1. What is the basic structural and functional unit of the human body?
a) Tissue
b) Organ
c) Cell
d) System
Answer: c) Cell
2. The process by which cells divide to form two identical daughter cells is called:
a) Meiosis
b) Mitosis
c) Apoptosis
d) Osmosis
Answer: b) Mitosis
3. Which type of tissue is responsible for contracting and generating force?
a) Epithelial tissue
b) Connective tissue
c) Muscle tissue
d) Nervous tissue
Answer: c) Muscle tissue
4. The primary function of red blood cells is to:
a) Fight infections
b) Transport oxygen
c) Carry hormones
d) Clot blood
Answer: b) Transport oxygen
5. The largest organ in the human body is:
a) Liver
b) Brain
c) Skin
d) Heart
Answer: c) Skin
6. Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating vital functions such as heart rate and breathing?
a) Cerebellum
b) Medulla oblongata
c) Cerebrum
d) Thalamus
Answer: b) Medulla oblongata
7. The bones in the human body are connected to muscles by:
a) Ligaments
b) Cartilage
c) Tendons
d) Fascia
Answer: c) Tendons
8. Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood away from the heart?
a) Veins
b) Arteries
c) Capillaries
d) Lymphatic vessels
Answer: b) Arteries
9. The axial skeleton includes all of the following EXCEPT:
a) Skull
b) Ribs
c) Vertebral column
d) Pelvis
Answer: d) Pelvis
10. The primary function of the kidneys is to:
a) Produce hormones
b) Filter waste from the blood
c) Store bile
d) Digest food
Answer: b) Filter waste from the blood
11. Which of the following is the main site of nutrient absorption in the digestive system?
a) Stomach
b) Large intestine
c) Small intestine
d) Esophagus
Answer: c) Small intestine
12. The hormone insulin is produced by which organ?
a) Liver
b) Pancreas
c) Adrenal gland
d) Thyroid gland
Answer: b) Pancreas
13. Which layer of the skin contains sweat glands and hair follicles?
a) Epidermis
b) Dermis
c) Subcutaneous tissue
d) Hypodermis
Answer: b) Dermis
14. The part of the neuron that transmits impulses away from the cell body is called:
a) Dendrite
b) Axon
c) Synapse
d) Myelin sheath
Answer: b) Axon
15. The organ responsible for detoxifying chemicals and metabolizing drugs is the:
a) Heart
b) Stomach
c) Liver
d) Kidney
Answer: c) Liver
16. Which of the following bones is NOT part of the appendicular skeleton?
a) Femur
b) Humerus
c) Scapula
d) Sternum
Answer: d) Sternum
17. The primary function of the alveoli in the lungs is to:
a) Produce mucus
b) Filter air
c) Exchange gases
d) Support lung structure
Answer: c) Exchange gases
18. The muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity is the:
a) Diaphragm
b) Intercostal muscle
c) Rectus abdominis
d) External oblique
Answer: a) Diaphragm
19. The smallest bones in the human body are found in the:
a) Hands
b) Feet
c) Ears
d) Spine
Answer: c) Ears
20. Which type of joint allows for the greatest range of motion?
a) Hinge joint
b) Ball-and-socket joint
c) Pivot joint
d) Saddle joint
Answer: b) Ball-and-socket joint
21. The primary function of platelets in the blood is to:
a) Transport oxygen
b) Fight infections
c) Clot blood
d) Carry nutrients
Answer: c) Clot blood
22. Which of the following structures is part of the central nervous system (CNS)?
a) Spinal cord
b) Peripheral nerves
c) Sensory receptors
d) Autonomic ganglia
Answer: a) Spinal cord
23. The part of the brain responsible for coordinating voluntary movements and balance is the:
a) Medulla oblongata
b) Cerebellum
c) Hypothalamus
d) Thalamus
Answer: b) Cerebellum
24. Which of the following is the primary function of the large intestine?
a) Digestion of carbohydrates
b) Absorption of water and electrolytes
c) Production of bile
d) Breakdown of fats
Answer: b) Absorption of water and electrolytes
25. The hormone responsible for regulating the menstrual cycle is:
a) Testosterone
b) Estrogen
c) Cortisol
d) Insulin
Answer: b) Estrogen
26. Which of the following cells are responsible for bone resorption?
a) Osteoblasts
b) Osteoclasts
c) Chondrocytes
d) Fibroblasts
Answer: b) Osteoclasts
27. The tricuspid valve is located between the:
a) Left atrium and left ventricle
b) Right atrium and right ventricle
c) Right ventricle and pulmonary artery
d) Left ventricle and aorta
Answer: b) Right atrium and right ventricle
