1. The primary goal of patient-centered care is to: a) Follow hospital protocols strictly b) Focus on the patient’s needs, preferences, and values c) Reduce healthcare costs d) Minimize the use of medical equipment Answer: b) Focus on the patient’s needs, preferences, and values 2. The best practice for preventing healthcare-associated infections is: a) Frequent handwashing and use of hand sanitizer b) Using antibiotics for all patients c) Limiting patient interactions d) Regularly changing patient bedsheets Answer: a) Frequent handwashing and use of hand sanitizer 3. Which of the following is a common sign of a urinary tract infection (UTI) in an adult patient? a) Severe abdominal pain b) Frequent urination and dysuria c) Persistent cough d) Elevated blood pressure Answer: b) Frequent urination and dysuria 4. When performing a physical assessment, which of the following is the most appropriate initial step? a) Auscultation b) Inspection c) Palpation d) Percussion Answer: b) Inspection 5. In assessing a patient’s pain level, which scale is commonly used for adults? a) The Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale b) The Numeric Rating Scale (0-10) c) The Glasgow Coma Scale d) The Braden Scale Answer: b) The Numeric Rating Scale (0-10) 6. The purpose of the Braden Scale is to: a) Assess pain levels in patients b) Evaluate the risk of pressure ulcers c) Measure blood glucose levels d) Determine fluid balance Answer: b) Evaluate the risk of pressure ulcers 7. The most appropriate way to assess a patient’s peripheral pulse is: a) By palpating the radial pulse b) By auscultating the heart sounds c) By measuring blood pressure d) By observing respiratory rate Answer: a) By palpating the radial pulse 8. The primary purpose of patient education is to: a) Ensure compliance with medication schedules b) Improve patient outcomes and self-management c) Increase hospital revenue d) Minimize the need for follow-up visits Answer: b) Improve patient outcomes and self-management 9. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) should be advised to: a) Avoid physical activity b) Engage in regular deep breathing exercises c) Increase intake of caffeinated beverages d) Use supplemental oxygen only during sleep Answer: b) Engage in regular deep breathing exercises 10. When preparing a patient for a surgical procedure, the nurse should: a) Obtain a detailed medical history from the patient b) Immediately start the preoperative medications c) Perform a preoperative assessment d) Disregard patient preferences for surgery time Answer: c) Perform a preoperative assessment 11. The most important intervention for a patient experiencing a myocardial infarction (MI) is: a) Administering pain relief b) Providing supplemental oxygen c) Monitoring vital signs d) Performing immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) Answer: b) Providing supplemental oxygen 12. The primary nursing intervention for a patient with diabetes mellitus is to: a) Monitor blood glucose levels regularly b) Encourage high sugar intake c) Restrict fluid intake d) Limit physical activity Answer: a) Monitor blood glucose levels regularly 13. Which assessment finding is most indicative of a potential heart failure exacerbation? a) Decreased appetite b) Shortness of breath and edema c) Frequent headaches d) Elevated blood sugar levels Answer: b) Shortness of breath and edema 14. In managing a patient with hypertension, the nurse should prioritize: a) Monitoring blood pressure regularly b) Providing education on healthy diet and exercise c) Scheduling frequent follow-up visits d) Administering diuretics only if symptoms worsen Answer: a) Monitoring blood pressure regularly 15. When administering oral medications, it is essential to: a) Ensure the patient is sitting upright b) Crush all medications for easier swallowing c) Provide medication in a non-standard dose d) Administer medications at any time Answer: a) Ensure the patient is sitting upright 16. For a patient with a nasogastric tube, the nurse should: a) Flush the tube with water before and after feeding b) Restrict oral intake completely c) Administer medications through the tube without checking placement d) Remove the tube after each feeding Answer: a) Flush the tube with water before and after feeding 17. The most common symptom of a pulmonary embolism is: a) Severe abdominal pain b) Sudden shortness of breath c) Persistent cough d) Headache Answer: b) Sudden shortness of breath 18. When caring for a patient with a