Ethics in Psychology MCQs

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1. What is the primary purpose of ethical guidelines in psychology? a) To ensure research funding b) To protect the welfare and rights of participants c) To promote competition among researchers d) To standardize psychological theories Answer: b) To protect the welfare and rights of participants 2. Which document outlines the ethical principles for psychologists? a) The APA Code of Ethics b) The DSM-5 c) The ICD-10 d) The Nuremberg Code Answer: a) The APA Code of Ethics 3. What does the principle of “informed consent” require from psychologists? a) Providing participants with a monetary reward b) Ensuring participants understand the nature, purpose, and potential risks of the study c) Keeping research methods confidential d) Obtaining approval from the research institution Answer: b) Ensuring participants understand the nature, purpose, and potential risks of the study 4. Which of the following is a fundamental ethical principle in psychological research? a) Deception b) Confidentiality c) Coercion d) Harm Answer: b) Confidentiality 5. When is deception in psychological research considered acceptable? a) Always b) When the research design requires it and there is no alternative method c) When participants consent to it d) When the study involves a high-risk population Answer: b) When the research design requires it and there is no alternative method 6. What must psychologists do if they use deception in their research? a) Disclose the deception to participants after the study b) Obtain a special waiver from the institution c) Avoid discussing the results of the research d) Limit the number of participants Answer: a) Disclose the deception to participants after the study 7. What is the role of Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)? a) To provide funding for research b) To review and approve research proposals to ensure ethical standards are met c) To conduct psychological experiments d) To publish research findings Answer: b) To review and approve research proposals to ensure ethical standards are met 8. What does the ethical principle of “beneficence” refer to? a) Ensuring the research benefits society b) Avoiding any harm to participants c) Providing equal opportunities for all participants d) Guaranteeing confidentiality Answer: b) Avoiding any harm to participants 9. What does “confidentiality” mean in the context of psychological research? a) Keeping participant data private and secure b) Sharing data with other researchers c) Disclosing participants’ identities in publications d) Making data accessible to the public Answer: a) Keeping participant data private and secure 10. Which principle requires psychologists to avoid exploiting their clients or research participants? a) Integrity b) Fidelity and Responsibility c) Justice d) Respect for Persons Answer: b) Fidelity and Responsibility 11. What is “informed consent” in clinical practice? a) Ensuring clients understand their diagnosis b) Providing clients with all information about therapy options and potential risks c) Getting permission from clients to share their information with others d) Informing clients about the cost of services Answer: b) Providing clients with all information about therapy options and potential risks 12. What does the principle of “justice” in ethical guidelines refer to? a) Treating all clients and research participants fairly and without bias b) Ensuring that all research is published c) Protecting the confidentiality of participants d) Guaranteeing that all clients receive equal treatment Answer: a) Treating all clients and research participants fairly and without bias 13. Which of the following is considered an ethical breach in therapy? a) Establishing clear boundaries b) Engaging in dual relationships with clients c) Providing referrals when necessary d) Maintaining confidentiality Answer: b) Engaging in dual relationships with clients 14. What is the “right to withdraw” in research ethics? a) The right of researchers to withdraw their studies b) The right of participants to leave the study at any time without penalty c) The right of participants to withdraw their consent after the study d) The right of researchers to withdraw data from the study Answer: b) The right of participants to leave the study at any time without penalty 15. Which principle emphasizes the importance of honesty and accuracy in research and practice? a) Beneficence b) Integrity c) Fidelity d) Respect Answer: b) Integrity 16. What is a “dual relationship” in the context of psychology? a) Maintaining a single role with a client b) Having more than one professional relationship with a client c) Establishing clear professional boundaries d) Offering services to family members Answer: b) Having more than one professional relationship with a client 17. When is it permissible for a psychologist to breach client confidentiality? a) When the client requests it b) When there is a risk of harm to the client or others c) When the psychologist is required to provide information for research purposes d) When the psychologist needs to discuss the case with a colleague Answer: b) When there is a risk of harm to the client or others 18. What is the main purpose of the “ethical review process” in research? a) To ensure that research findings are accurate b) To assess whether the research meets ethical standards and protects