1. The primary function of the immune system is to:

a) Regulate body temperature
b) Protect the body from infections and diseases
c) Digest food
d) Produce hormones
Answer: b) Protect the body from infections and diseases

2. Which type of immunity is acquired through vaccination?

a) Passive immunity
b) Innate immunity
c) Active immunity
d) Natural immunity
Answer: c) Active immunity

3. The immune system’s first line of defense includes:

a) White blood cells
b) Skin and mucous membranes
c) Antibodies
d) T lymphocytes
Answer: b) Skin and mucous membranes

4. Antibodies are produced by which type of cells?

a) T cells
b) B cells
c) Macrophages
d) Neutrophils
Answer: b) B cells

5. The term “antigen” refers to:

a) A substance that triggers an immune response
b) A cell that produces antibodies
c) A type of white blood cell
d) An organ involved in immune response
Answer: a) A substance that triggers an immune response

6. What is the role of helper T cells in the immune response?

a) Destroy infected cells
b) Stimulate B cells to produce antibodies
c) Remove pathogens through phagocytosis
d) Produce antibodies
Answer: b) Stimulate B cells to produce antibodies

7. The immune response that involves memory cells is known as:

a) Innate immunity
b) Humoral immunity
c) Cell-mediated immunity
d) Adaptive immunity
Answer: d) Adaptive immunity

8. Which type of immunity is provided by maternal antibodies transferred through the placenta?

a) Active immunity
b) Passive immunity
c) Artificial immunity
d) Innate immunity
Answer: b) Passive immunity

9. Vaccines work by:

a) Destroying pathogens directly
b) Stimulating the immune system to produce an immune response
c) Providing immediate immunity without activation of the immune system
d) Eliminating pathogens from the body
Answer: b) Stimulating the immune system to produce an immune response

10. The term “autoimmune disease” refers to:

a) A disease caused by an external pathogen
b) A disease where the immune system attacks the body’s own cells
c) A disease prevented by vaccination
d) A disease treated by antibiotics
Answer: b) A disease where the immune system attacks the body’s own cells

11. Which of the following is an example of an autoimmune disease?

a) Influenza
b) Tuberculosis
c) Rheumatoid arthritis
d) Hepatitis B
Answer: c) Rheumatoid arthritis

12. The primary purpose of immunization programs is to:

a) Treat existing infections
b) Prevent the occurrence of diseases
c) Cure chronic diseases
d) Promote personal hygiene
Answer: b) Prevent the occurrence of diseases

13. The type of vaccine that contains weakened or inactivated pathogens is called:

a) Live attenuated vaccine
b) Inactivated vaccine
c) Subunit vaccine
d) Toxoid vaccine
Answer: a) Live attenuated vaccine

14. The process of “herd immunity” helps protect:

a) Individuals with chronic illnesses
b) Only vaccinated individuals
c) The entire population by reducing the spread of disease
d) People with weakened immune systems only
Answer: c) The entire population by reducing the spread of disease

15. Which of the following is a type of white blood cell involved in the immune response?

a) Erythrocyte
b) Platelet
c) Lymphocyte
d) Neuron
Answer: c) Lymphocyte

16. The “complement system” is involved in:

a) Antibody production
b) Phagocytosis
c) Enhancing the ability of antibodies and phagocytes to clear pathogens
d) Producing hormones
Answer: c) Enhancing the ability of antibodies and phagocytes to clear pathogens

17. The term “immunocompromised” refers to:

a) An individual with an overactive immune system
b) An individual with a weakened immune system
c) An individual with a strong immune system
d) An individual who has been recently vaccinated
Answer: b) An individual with a weakened immune system

18. The role of “macrophages” in the immune system is to:

a) Produce antibodies
b) Destroy infected cells
c) Engulf and digest pathogens
d) Produce hormones
Answer: c) Engulf and digest pathogens

19. Which type of immunity is provided by the body’s natural response to an infection?

a) Artificial immunity
b) Innate immunity
c) Passive immunity
d) Active immunity
Answer: d) Active immunity

20. “B cells” are responsible for:

a) Directly killing infected cells
b) Producing antibodies
c) Stimulating T cells
d) Engulfing pathogens
Answer: b) Producing antibodies

21. “T cells” are primarily involved in:

a) Producing antibodies
b) Directly attacking infected or cancerous cells
c) Engulfing pathogens
d) Producing hormones
Answer: b) Directly attacking infected or cancerous cells

