1. What is the most common cause of croup in children? a) Bacterial infection b) Viral infection c) Allergic reaction d) Fungal infection Answer: b) Viral infection 2. Which of the following is a hallmark symptom of asthma in children? a) Rash b) High fever c) Wheezing d) Diarrhea Answer: c) Wheezing 3. At what age is the first dose of the MMR vaccine typically given? a) 2 months b) 6 months c) 12-15 months d) 18 months Answer: c) 12-15 months 4. What is the primary treatment for acute otitis media (ear infection) in children? a) Antiviral medication b) Antibiotics c) Antifungal medication d) Corticosteroids Answer: b) Antibiotics 5. What is the most common type of diabetes in children? a) Type 1 diabetes b) Type 2 diabetes c) Gestational diabetes d) Latent autoimmune diabetes Answer: a) Type 1 diabetes 6. Which condition is characterized by a “strawberry tongue” and a high fever in children? a) Scarlet fever b) Kawasaki disease c) Hand-foot-mouth disease d) Measles Answer: b) Kawasaki disease 7. What is the primary cause of bronchiolitis in infants? a) Bacterial infection b) Viral infection c) Allergic reaction d) Environmental irritants Answer: b) Viral infection 8. Which condition presents with a sudden, severe, colicky abdominal pain and “currant jelly” stools? a) Appendicitis b) Intussusception c) Gastroenteritis d) Hernia Answer: b) Intussusception 9. The “slapped cheek” rash is a classic symptom of which pediatric illness? a) Chickenpox b) Fifth disease c) Roseola d) Rubeola Answer: b) Fifth disease 10. What is the recommended treatment for pediatric patients with mild to moderate dehydration due to gastroenteritis? a) Intravenous fluids b) Oral rehydration solution c) Antibiotics d) Antiviral medication Answer: b) Oral rehydration solution 11. What is the most common type of childhood cancer? a) Leukemia b) Brain tumor c) Neuroblastoma d) Wilms tumor Answer: a) Leukemia 12. At what age should children receive the first dose of the varicella (chickenpox) vaccine? a) 2 months b) 6 months c) 12-15 months d) 18 months Answer: c) 12-15 months 13. Which condition is characterized by a chronic, nonproductive cough and recurring wheezing in children? a) Asthma b) Bronchitis c) Pneumonia d) Sinusitis Answer: a) Asthma 14. What is the primary treatment for a child with impetigo? a) Oral antibiotics b) Topical antibiotics c) Antifungal medication d) Antiviral medication Answer: b) Topical antibiotics 15. Which of the following is a common complication of untreated streptococcal pharyngitis? a) Rheumatic fever b) Croup c) Bronchitis d) Otitis media Answer: a) Rheumatic fever 16. At what age is the first dose of the Hepatitis B vaccine typically given? a) Birth b) 2 months c) 6 months d) 12 months Answer: a) Birth 17. Which condition presents with a “barking” cough and stridor in children? a) Croup b) Bronchiolitis c) Asthma d) Pneumonia Answer: a) Croup 18. What is the recommended initial treatment for a child with suspected appendicitis? a) Immediate surgery b) Intravenous antibiotics c) Oral antibiotics d) Anti-inflammatory medications Answer: b) Intravenous antibiotics 19. What is a common sign of dehydration in infants and young children? a) Increased appetite b) Moist mucous membranes c) Decreased urine output d) Increased activity level Answer: c) Decreased urine output 20. At what age is the first dose of the Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b) vaccine typically administered? a) 2 months b) 4 months c) 6 months d) 12 months Answer: a) 2 months 21. What is the primary treatment for a child with whooping cough (pertussis)? a) Antiviral medication b) Antibiotics c) Antifungal medication d) Corticosteroids Answer: b) Antibiotics 22. What is the main symptom of rotavirus infection in children? a) Rash b) Diarrhea c) Joint pain d) Jaundice Answer: b) Diarrhea 23. What is the first-line treatment for a child with anaphylaxis? a) Intravenous fluids b) Epinephrine c) Antihistamines d) Corticosteroids Answer: b) Epinephrine 24. What is the primary treatment for otitis externa (swimmer’s ear)? a) Oral antibiotics b) Topical antibiotics c) Antifungal medication d) Antiviral medication Answer: b) Topical antibiotics 25. Which condition is characterized by the sudden onset of a high fever followed by a rash in children? a) Roseola b) Measles c) Chickenpox d) Fifth disease Answer: a) Roseola 26. What is the recommended initial treatment for a child with a suspected concussion? a) Immediate return to activity b) Rest and observation c) Pain medication d) Antiviral medication Answer: b) Rest and observation 27. At what age is the first dose of the PCV (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) given? a) Birth b) 2 months c) 6 months d) 12 months Answer: b) 2 months 28. What is the primary symptom of hand-foot-mouth disease? a) High fever b) Rash on palms and soles c) Sore throat d) Joint pain Answer: b) Rash on palms and soles 29. Which condition is characterized by a sudden, severe abdominal pain and vomiting in a child, with possible signs of a “sausage-shaped” mass on palpation? a) Appendicitis b) Intussusception c) Gastroenteritis d) Hernia Answer: b) Intussusception 30. What is the primary treatment for a child with impetigo? a) Oral antibiotics b) Topical antibiotics c) Antifungal medication d) Antiviral medication Answer: b) Topical antibiotics 31. At what age do children typically begin to get their first molars? a) 6 months b) 12 months c) 18 months d) 24 months Answer: d) 24 months 32. What is the primary cause of RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) infection in infants? a) Bacterial infection b) Viral infection c) Fungal infection d) Parasitic infection Answer: b) Viral infection 33. What is the treatment for a child with suspected RSV bronchiolitis? a) Antiviral medication b) Supportive care c) Antibiotics d) Corticosteroids Answer: b) Supportive care 34. Which condition is associated with a chronic cough and a history of wheezing in children? a) Asthma b) Croup c) Bronchitis d) Pneumonia Answer: a) Asthma 35. What is the most effective way to prevent the spread of infectious diseases in children? a) Vaccination b) Antibiotics c) Antiviral medications d) Isolation Answer: a) Vaccination 36. At what age should a child have their first dental check-up? a) 6 months b) 12 months c) 18 months d) 24 months Answer: b) 12 months 37. Which of the following conditions is associated with a red rash on the cheeks and a lacy rash on the body? a) Fifth disease b) Roseola c) Chickenpox d) Measles Answer: a) Fifth disease 38. What is the recommended initial treatment for a child with mild to moderate asthma symptoms? a) Oral corticosteroids b) Long-acting beta agonists c) Short-acting beta agonists d) Antihistamines Answer: c) Short-acting beta agonists 39. What is the main symptom of a fracture in a child? a) Fever b) Swelling and tenderness c) Rash d) Cough Answer: b) Swelling and tenderness 40. At what age is the first dose of the influenza vaccine recommended? a) 6 months b) 12 months c) 18 months d) 24 months Answer: a) 6 months

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