participants c) To secure funding for the research d) To publicize the research results Answer: b) To assess whether the research meets ethical standards and protects participants 19. Which of the following is NOT an ethical guideline for research with human subjects? a) Obtaining informed consent b) Maintaining participant confidentiality c) Deceiving participants without a valid reason d) Avoiding harm to participants Answer: c) Deceiving participants without a valid reason 20. What does “debriefing” involve in research? a) Providing participants with feedback about the study’s results b) Conducting a follow-up assessment with participants c) Informing participants about the true nature of the study after their participation d) Requesting additional consent for further participation Answer: c) Informing participants about the true nature of the study after their participation 21. Which principle requires psychologists to disclose any potential conflicts of interest? a) Beneficence b) Integrity c) Justice d) Respect for Persons Answer: b) Integrity 22. What is “ethical confidentiality” in psychological practice? a) Keeping all client information private and secure b) Sharing client information with other professionals c) Discussing client cases in public forums d) Documenting all client interactions Answer: a) Keeping all client information private and secure 23. What should a psychologist do if they suspect a client is at risk of self-harm or harming others? a) Maintain confidentiality and continue therapy b) Report the situation to appropriate authorities while maintaining confidentiality c) Discontinue therapy without any action d) Discuss the situation with the client’s family without consent Answer: b) Report the situation to appropriate authorities while maintaining confidentiality 24. Which of the following is an example of “exploitative behavior” in psychology? a) Charging fair fees for services b) Using client information for personal gain c) Providing clients with appropriate referrals d) Establishing clear therapeutic goals Answer: b) Using client information for personal gain 25. What is the purpose of “informed consent” in research involving children? a) To ensure children understand the study’s nature and potential risks b) To obtain consent from the child’s parents or guardians c) To inform children about the study’s findings d) To guarantee children’s complete participation Answer: b) To obtain consent from the child’s parents or guardians 26. Which principle in ethical research emphasizes the importance of fair distribution of research benefits and burdens? a) Justice b) Beneficence c) Fidelity d) Integrity Answer: a) Justice 27. What is “ethical integrity” in the context of psychological research? a) Following all legal regulations related to research b) Ensuring that research results are accurate and honestly reported c) Publishing research in high-impact journals d) Obtaining multiple grants for research Answer: b) Ensuring that research results are accurate and honestly reported 28. What does “informed consent” include in psychological assessments? a) Information about the purpose, procedures, and potential risks of the assessment b) The right of the psychologist to disclose results to others c) A guarantee that the assessment will be successful d) An agreement to participate in all future assessments Answer: a) Information about the purpose, procedures, and potential risks of the assessment 29. What is the ethical responsibility of psychologists regarding their professional conduct? a) To avoid any form of criticism from peers b) To adhere to established ethical guidelines and standards c) To maintain secrecy about their professional practices d) To prioritize personal interests over professional duties Answer: b) To adhere to established ethical guidelines and standards 30. Which concept involves the protection of participants from undue influence or coercion in research? a) Autonomy b) Beneficence c) Justice d) Confidentiality Answer: a) Autonomy 31. What is “ethical review” in the context of psychological research? a) A process of evaluating the accuracy of research results b) A process of assessing the ethical considerations of a research proposal c) A method of recruiting participants for research d) A technique for analyzing research data Answer: b) A process of assessing the ethical considerations of a research proposal 32. What is the primary ethical concern when conducting research with vulnerable populations? a) Ensuring adequate funding b) Avoiding exploitation and ensuring informed consent c) Maximizing the number of participants d) Using complex research methods Answer: b) Avoiding exploitation and ensuring informed consent 33. What should a psychologist do if they discover a colleague engaging in unethical behavior? a) Ignore the behavior to avoid conflict b) Report the behavior to the appropriate ethical board or authority c) Discuss the behavior privately with the colleague d) Publicly criticize the colleague’s actions Answer: b) Report the behavior to the appropriate ethical board or authority 34. Which principle is concerned with the accuracy and honesty in reporting research findings? a) Integrity b) Beneficence c) Respect for Persons d) Justice Answer: a) Integrity 35. What is the role of “ethics training” for psychologists? a) To enhance research skills b) To ensure psychologists understand and apply ethical principles in