28. Which of the following is the main function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
a) Transport of carbon dioxide
b) Regulation of blood pressure
c) Transport of oxygen
d) Immune response
Answer: c) Transport of oxygen
29. The optic nerve is responsible for transmitting visual information from the:
a) Nose to the brain
b) Ears to the brain
c) Eyes to the brain
d) Tongue to the brain
Answer: c) Eyes to the brain
30. The epiglottis serves to:
a) Aid in swallowing
b) Protect the airway during swallowing
c) Produce sound
d) Support the trachea
Answer: b) Protect the airway during swallowing
31. The hormone aldosterone is primarily responsible for regulating:
a) Blood glucose levels
b) Metabolic rate
c) Sodium and potassium balance
d) Calcium levels
Answer: c) Sodium and potassium balance
32. The structure that connects muscle to bone is called:
a) Ligament
b) Cartilage
c) Tendon
d) Fascia
Answer: c) Tendon
33. The renal corpuscle, found in the nephron, is composed of the:
a) Loop of Henle and distal tubule
b) Glomerulus and Bowmanâs capsule
c) Proximal tubule and collecting duct
d) Ureter and urethra
Answer: b) Glomerulus and Bowmanâs capsule
34. The type of muscle tissue that is involuntary and found in the walls of internal organs is:
a) Skeletal muscle
b) Cardiac muscle
c) Smooth muscle
d) Striated muscle
Answer: c) Smooth muscle
35. The main function of the lymphatic system is to:
a) Produce red blood cells
b) Maintain fluid balance and protect against infection
c) Transport oxygen to tissues
d) Aid in digestion
Answer: b) Maintain fluid balance and protect against infection
36. Which of the following structures is NOT part of the respiratory system?
a) Trachea
b) Bronchi
c) Alveoli
d) Esophagus
Answer: d) Esophagus
37. The layer of the heart responsible for its contraction is the:
a) Endocardium
b) Myocardium
c) Pericardium
d) Epicardium
Answer: b) Myocardium
38. Which of the following is the primary function of the spleen?
a) Filter and store blood
b) Produce insulin
c) Secrete bile
d) Regulate electrolytes
Answer: a) Filter and store blood
39. The auditory ossicles are located in the:
a) Inner ear
b) Outer ear
c) Middle ear
d) Cochlea
Answer: c) Middle ear
40. The main function of bile is to:
a) Neutralize stomach acid
b) Emulsify fats for digestion
c) Break down proteins
d) Absorb carbohydrates
Answer: b) Emulsify fats for digestion
41. The hormone responsible for lowering blood glucose levels is:
a) Glucagon
b) Insulin
c) Cortisol
d) Epinephrine
Answer: b) Insulin
42. The main function of the pituitary gland is to:
a) Regulate blood pressure
b) Control metabolic rate
c) Secrete hormones that regulate other glands
d) Produce digestive enzymes
Answer: c) Secrete hormones that regulate other glands
43. The area of the brain responsible for language comprehension is:
a) Brocaâs area
b) Wernickeâs area
c) Hippocampus
d) Amygdala
Answer: b) Wernickeâs area
44. The main function of the thyroid gland is to:
a) Regulate metabolism
b) Control calcium levels
c) Produce adrenaline
d) Filter blood
Answer: a) Regulate metabolism
45. The part of the neuron that receives incoming signals is called:
a) Dendrite
b) Axon
c) Synapse
d) Myelin sheath
Answer: a) Dendrite
46. Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?
a) Detoxification
b) Protein synthesis
c) Bile production
d) Insulin production
Answer: d) Insulin production
47. The structure that prevents food from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing is the:
a) Epiglottis
b) Uvula
c) Soft palate
d) Hard palate
Answer: b) Uvula
48. Which type of connective tissue stores fat?
a) Adipose tissue
b) Cartilage
c) Bone
d) Blood
Answer: a) Adipose tissue
49. The main function of the cerebrum is:
a) Regulate balance and coordination
b) Control voluntary movements and cognitive functions
c) Relay sensory information
d) Regulate autonomic functions
Answer: b) Control voluntary movements and cognitive functions
50. The hormone that triggers ovulation is:
a) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
b) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
c) Prolactin
d) Estrogen
Answer: b) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
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