wound, the nurse should: a) Use sterile techniques for dressing changes b) Apply pressure to the wound to stop bleeding c) Avoid documenting wound changes d) Disregard signs of infection Answer: a) Use sterile techniques for dressing changes 19. To effectively manage a patient’s fluid balance, the nurse should: a) Monitor daily weight and fluid intake/output b) Limit all fluids regardless of patient condition c) Provide intravenous fluids without monitoring d) Administer diuretics indiscriminately Answer: a) Monitor daily weight and fluid intake/output 20. The purpose of using an incentive spirometer is to: a) Monitor blood oxygen levels b) Promote lung expansion and prevent atelectasis c) Measure blood pressure d) Assess heart rhythm Answer: b) Promote lung expansion and prevent atelectasis 21. The most appropriate position for a patient with a suspected spinal cord injury is: a) Prone position b) Supine position with neck immobilized c) High Fowler’s position d) Left lateral position Answer: b) Supine position with neck immobilized 22. In managing a patient with a central venous catheter, the nurse should: a) Change the catheter dressing using sterile techniques b) Avoid flushing the catheter c) Use the catheter for blood draws only d) Leave the catheter in place indefinitely Answer: a) Change the catheter dressing using sterile techniques 23. Which of the following is a key symptom of dehydration in an adult patient? a) Edema b) Hypotension and dry mucous membranes c) Jaundice d) Frequent urination Answer: b) Hypotension and dry mucous membranes 24. In the care of a patient with cancer, the nurse should focus on: a) Providing pain relief and palliative care b) Only administering chemotherapy c) Ignoring patient’s emotional needs d) Restricting all forms of physical activity Answer: a) Providing pain relief and palliative care 25. The most appropriate way to assess a patient’s level of consciousness is by using the: a) Glasgow Coma Scale b) Braden Scale c) Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale d) Barthel Index Answer: a) Glasgow Coma Scale 26. To reduce the risk of falls in an elderly patient, the nurse should: a) Keep the patient’s environment clutter-free b) Restrict patient mobility c) Remove all assistive devices d) Provide a high-sugar diet Answer: a) Keep the patient’s environment clutter-free 27. When caring for a patient with a chest tube, the nurse should: a) Ensure the drainage system is below the level of the chest b) Frequently clamp the chest tube to check for air leaks c) Remove the tube if drainage decreases d) Change the drainage system without sterile technique Answer: a) Ensure the drainage system is below the level of the chest 28. The purpose of a patient’s advance directive is to: a) Ensure all medical bills are paid b) Outline the patient’s preferences for medical treatment in case they are unable to communicate c) Specify the patient’s preferred medication d) Guarantee patient privacy Answer: b) Outline the patient’s preferences for medical treatment in case they are unable to communicate 29. The most appropriate nursing action for a patient experiencing difficulty breathing is: a) Administer supplemental oxygen as prescribed b) Restrict fluid intake c) Increase physical activity immediately d) Avoid checking vital signs Answer: a) Administer supplemental oxygen as prescribed 30. In managing a patient with hypertension, the nurse should: a) Educate the patient about the importance of medication adherence and lifestyle changes b) Only focus on reducing blood pressure during hospital stays c) Avoid monitoring blood pressure regularly d) Recommend alternative therapies without consulting a physician Answer: a) Educate the patient about the importance of medication adherence and lifestyle changes 31. When performing a wound assessment, the nurse should: a) Note the wound’s size, appearance, and any signs of infection b) Cleanse the wound with non-sterile solutions c) Delay dressing changes until the wound is infected d) Ignore changes in wound appearance Answer: a) Note the wound’s size, appearance, and any signs of infection 32. The primary goal of pain management in patients is to: a) Achieve complete pain relief in all cases b) Minimize the patient’s perception of pain and improve quality of life c) Use only non-pharmacological methods d) Avoid using any pain relief medications Answer: b) Minimize the patient’s perception of pain and improve quality of life

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