1. The main function of hemoglobin in red blood cells is to:
a) Fight infections
b) Transport oxygen
c) Clot blood
d) Regulate blood pressure
Answer: b) Transport oxygen

2. Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?
a) Glucagon
b) Insulin
c) Cortisol
d) Adrenaline
Answer: b) Insulin

3. The process by which food is broken down into smaller components to be absorbed into the bloodstream is called:
a) Ingestion
b) Digestion
c) Absorption
d) Excretion
Answer: b) Digestion

4. The primary function of the nephron in the kidneys is to:
a) Produce red blood cells
b) Filter waste from the blood
c) Store bile
d) Regulate body temperature
Answer: b) Filter waste from the blood

5. The sinoatrial (SA) node is known as the:
a) Heart’s natural pacemaker
b) Largest artery in the body
c) Main vein returning blood to the heart
d) Valve that prevents backflow
Answer: a) Heart’s natural pacemaker

6. Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating vital functions like heart rate and breathing?
a) Cerebrum
b) Cerebellum
c) Medulla oblongata
d) Thalamus
Answer: c) Medulla oblongata

7. Which of the following is a function of the liver?
a) Producing bile
b) Storing oxygen
c) Filtering urine
d) Regulating blood pressure
Answer: a) Producing bile

8. The hormone aldosterone plays a key role in regulating:
a) Blood calcium levels
b) Blood pressure
c) Sodium and potassium balance
d) Blood glucose levels
Answer: c) Sodium and potassium balance

9. What is the primary function of the large intestine?
a) Absorption of nutrients
b) Digestion of proteins
c) Absorption of water
d) Storage of bile
Answer: c) Absorption of water

10. The process of maintaining a stable internal environment in the body is known as:
a) Homeostasis
b) Metabolism
c) Anabolism
d) Catabolism
Answer: a) Homeostasis

11. The primary function of the platelets in the blood is to:
a) Transport oxygen
b) Fight infections
c) Clot blood
d) Regulate blood pressure
Answer: c) Clot blood

12. The main site of gas exchange in the lungs is the:
a) Trachea
b) Bronchi
c) Alveoli
d) Bronchioles
Answer: c) Alveoli

13. Which organ is primarily responsible for the detoxification of drugs and chemicals?
a) Kidneys
b) Liver
c) Pancreas
d) Spleen
Answer: b) Liver

14. The hormone responsible for stimulating the production of red blood cells is:
a) Erythropoietin
b) Insulin
c) Thyroxine
d) Glucagon
Answer: a) Erythropoietin

15. Which part of the nervous system controls voluntary muscle movements?
a) Autonomic nervous system
b) Central nervous system
c) Somatic nervous system
d) Sympathetic nervous system
Answer: c) Somatic nervous system

16. The hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle is:
a) Cortisol
b) Melatonin
c) Serotonin
d) Dopamine
Answer: b) Melatonin

17. Which of the following is a function of the pancreas?
a) Production of bile
b) Regulation of blood sugar
c) Filtration of blood
d) Production of red blood cells
Answer: b) Regulation of blood sugar

18. The process by which the body eliminates waste products from the bloodstream is called:
a) Filtration
b) Secretion
c) Excretion
d) Absorption
Answer: c) Excretion

19. Which of the following systems is responsible for producing and regulating hormones?
a) Nervous system
b) Endocrine system
c) Cardiovascular system
d) Respiratory system
Answer: b) Endocrine system

20. The main function of the lymphatic system is to:
a) Produce hormones
b) Regulate body temperature
c) Defend the body against infection
d) Transport oxygen
Answer: c) Defend the body against infection

21. The hormone that triggers ovulation in females is:
a) Estrogen
b) Progesterone
c) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
d) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Answer: c) Luteinizing hormone (LH)

22. The main function of the small intestine is to:
a) Absorb water
b) Store waste
c) Digest food and absorb nutrients
d) Produce digestive enzymes
Answer: c) Digest food and absorb nutrients

23. Which part of the brain is responsible for balance and coordination?
a) Cerebrum
b) Brainstem
c) Cerebellum
d) Hypothalamus
Answer: c) Cerebellum

24. The hormone that increases heart rate and blood pressure during stress is:
a) Insulin
b) Adrenaline
c) Glucagon
d) Cortisol
Answer: b) Adrenaline

25. Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?
a) Protection
b) Temperature regulation
c) Absorption of nutrients
d) Sensory perception
Answer: c) Absorption of nutrients