22. The term “immunization” refers to:

a) The process of becoming immune to a disease
b) The treatment of existing infections
c) The procedure for diagnosing diseases
d) The process of creating a new vaccine
Answer: a) The process of becoming immune to a disease

23. Which type of vaccine contains only a part of the pathogen, such as a protein or polysaccharide?

a) Inactivated vaccine
b) Subunit vaccine
c) Toxoid vaccine
d) Live attenuated vaccine
Answer: b) Subunit vaccine

24. “Cytokines” are:

a) Types of white blood cells
b) Chemical messengers that help regulate the immune response
c) Pathogens that cause infections
d) Antibodies produced by B cells
Answer: b) Chemical messengers that help regulate the immune response

25. “Antigen-presenting cells” (APCs) are important for:

a) Directly killing pathogens
b) Producing antibodies
c) Presenting antigens to T cells to initiate an immune response
d) Producing cytokines
Answer: c) Presenting antigens to T cells to initiate an immune response

26. The term “immunity” refers to:

a) The ability of the body to resist disease
b) The presence of pathogens in the body
c) The process of healing wounds
d) The production of hormones
Answer: a) The ability of the body to resist disease

27. “Immunoglobulins” are another term for:

a) Antibodies
b) White blood cells
c) Pathogens
d) Antigens
Answer: a) Antibodies

28. Which of the following is a function of the spleen in the immune system?

a) Producing insulin
b) Filtering blood and removing pathogens
c) Producing hormones
d) Storing nutrients
Answer: b) Filtering blood and removing pathogens

29. The “blood-brain barrier” helps protect the brain from:

a) Bloodborne pathogens
b) Hormonal imbalances
c) Nutritional deficiencies
d) Temperature fluctuations
Answer: a) Bloodborne pathogens

30. “Toleration” in immunology refers to:

a) The immune system’s ability to recognize and attack foreign substances
b) The process by which the immune system avoids attacking the body’s own cells
c) The development of new immune cells
d) The ability of the body to tolerate extreme temperatures
Answer: b) The process by which the immune system avoids attacking the body’s own cells

31. The “lymphatic system” is important for:

a) Transporting oxygen to tissues
b) Removing waste products from the body
c) Filtering and transporting lymph and supporting the immune system
d) Regulating body temperature
Answer: c) Filtering and transporting lymph and supporting the immune system

32. “Active immunity” can be achieved through:

a) Receiving antibodies from another person
b) Receiving a vaccination
c) Using antiseptics
d) Receiving immune globulin injections
Answer: b) Receiving a vaccination

33. The “innate immune system” includes:

a) Specific immune responses to pathogens
b) General, non-specific defenses like skin and mucous membranes
c) Memory cells for long-term immunity
d) Production of antibodies by B cells
Answer: b) General, non-specific defenses like skin and mucous membranes

34. Which of the following is a characteristic of “adaptive immunity”?

a) Immediate and non-specific response
b) Long-term and specific response
c) No memory of previous infections
d) General defense mechanisms
Answer: b) Long-term and specific response

35. The “humoral immune response” involves:

a) The production of antibodies by B cells
b) The direct killing of infected cells by T cells
c) The activation of complement proteins
d) The production of cytokines
Answer: a) The production of antibodies by B cells

36. “Memory cells” are important for:

a) Recognizing and responding more effectively to pathogens previously encountered
b) Engulfing and digesting pathogens
c) Producing antibodies
d) Stimulating T cells
Answer: a) Recognizing and responding more effectively to pathogens previously encountered

37. “Cytotoxic T cells” are responsible for:

a) Producing antibodies
b) Engulfing pathogens
c) Directly attacking and killing infected or cancerous cells
d) Producing hormones
Answer: c) Directly attacking and killing infected or cancerous cells

38. “Monocytes” are a type of:

a) Red blood cell
b) White blood cell
c) Antibody
d) Platelet
Answer: b) White blood cell

39. The “major histocompatibility complex” (MHC) is essential for:

a) Blood clotting
b) Hormone regulation
c) Immune system functioning, particularly in antigen presentation
d) Oxygen transport
Answer: c) Immune system functioning, particularly in antigen presentation

Immunology and Disease Prevention MCQs Nursing

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