Introduction to Sociology MCQs

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1. What is sociology? a) The study of the individual mind b) The study of society and social behavior c) The study of physical health d) The study of environmental science Answer: b) The study of society and social behavior 2. Who is considered the father of sociology? a) Karl Marx b) Max Weber c) Auguste Comte d) Émile Durkheim Answer: c) Auguste Comte 3. Which term refers to the process by which individuals learn and adopt the values and norms of their society? a) Socialization b) Assimilation c) Acculturation d) Integration Answer: a) Socialization 4. What is a “social institution”? a) An individual’s personal beliefs b) A formal organization with no societal impact c) A complex, integrated set of social norms organized around the preservation of a basic societal value d) A social club or organization Answer: c) A complex, integrated set of social norms organized around the preservation of a basic societal value 5. Which theory suggests that social behavior is a result of the interaction between individuals and their social environment? a) Conflict Theory b) Symbolic Interactionism c) Structural Functionalism d) Social Exchange Theory Answer: b) Symbolic Interactionism 6. What is “culture”? a) The physical environment in which people live b) The patterns of behavior, beliefs, and objects that characterize a particular group c) The structure of political institutions d) The genetic traits shared by a group Answer: b) The patterns of behavior, beliefs, and objects that characterize a particular group 7. Which sociologist is known for the concept of “anomie,” which refers to the breakdown of social norms? a) Karl Marx b) Max Weber c) Auguste Comte d) Émile Durkheim Answer: d) Émile Durkheim 8. What is the primary focus of “conflict theory”? a) The stability of social structures b) The role of symbols and interactions in society c) The inherent conflicts and inequalities between different social classes d) The process of cultural transmission Answer: c) The inherent conflicts and inequalities between different social classes 9. Which term describes a group of people who share a common culture and identity? a) Social class b) Ethnic group c) Social network d) Institution Answer: b) Ethnic group 10. What is “role conflict”? a) The difficulty in maintaining roles in a social group b) The conflict that arises when fulfilling the expectations of one role interferes with another role c) The social tension between different groups d) The conflict within a single individual’s personality Answer: b) The conflict that arises when fulfilling the expectations of one role interferes with another role 11. Which concept refers to the set of expectations attached to a particular social status or position? a) Social role b) Social norm c) Social institution d) Social value Answer: a) Social role 12. What is “social stratification”? a) The process of categorizing people based on their socioeconomic status b) The process of integrating new members into a society c) The study of social roles and norms d) The breakdown of traditional institutions Answer: a) The process of categorizing people based on their socioeconomic status 13. Which theory emphasizes that society functions like a well-oiled machine, with each part working together to maintain stability? a) Symbolic Interactionism b) Conflict Theory c) Structural Functionalism d) Social Exchange Theory Answer: c) Structural Functionalism 14. What is “primary socialization”? a) Socialization that occurs during adulthood b) The process of learning norms and values from primary caregivers during early childhood c) The acquisition of skills for professional life d) Socialization through peer groups Answer: b) The process of learning norms and values from primary caregivers during early childhood 15. What is the term for a society characterized by a high degree of specialization and interdependence? a) Pre-industrial society b) Industrial society c) Post-industrial society d) Traditional society Answer: b) Industrial society 16. Which sociologist developed the concept of the “iron cage” to describe the constraints of modern bureaucratic life? a) Karl Marx b) Max Weber c) Auguste Comte d) Émile Durkheim Answer: b) Max Weber 17. What is “ethnography”? a) The study of language use in social contexts b) The study of the physical environment of different societies c) The detailed and systematic study of people and cultures through observation and participation d) The study of genetic influences on behavior Answer: c) The detailed and systematic study of people and cultures through observation and participation 18. Which term describes a system in which people are ranked according to their social status or wealth? a) Social mobility b) Social stratification c) Social cohesion d) Social capital Answer: b) Social stratification 19. What does “social mobility” refer to? a) The ability of individuals to move up or down the social hierarchy b) The stability of social institutions c) The interaction between different social groups d) The rate at which social norms change Answer: a) The ability of individuals to move up or down the social hierarchy 20. Which term refers to the way a society’s norms and values influence the behavior of its members? a) Social control b) Social capital c) Social integration d) Socialization Answer: a) Social control 21. What is “role strain”? a) The stress experienced when balancing multiple roles b) The difficulty experienced in fulfilling the demands of a single role c) The conflict between different social groups d) The pressure to conform to social norms Answer: b) The difficulty experienced in fulfilling the demands of a single role 22. Which concept describes a change in the structure of society that leads to new patterns of social behavior? a) Social evolution b) Social change c) Social revolution d) Social transformation Answer: b) Social change 23. What is “deviance”? a) Behavior that conforms to social norms b) Behavior that violates societal norms and expectations c) Behavior that is typical of most individuals in a society d) Behavior that is legally sanctioned Answer: b) Behavior that violates societal norms and expectations 24. Which theory focuses on the role of symbols and their meanings in social interactions? a) Structural Functionalism b) Conflict Theory c) Symbolic Interactionism d) Social Exchange Theory Answer: c) Symbolic Interactionism 25. What is “social capital”? a) The financial resources available to individuals in a society b) The skills and education of individuals c) The networks and relationships that provide social support and resources d) The economic assets owned by a person Answer: c) The networks and relationships that provide social support and resources 26. Which term refers to the set of ideas and practices that justify the status quo and maintain social order? a) Ideology b) Culture c) Norms d) Values Answer: a) Ideology 27. What is “status” in sociology? a) The position or rank of an individual within a social hierarchy b) The social roles individuals fulfill in a community c) The cultural practices of a society d) The network of social relationships Answer: