Cognitive Neuroscience MCQs

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1. Which brain imaging technique is used to measure brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow?
(A) Electroencephalography (EEG)
(B) Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
(C) Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
(D) Computed Tomography (CT)

2. Which area of the brain is primarily involved in language production?
(A) Broca’s area
(B) Wernicke’s area
(C) Occipital lobe
(D) Hippocampus

3. What is the primary function of the prefrontal cortex?
(A) Visual processing
(B) Motor control
(C) Memory formation
(D) Executive functions, including decision-making and planning

4. Which brain structure is crucial for the formation and consolidation of new memories?
(A) Amygdala
(B) Thalamus
(C) Hippocampus
(D) Hypothalamus

5. Which cognitive process is associated with the parietal lobe?
(A) Visual recognition
(B) Spatial awareness and attention
(C) Emotional regulation
(D) Speech production

6. What does the term “neuroplasticity” refer to?
(A) The brain’s ability to change and adapt in response to experience
(B) The rigidity of brain structures
(C) The decline of cognitive functions with age
(D) The preservation of neural circuits

7. Which technique involves the use of magnetic fields to stimulate specific brain regions?
(A) Magnetoencephalography (MEG)
(B) Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
(C) Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
(D) Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

8. Which part of the brain is involved in emotional processing and fear responses?
(A) Hippocampus
(B) Amygdala
(C) Cerebellum
(D) Corpus callosum

9. What is the main function of the occipital lobe?
(A) Auditory processing
(B) Motor coordination
(C) Memory storage
(D) Visual processing

10. Which neurotransmitter is most commonly associated with mood regulation and is implicated in depression?
(A) Dopamine
(B) Serotonin
(C) Glutamate
(D) Acetylcholine

11. What does “functional specialization” in cognitive neuroscience refer to?
(A) Different brain regions performing specific functions
(B) The brain’s ability to work as a single unit
(C) The uniform distribution of functions across the brain
(D) The ability to perform multiple tasks simultaneously

12. Which brain region is involved in regulating autonomic functions such as heart rate and breathing?
(A) Cerebellum
(B) Medulla oblongata
(C) Basal ganglia
(D) Thalamus

13. What is the primary role of the cerebellum?
(A) Emotional regulation
(B) Sensory perception
(C) Language processing
(D) Coordination and fine motor control

14. Which cognitive function is most strongly associated with the left hemisphere of the brain?
(A) Visual-spatial tasks
(B) Memory retrieval
(C) Emotional processing
(D) Language processing

15. What is the “default mode network” in cognitive neuroscience?
(A) A network of brain regions active during rest and mind-wandering
(B) A network of brain regions active during focused tasks
(C) A network associated with motor control
(D) A network involved in sensory processing

16. Which brain area is involved in regulating and controlling voluntary movement?
(A) Occipital lobe
(B) Primary somatosensory cortex
(C) Primary motor cortex
(D) Prefrontal cortex

17. What is the primary function of the thalamus?
(A) Emotional processing
(B) Memory consolidation
(C) Sensory relay station
(D) Motor coordination

18. Which brain imaging technique measures electrical activity of the brain using electrodes placed on the scalp?
(A) Magnetoencephalography (MEG)
(B) Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
(C) Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
(D) Electroencephalography (EEG)

19. Which cognitive function is primarily associated with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex?
(A) Visual perception
(B) Emotional regulation
(C) Working memory and executive functions
(D) Speech production

20. What does “cognitive control” refer to in cognitive neuroscience?
(A) The ability to control sensory inputs
(B) The ability to regulate and manage thoughts, emotions, and actions
(C) The management of automatic responses
(D) The inhibition of neural impulses

21. Which part of the brain is critical for processing and integrating sensory information?
(A) Occipital lobe
(B) Frontal lobe
(C) Temporal lobe
(D) Parietal lobe

22. What is “synaptic plasticity”?
(A) The decline of synaptic connections with age
(B) The rigidity of synaptic connections
(C) The formation of new synapses without change in strength
(D) The ability of synapses to change their strength and efficiency in response to experience

23. Which brain region is responsible for face recognition?
(A) Amygdala
(B) Hippocampus
(C) Fusiform gyrus
(D) Primary visual cortex

24. What is the main purpose of using a PET scan in cognitive neuroscience?
(A) To assess electrical activity
(B) To visualize brain structure only
(C) To measure changes in brain activity by detecting glucose metabolism
(D) To map brain connectivity

25. Which cognitive function is most associated with the medial prefrontal cortex?
(A) Spatial navigation
(B) Social cognition and self-referential thinking
(C) Sensory processing
(D) Motor control

26. What is “neurogenesis”?
(A) The loss of synaptic connections
(B) The breakdown of existing neurons
(C) The formation of new neurons in the brain
(D) The alteration of neural circuits without new neurons

27. Which technique uses radioactive tracers to study brain activity?
(A) Electroencephalography (EEG)
(B) Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
(C) Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
(D) Magnetoencephalography (MEG)

28. What is the “corpus callosum” and its primary function?
(A) A part of the limbic system involved in emotion regulation
(B) A brain area involved in visual processing
(C) A region responsible for sensory integration
(D) A structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain and facilitates interhemispheric communication

29. Which cognitive function is associated with the posterior superior temporal gyrus?
(A) Memory retrieval
(B) Motor coordination
(C) Visual processing
(D) Language comprehension

30. What does “hemispheric specialization” refer to in cognitive neuroscience?
(A) The role of the corpus callosum in equalizing hemispheric functions
(B) The uniformity of function across both hemispheres
(C) The ability of both hemispheres to perform the same tasks equally
(D) The idea that each hemisphere of the brain has distinct functions and processing capabilities

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