their practice c) To prepare psychologists for administrative tasks d) To provide skills for financial management Answer: b) To ensure psychologists understand and apply ethical principles in their practice 36. What does the “non-maleficence” principle entail in psychology? a) Doing no harm to clients or research participants b) Providing the maximum benefit to clients c) Ensuring that all research is publicly available d) Offering compensation to research participants Answer: a) Doing no harm to clients or research participants 37. Which term describes the ethical principle of ensuring that research participants are not deceived unless absolutely necessary? a) Transparency b) Respect c) Informed Consent d) Honesty Answer: a) Transparency 38. What is the main purpose of “confidentiality agreements” in research? a) To outline the responsibilities of researchers in handling sensitive information b) To ensure that all research data is published c) To protect researchers from legal liability d) To manage the financial aspects of the research Answer: a) To outline the responsibilities of researchers in handling sensitive information 39. What does “ethical competence” refer to in the context of psychological practice? a) The ability to conduct research effectively b) The knowledge and skills required to handle ethical issues in practice c) The proficiency in using psychological tests d) The capacity to work with diverse populations Answer: b) The knowledge and skills required to handle ethical issues in practice 40. Which of the following is an example of an ethical violation in therapy? a) Establishing a professional relationship with clear boundaries b) Accepting gifts from clients c) Referring clients to other professionals when needed d) Providing appropriate and timely interventions Answer: b) Accepting gifts from clients 41. What does “respect for persons” mean in psychological ethics? a) Valuing clients’ autonomy and ensuring they are treated with dignity b) Ensuring clients receive financial compensation c) Prioritizing the needs of the researcher over the participants d) Maintaining strict confidentiality without exceptions Answer: a) Valuing clients’ autonomy and ensuring they are treated with dignity 42. When can a psychologist breach confidentiality according to ethical standards? a) When discussing cases with colleagues b) When there is a legal requirement or risk of harm to self or others c) When the psychologist is feeling overwhelmed d) When conducting a review of research results Answer: b) When there is a legal requirement or risk of harm to self or others 43. What is the ethical issue of “client consent” related to in therapy? a) Gaining clients’ approval for treatment and any potential risks involved b) Deciding on the fees for therapy sessions c) Ensuring clients’ full participation in research d) Obtaining permission to discuss client cases in academic papers Answer: a) Gaining clients’ approval for treatment and any potential risks involved 44. Which principle in ethical psychology focuses on ensuring that psychological knowledge is used responsibly and justly? a) Justice b) Beneficence c) Integrity d) Respect for Persons Answer: a) Justice 45. What is “ethical reporting” in the context of psychological research? a) Submitting research findings to academic journals b) Ensuring that research findings are reported truthfully and accurately c) Presenting preliminary data to stakeholders d) Discussing research results with participants Answer: b) Ensuring that research findings are reported truthfully and accurately 46. What does “respect for autonomy” mean in psychological ethics? a) Allowing clients to make their own informed decisions regarding treatment b) Maintaining control over client decisions c) Providing clients with minimal information about their treatment d) Restricting clients’ access to information about their condition Answer: a) Allowing clients to make their own informed decisions regarding treatment 47. What is “informed consent” in the context of psychological assessments? a) Providing clients with an explanation of the assessment process and obtaining their agreement b) Ensuring that clients know the results of the assessment immediately c) Guaranteeing that the assessment will lead to accurate results d) Avoiding any form of disclosure about the assessment Answer: a) Providing clients with an explanation of the assessment process and obtaining their agreement 48. What does “professional competence” involve for psychologists? a) Having the required skills and knowledge to perform their professional duties ethically b) Securing funding for research activities c) Managing multiple research projects simultaneously d) Publishing regularly in academic journals Answer: a) Having the required skills and knowledge to perform their professional duties ethically 49. Which principle involves psychologists providing appropriate services and avoiding harm? a) Beneficence b) Integrity c) Justice d) Respect for Persons Answer: a) Beneficence 50. What should psychologists do if they encounter an ethical dilemma in their practice? a) Seek advice from colleagues or consult the ethical guidelines b) Ignore the issue if it is not critical c) Make decisions based on personal preferences d) Discuss the dilemma openly with clients Answer: a) Seek advice from colleagues or consult the ethical guidelines

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