Personality Psychology MCQs

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1. Which theory of personality emphasizes the role of unconscious processes and childhood experiences?
(A) Trait theory
(B) Humanistic theory
(C) Psychodynamic theory
(D) Social-cognitive theory

2. According to Freud, which part of the personality operates on the pleasure principle?
(A) Ego
(B) Superego
(C) Id
(D) Self

3. What is the term for the defense mechanism where a person attributes their own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to others?
(A) Projection
(B) Denial
(C) Repression
(D) Rationalization

4. Which personality trait in the Five Factor Model (Big Five) is characterized by being outgoing and energetic?
(A) Openness
(B) Conscientiousness
(C) Extraversion
(D) Agreeableness

5. According to Carl Rogers, which term refers to the need for an individual to be valued and accepted by others?
(A) Self-actualization
(B) Unconditional positive regard
(C) Self-esteem
(D) Self-concept

6. Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality traits?
(A) Openness
(B) Neuroticism
(C) Agreeableness
(D) Emotional stability

7. What is the term for the personality trait characterized by the tendency to experience negative emotions such as anxiety and depression?
(A) Neuroticism
(B) Openness
(C) Conscientiousness
(D) Extraversion

8. In the context of personality psychology, what does the term “self-efficacy” refer to?
(A) The belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations
(B) The degree of self-awareness an individual has
(C) The ability to adapt to different social situations
(D) The level of self-esteem an individual has

9. Which of the following theories is associated with the concept of locus of control?
(A) Psychodynamic theory
(B) Social-cognitive theory
(C) Trait theory
(D) Humanistic theory

10. According to Erik Erikson, which stage of psychosocial development is characterized by the conflict of identity versus role confusion?
(A) Infancy
(B) Adolescence
(C) Early adulthood
(D) Middle adulthood

11. What does the term “self-concept” refer to in personality psychology?
(A) The overall perception and evaluation of oneself
(B) The unconscious desires and motives
(C) The specific traits that define personality
(D) The social roles an individual assumes

12. Which theory suggests that personality is shaped by interactions with the environment and the feedback received from others?
(A) Trait theory
(B) Humanistic theory
(C) Social-cognitive theory
(D) Psychodynamic theory

13. What is the primary focus of the humanistic approach to personality psychology?
(A) Unconscious conflicts
(B) Observable behavior
(C) Personal growth and self-actualization
(D) Social interactions

14. Which personality trait in the Five Factor Model (Big Five) is characterized by being organized and dependable?
(A) Agreeableness
(B) Openness
(C) Conscientiousness
(D) Neuroticism

15. According to Freud, which part of the personality acts as a mediator between the desires of the id and the constraints of the superego?
(A) Ego
(B) Id
(C) Superego
(D) Self

16. Which of the following best describes the concept of “self-actualization” according to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
(A) Achieving personal potential and growth
(B) Attaining basic physiological needs
(C) Gaining social acceptance and love
(D) Ensuring safety and security

17. What is the term for the trait characterized by being cooperative, warm, and trusting?
(A) Extraversion
(B) Neuroticism
(C) Agreeableness
(D) Openness

18. Which theory of personality emphasizes the role of inherited traits and genetic factors?
(A) Psychodynamic theory
(B) Trait theory
(C) Social-cognitive theory
(D) Humanistic theory

19. What is the concept of “personal control” in the context of personality psychology?
(A) The extent to which individuals believe they can control their environment
(B) The ability to influence others’ perceptions
(C) The level of self-discipline an individual has
(D) The management of personal emotions

20. Which term describes the process of comparing oneself to others to assess one’s own abilities and attitudes?
(A) Social comparison
(B) Self-serving bias
(C) Cognitive dissonance
(D) Self-perception

21. What does the term “narcissism” refer to in personality psychology?
(A) Excessive self-love and grandiosity
(B) A tendency to be shy and withdrawn
(C) High levels of empathy and concern for others
(D) The ability to adapt to new situations

22. Which personality theory focuses on the interactions between individuals and their social environments?
(A) Trait theory
(B) Humanistic theory
(C) Social-cognitive theory
(D) Psychodynamic theory