a) The position or rank of an individual within a social hierarchy 28. Which concept describes a society where members share common values and norms, leading to a high degree of social cohesion? a) Mechanical solidarity b) Organic solidarity c) Social stratification d) Social mobility Answer: a) Mechanical solidarity 29. What is “organic solidarity”? a) The social cohesion found in traditional societies with shared values b) The social cohesion in modern societies based on interdependence and specialization c) The sense of community created by shared religious beliefs d) The uniformity of social roles in pre-industrial societies Answer: b) The social cohesion in modern societies based on interdependence and specialization 30. Which sociological perspective examines the role of power and inequality in shaping social behavior? a) Symbolic Interactionism b) Structural Functionalism c) Conflict Theory d) Social Exchange Theory Answer: c) Conflict Theory 31. What is “gender role socialization”? a) The process by which individuals learn the behaviors expected of their gender b) The process of integrating individuals into gender-specific occupations c) The study of gender differences in social behavior d) The equal distribution of roles between genders Answer: a) The process by which individuals learn the behaviors expected of their gender 32. What is “status inconsistency”? a) When an individual’s social status does not match their economic position b) When an individual holds multiple conflicting statuses c) When social roles conflict with one another d) When an individual’s status changes rapidly Answer: b) When an individual holds multiple conflicting statuses 33. Which concept refers to the societal mechanisms that ensure individuals adhere to social norms and rules? a) Socialization b) Social control c) Social stratification d) Social mobility Answer: b) Social control 34. What is the “looking-glass self” concept? a) The idea that self-concept is influenced by how others perceive us b) The theory that individuals see themselves through a distorted lens c) The belief that self-identity is fixed and unchangeable d) The process of self-reflection and personal growth Answer: a) The idea that self-concept is influenced by how others perceive us 35. What is “ascribed status”? a) A social status assigned at birth or involuntarily acquired later in life b) A social status earned through personal achievement c) A social status achieved through formal education d) A status that is voluntarily assumed by an individual Answer: a) A social status assigned at birth or involuntarily acquired later in life 36. Which sociological perspective argues that social institutions and processes exist to meet societal needs and maintain stability? a) Conflict Theory b) Symbolic Interactionism c) Structural Functionalism d) Social Exchange Theory Answer: c) Structural Functionalism 37. What does “symbolic interactionism” focus on in studying social behavior? a) The material conditions and economic factors influencing social behavior b) The role of symbols, language, and interactions in shaping social behavior c) The structural aspects of society and its impact on social behavior d) The distribution of power and resources in society Answer: b) The role of symbols, language, and interactions in shaping social behavior 38. What is “cultural relativism”? a) The practice of judging other cultures by the standards of one’s own culture b) The understanding and appreciation of cultural differences without judgment c) The belief that all cultures are inherently inferior d) The process of adopting elements from other cultures Answer: b) The understanding and appreciation of cultural differences without judgment 39. Which concept refers to the different ways in which people or groups interact based on their social roles and statuses? a) Social interactions b) Social norms c) Social roles d) Social networks Answer: a) Social interactions 40. What is “role ambiguity”? a) The lack of clear expectations and responsibilities associated with a role b) The overlap of multiple roles within a social context c) The clear and well-defined expectations of a role d) The conflict between different social roles Answer: a) The lack of clear expectations and responsibilities associated with a role 41. What is “social network”? a) A collection of individuals linked by common interests or relationships b) A formal organization with specific goals and functions c) A system for tracking social changes d) A mechanism for enforcing social norms Answer: a) A collection of individuals linked by common interests or relationships 42. Which concept involves the influence of society on an individual’s behavior and self-perception? a) Socialization b) Social control c) Social structure d) Social change Answer: a) Socialization 43. What is “cultural diffusion”? a) The spread of cultural beliefs and practices from one society to another b) The process of cultural assimilation c) The loss of cultural identity in a society d) The rejection of foreign cultural practices Answer: a) The spread of cultural beliefs and practices from one society to another 44. What does “role performance” refer to? a) The way individuals carry out their roles and responsibilities in society b) The assessment of an individual’s social status c) The process of learning new social roles d) The negotiation of social roles with others Answer: a) The way individuals carry out their roles and responsibilities in society 45. Which term describes the process through which individuals are integrated into society’s cultural and social norms? a) Socialization b) Social stratification c) Social control d) Social mobility Answer: a) Socialization 46. What is “role exit”? a) The process of leaving a social role and transitioning to a new role b) The temporary withdrawal from social responsibilities c) The rejection of societal norms d) The abandonment of personal goals Answer: a) The process of leaving a social role and transitioning to a new role 47. Which sociological perspective focuses on how individuals perceive and interpret their social environment? a) Conflict Theory b) Symbolic Interactionism c) Structural Functionalism d) Social Exchange Theory Answer: b) Symbolic Interactionism 48. What is “social interaction”? a) The process through which people communicate and engage with one another b) The role of institutions in shaping behavior c) The distribution of resources and power in society d) The adaptation of cultural practices Answer: a) The process through which people communicate and engage with one another 49. Which concept refers to the social mechanisms that regulate individual behavior and maintain social order? a) Socialization b) Social control c) Social capital d) Social stratification Answer: b) Social control 50. What is “social cohesion”? a) The sense of belonging and unity that individuals feel within a society b) The formal rules and regulations governing social behavior c) The economic and material resources available in a society d) The process of social change and adaptation Answer: a) The sense of belonging and unity that individuals feel within a society

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