26. The hormone responsible for the regulation of metabolism is:
a) Insulin
b) Thyroxine
c) Estrogen
d) Adrenaline
Answer: b) Thyroxine

27. Which of the following blood vessels carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
a) Pulmonary artery
b) Pulmonary vein
c) Aorta
d) Vena cava
Answer: a) Pulmonary artery

28. The structure that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing is the:
a) Uvula
b) Epiglottis
c) Soft palate
d) Glottis
Answer: b) Epiglottis

29. The main function of the hypothalamus is to:
a) Regulate emotions
b) Control voluntary movements
c) Maintain homeostasis
d) Process sensory information
Answer: c) Maintain homeostasis

30. Which organ stores bile produced by the liver?
a) Pancreas
b) Stomach
c) Gallbladder
d) Small intestine
Answer: c) Gallbladder

31. The hormone responsible for increasing the reabsorption of water in the kidneys is:
a) Aldosterone
b) Insulin
c) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
d) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Answer: c) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

32. The primary function of the respiratory system is to:
a) Transport nutrients
b) Filter blood
c) Exchange gases
d) Produce red blood cells
Answer: c) Exchange gases

33. Which of the following is the functional unit of the kidney?
a) Nephron
b) Alveolus
c) Glomerulus
d) Loop of Henle
Answer: a) Nephron

34. The process by which white blood cells engulf and digest pathogens is called:
a) Phagocytosis
b) Pinocytosis
c) Exocytosis
d) Endocytosis
Answer: a) Phagocytosis

35. The hormone that stimulates the production of breast milk is:
a) Estrogen
b) Progesterone
c) Oxytocin
d) Prolactin
Answer: d) Prolactin

36. Which of the following is a primary function of the skeletal system?
a) Transporting oxygen
b) Producing red blood cells
c) Protecting internal organs
d) Regulating body temperature
Answer: c) Protecting internal organs

37. Which of the following hormones is secreted by the adrenal cortex?
a) Insulin
b) Cortisol
c) Adrenaline
d) Melatonin
Answer: b) Cortisol

38. The process of inhalation and exhalation is collectively known as:
a) Respiration
b) Ventilation
c) Circulation
d) Perfusion
Answer: b) Ventilation

39. The hormone responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood is:
a) Insulin
b) Glucagon
c) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
d) Thyroxine
Answer: c) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

40. The type of muscle found in the walls of internal organs is:
a) Skeletal muscle
b) Cardiac muscle
c) Smooth muscle
d) Voluntary muscle
Answer: c) Smooth muscle

41. Which part of the brain regulates hunger, thirst, and body temperature?
a) Hypothalamus
b) Cerebrum
c) Medulla oblongata
d) Cerebellum
Answer: a) Hypothalamus

42. The hormone that stimulates the breakdown of glycogen into glucose in the liver is:
a) Insulin
b) Glucagon
c) Cortisol
d) Adrenaline
Answer: b) Glucagon

43. Which of the following is NOT a function of the cardiovascular system?
a) Transporting oxygen and nutrients
b) Regulating body temperature
c) Removing waste products
d) Producing red blood cells
Answer: d) Producing red blood cells

44. The structure that connects muscles to bones is called:
a) Ligament
b) Tendon
c) Cartilage
d) Fascia
Answer: b) Tendon

45. Which of the following is a function of the digestive system?
a) Producing red blood cells
b) Regulating hormones
c) Breaking down food and absorbing nutrients
d) Transporting oxygen
Answer: c) Breaking down food and absorbing nutrients

46. The hormone responsible for regulating blood calcium levels by increasing calcium absorption from the intestines is:
a) Thyroxine
b) Calcitonin
c) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
d) Aldosterone
Answer: c) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

47. Which of the following is the largest artery in the human body?
a) Vena cava
b) Pulmonary artery
c) Aorta
d) Coronary artery
Answer: c) Aorta

48. The primary function of the red blood cells is to:
a) Fight infections
b) Clot blood
c) Transport oxygen
d) Regulate blood pressure
Answer: c) Transport oxygen

49. The process by which the body produces energy in the presence of oxygen is called:
a) Anaerobic respiration
b) Glycolysis
c) Aerobic respiration
d) Fermentation
Answer: c) Aerobic respiration

50. Which of the following is a function of the immune system?
a) Producing hormones
b) Transporting oxygen
c) Defending the body against pathogens
d) Absorbing nutrients
Answer: c) Defending the body against pathogens

Physiology of the Human Body MCQs Nursing

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