23. What is the term for a pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are stable over time and across situations?
(A) Personality trait
(B) Personality disorder
(C) Personality type
(D) Personality state

24. According to Erikson, what is the primary challenge faced during the stage of “intimacy vs. isolation”?
(A) Establishing close relationships and commitments
(B) Developing a sense of identity
(C) Gaining trust and security
(D) Achieving self-acceptance

25. Which concept refers to the tendency to interpret information in a way that confirms one’s preexisting beliefs or attitudes?
(A) Confirmation bias
(B) Self-fulfilling prophecy
(C) Cognitive dissonance
(D) Projection

26. What is the term for the psychological phenomenon where people are motivated to maintain a positive self-image?
(A) Self-enhancement
(B) Self-verification
(C) Self-determination
(D) Self-regulation

27. Which personality assessment tool is based on the concept of identifying patterns of thought and behavior?
(A) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
(B) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
(C) Rorschach Inkblot Test
(D) Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

28. In the context of personality psychology, what is meant by “self-esteem”?
(A) The overall evaluation of one's own worth
(B) The ability to self-regulate behavior
(C) The level of empathy and concern for others
(D) The degree of social influence one exerts

29. Which of the following is a characteristic of an individual with a high level of openness to experience?
(A) Preference for routine and familiarity
(B) Curiosity and willingness to try new things
(C) Conformity and adherence to social norms
(D) High level of self-discipline

30. What is the term for the process of adjusting one’s behavior to fit with the expectations of others?
(A) Social conformity
(B) Self-monitoring
(C) Social comparison
(D) Self-perception

31. According to Carl Rogers, which term describes the ideal self that a person strives to become?
(A) Actual self
(B) Ideal self
(C) False self
(D) Real self

32. What does “self-fulfilling prophecy” refer to in personality psychology?
(A) When a person's expectations about others lead them to behave in ways that cause the others to confirm those expectations
(B) When a person’s behavior is influenced by societal norms
(C) When individuals exhibit behavior that contradicts their self-image
(D) When people consistently pursue personal growth

33. Which personality trait is associated with being imaginative, curious, and open to new experiences?
(A) Agreeableness
(B) Conscientiousness
(C) Neuroticism
(D) Openness

34. What is the primary focus of behavioral theories of personality?
(A) Observable behaviors and their relationship to the environment
(B) Unconscious motivations and conflicts
(C) Cognitive processes and self-perception
(D) Personal growth and self-actualization

35. In the context of personality, what is “emotional intelligence”?
(A) The ability to recognize, understand, and manage one’s own emotions and the emotions of others
(B) The capacity to achieve high academic or professional success
(C) The degree of self-confidence and assertiveness
(D) The tendency to avoid stressful situations

36. What does the term “fundamental attribution error” refer to in social psychology?
(A) The tendency to overemphasize personal characteristics and ignore situational factors when judging others' behavior
(B) The inclination to attribute one’s own successes to internal factors and failures to external factors
(C) The process of perceiving and interpreting social cues
(D) The tendency to follow social norms and expectations

37. According to the Five Factor Model, which trait is associated with being anxious, moody, and prone to negative emotions?
(A) Neuroticism
(B) Conscientiousness
(C) Extraversion
(D) Agreeableness

38. Which theory of personality emphasizes the role of cognitive processes in understanding behavior and personality?
(A) Psychodynamic theory
(B) Social-cognitive theory
(C) Trait theory
(D) Humanistic theory

39. What is “self-regulation” in the context of personality psychology?
(A) The ability to control one’s own behavior, emotions, and thoughts in pursuit of long-term goals
(B) The process of adjusting one’s self-concept to match external expectations
(C) The tendency to seek feedback from others about one’s behavior
(D) The degree to which one adapts to new situations

40. What does the term “introversion” refer to in personality psychology?
(A) The tendency to focus on one’s inner thoughts and feelings rather than external stimuli
(B) The inclination to seek social interaction and stimulation
(C) The tendency to avoid new experiences and prefer routine
(D) The level of openness to different viewpoints and experiences

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