: b) Antibiotics

5. What is the most common type of diabetes in children?
a) Type 1 diabetes
b) Type 2 diabetes
c) Gestational diabetes
d) Latent autoimmune diabetes
Answer: a) Type 1 diabetes

6. Which condition is characterized by a “strawberry tongue” and a high fever in children?
a) Scarlet fever
b) Kawasaki disease
c) Hand-foot-mouth disease
d) Measles
Answer: b) Kawasaki disease

7. What is the primary cause of bronchiolitis in infants?
a) Bacterial infection
b) Viral infection
c) Allergic reaction
d) Environmental irritants
Answer: b) Viral infection

8. Which condition presents with a sudden, severe, colicky abdominal pain and “currant jelly” stools?
a) Appendicitis
b) Intussusception
c) Gastroenteritis
d) Hernia
Answer: b) Intussusception

9. The “slapped cheek” rash is a classic symptom of which pediatric illness?
a) Chickenpox
b) Fifth disease
c) Roseola
d) Rubeola
Answer: b) Fifth disease

10. What is the recommended treatment for pediatric patients with mild to moderate dehydration due to gastroenteritis?
a) Intravenous fluids
b) Oral rehydration solution
c) Antibiotics
d) Antiviral medication
Answer: b) Oral rehydration solution

11. What is the most common type of childhood cancer?
a) Leukemia
b) Brain tumor
c) Neuroblastoma
d) Wilms tumor
Answer: a) Leukemia

12. At what age should children receive the first dose of the varicella (chickenpox) vaccine?
a) 2 months
b) 6 months
c) 12-15 months
d) 18 months
Answer: c) 12-15 months

13. Which condition is characterized by a chronic, nonproductive cough and recurring wheezing in children?
a) Asthma
b) Bronchitis
c) Pneumonia
d) Sinusitis
Answer: a) Asthma

14. What is the primary treatment for a child with impetigo?
a) Oral antibiotics
b) Topical antibiotics
c) Antifungal medication
d) Antiviral medication
Answer: b) Topical antibiotics

15. Which of the following is a common complication of untreated streptococcal pharyngitis?
a) Rheumatic fever
b) Croup
c) Bronchitis
d) Otitis media
Answer: a) Rheumatic fever

16. At what age is the first dose of the Hepatitis B vaccine typically given?
a) Birth
b) 2 months
c) 6 months
d) 12 months
Answer: a) Birth

17. Which condition presents with a “barking” cough and stridor in children?
a) Croup
b) Bronchiolitis
c) Asthma
d) Pneumonia
Answer: a) Croup

18. What is the recommended initial treatment for a child with suspected appendicitis?
a) Immediate surgery
b) Intravenous antibiotics
c) Oral antibiotics
d) Anti-inflammatory medications
Answer: b) Intravenous antibiotics

19. What is a common sign of dehydration in infants and young children?
a) Increased appetite
b) Moist mucous membranes
c) Decreased urine output
d) Increased activity level
Answer: c) Decreased urine output

20. At what age is the first dose of the Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b) vaccine typically administered?
a) 2 months
b) 4 months
c) 6 months
d) 12 months
Answer: a) 2 months

21. What is the primary treatment for a child with whooping cough (pertussis)?
a) Antiviral medication
b) Antibiotics
c) Antifungal medication
d) Corticosteroids
Answer: b) Antibiotics

22. What is the main symptom of rotavirus infection in children?
a) Rash
b) Diarrhea
c) Joint pain
d) Jaundice
Answer: b) Diarrhea

23. What is the first-line treatment for a child with anaphylaxis?
a) Intravenous fluids
b) Epinephrine
c) Antihistamines
d) Corticosteroids
Answer: b) Epinephrine

24. What is the primary treatment for otitis externa (swimmer’s ear)?
a) Oral antibiotics
b) Topical antibiotics
c) Antifungal medication
d) Antiviral medication
Answer: b) Topical antibiotics

25. Which condition is characterized by the sudden onset of a high fever followed by a rash in children?
a) Roseola
b) Measles
c) Chickenpox
d) Fifth disease
Answer: a) Roseola

26. What is the recommended initial treatment for a child with a suspected concussion?
a) Immediate return to activity
b) Rest and observation
c) Pain medication
d) Antiviral medication
Answer: b) Rest and observation

27. At what age is the first dose of the PCV (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) given?
a) Birth
b) 2 months
c) 6 months
d) 12 months
Answer: b) 2 months

28. What is the primary symptom of hand-foot-mouth disease?
a) High fever
b) Rash on palms and soles
c) Sore throat
d) Joint pain
Answer: b) Rash on palms and soles

29. Which condition is characterized by a sudden, severe abdominal pain and vomiting in a child, with possible signs of a “sausage-shaped” mass on palpation?
a) Appendicitis
b) Intussusception
c) Gastroenteritis
d) Hernia
Answer: b) Intussusception

30. What is the primary treatment for a child with impetigo?
a) Oral antibiotics
b) Topical antibiotics
c) Antifungal medication
d) Antiviral medication
Answer: b) Topical antibiotics

31. At what age do children typically begin to get their first molars?
a) 6 months
b) 12 months
c) 18 months
d) 24 months
Answer: d) 24 months

32. What is the primary cause of RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) infection in infants?
a) Bacterial infection
b) Viral infection
c) Fungal infection
d) Parasitic infection
Answer: b) Viral infection

33. What is the treatment for a child with suspected RSV bronchiolitis?
a) Antiviral medication
b) Supportive care
c) Antibiotics
d) Corticosteroids
Answer: b) Supportive care

34. Which condition is associated with a chronic cough and a history of wheezing in children?
a) Asthma
b) Croup
c) Bronchitis
d) Pneumonia
Answer: a) Asthma

35. What is the most effective way to prevent the spread of infectious diseases in children?
a) Vaccination
b) Antibiotics
c) Antiviral medications
d) Isolation
Answer: a) Vaccination

36. At what age should a child have their first dental check-up?
a) 6 months
b) 12 months
c) 18 months
d) 24 months
Answer: b) 12 months

37. Which of the following conditions is associated with a red rash on the cheeks and a lacy rash on the body?
a) Fifth disease
b) Roseola
c) Chickenpox
d) Measles
Answer: a) Fifth disease

38. What is the recommended initial treatment for a child with mild to moderate asthma symptoms?
a) Oral corticosteroids
b) Long-acting beta agonists
c) Short-acting beta agonists
d) Antihistamines
Answer: c) Short-acting beta agonists

39. What is the main symptom of a fracture in a child?
a) Fever
b) Swelling and tenderness
c) Rash
d) Cough
Answer: b) Swelling and tenderness

40. At what age is the first dose of the influenza vaccine recommended?
a) 6 months
b) 12 months
c) 18 months
d) 24 months
Answer: a) 6 months

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