1. Which term refers to the tendency to view one’s own cultural group as superior to others?
A) Cultural relativism
B) Ethnocentrism
C) Cultural pluralism
D) Multiculturalism
Answer: B) Ethnocentrism
2. Cultural competence in psychology refers to:
A) The ability to understand and effectively interact with people from diverse backgrounds.
B) Exclusive focus on clients who share the psychologist’s cultural background.
C) Limiting therapy techniques to those endorsed by the psychologist’s cultural group.
D) Avoiding multicultural issues altogether in therapy.
Answer: A) The ability to understand and effectively interact with people from diverse backgrounds.
3. Which of the following is an example of cultural pluralism?
A) A country with a dominant culture that encourages assimilation of minorities.
B) Communities where diverse cultural groups maintain their identities while coexisting peacefully.
C) A policy that actively discriminates against minority cultural groups.
D) A cultural practice that is universally accepted across all societies.
Answer: B) Communities where diverse cultural groups maintain their identities while coexisting peacefully.
4. What is the term for the process through which individuals or groups acquire and integrate the culture and norms of another group?
A) Acculturation
B) Assimilation
C) Ethnography
D) Multiculturalism
Answer: A) Acculturation
5. In the context of psychological assessments, what does cultural bias refer to?
A) The tendency of one cultural group to outperform another on standardized tests.
B) The inclusion of culturally specific norms and values in the assessment process.
C) The use of assessment tools that are only validated in one cultural context.
D) The belief that psychological testing is universally applicable across all cultures.
Answer: C) The use of assessment tools that are only validated in one cultural context.
6. Stereotypes are:
A) Accurate representations of cultural groups based on scientific research.
B) Overgeneralized beliefs about the characteristics of a particular group.
C) Culturally neutral judgments that psychologists use in clinical practice.
D) Intentional biases that psychologists should employ to understand cultural diversity.
Answer: B) Overgeneralized beliefs about the characteristics of a particular group.
7. Which approach emphasizes the importance of understanding cultural context in diagnosing and treating psychological disorders?
A) Universalist approach
B) Ethnocentric approach
C) Cultural formulation approach
D) Assimilationist approach
Answer: C) Cultural formulation approach
8. Cultural neuroscience investigates:
A) The neurological basis of cultural differences in behavior and cognition.
B) Cultural aspects of neurological disorders.
C) How cultural values impact brain development.
D) The impact of culture on neurotransmitter function.
Answer: A) The neurological basis of cultural differences in behavior and cognition.
9. The term “intersectionality” refers to:
A) The study of cultural intersections in multicultural societies.
B) The integration of multiple cultural identities within an individual or group.
C) The overlap of cultural and psychological theories.
D) The process of assimilation into a dominant cultural group.
Answer: B) The integration of multiple cultural identities within an individual or group.
10. Which of the following is NOT a dimension typically considered in cultural competence frameworks?
A) Cultural awareness
B) Cultural humility
C) Cultural rigidity
D) Cultural knowledge
Answer: C) Cultural rigidity
11. The APA Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct includes specific guidelines related to:
A) The cultural sensitivity of psychological research.
B) The exclusion of minority groups from psychological practice.
C) Advocating for assimilation of diverse cultural groups.
D) Prohibiting research on cultural differences.
Answer: A) The cultural sensitivity of psychological research.
12. What is cultural relativism?
A) The belief that one’s own cultural values are superior to others.
B) The understanding that all cultural beliefs and practices are equally valid within their own context.
C) The process of integrating into a new cultural environment.
D) The study of cultural variations in psychological disorders.
Answer: B) The understanding that all cultural beliefs and practices are equally valid within their own context.
13. Which term describes the psychological discomfort experienced when confronted with a different cultural worldview?
A) Cultural shock
B) Cultural sensitivity
C) Cultural accommodation
D) Cultural dissonance
Answer: A) Cultural shock
14. The concept of “bicultural identity integration” refers to:
A) The ability to switch between two cultural identities seamlessly.
B) The complete assimilation into one dominant cultural identity.
C) The conflict between multiple cultural identities.
D) The integration of multiple cultural identities into a cohesive self-concept.
Answer: D) The integration of multiple cultural identities into a cohesive self-concept.
15. Which of the following is an example of a culturally competent therapeutic intervention?
A) Encouraging clients to abandon their cultural practices.
B) Using assessment tools validated only in the psychologist’s own culture.
C) Incorporating the client’s cultural beliefs into the treatment plan.
D) Focusing exclusively on universal psychological principles.
Answer: C) Incorporating the client’s cultural beliefs into the treatment plan.
16. Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of cultural bias in psychological assessment?
A) Misdiagnosis of psychological disorders
B) Overestimation of intellectual abilities in minority groups
C) Underestimation of intellectual abilities in minority groups
D) Increased reliability and validity of assessment results
Answer: D) Increased reliability and validity of assessment results
17. Cultural competence training for psychologists typically includes:
A) Learning about specific stereotypes of cultural groups.
B) Developing skills to recognize and address cultural biases.
C) Advocating for the superiority of one cultural group over another.
D) Ignoring cultural differences to focus on universal psychological principles.
Answer: B) Developing skills to recognize and address cultural biases.
18. Which of the following best defines cultural identity?
A) A fixed set of traits that define a person’s cultural heritage.
B) A dynamic and evolving sense of belonging to a cultural group.
C) The assimilation of multiple cultural identities into one dominant identity.
D) The rejection of cultural norms and values.
Answer: B) A dynamic and evolving sense of belonging to a cultural group.
19. The concept of “cultural humility” emphasizes:
A) Acknowledging one’s own cultural biases and limitations.
B) Promoting the superiority of one’s own cultural beliefs.
C) Avoiding interactions with clients from diverse cultural backgrounds.
D) Using standardized psychological assessments across all cultural groups.
Answer: A) Acknowledging one’s own cultural biases and limitations.
20. What is cultural adaptation?
A) The process of adapting to a new cultural environment.
B) The rejection of one’s own cultural values in favor of another.
C) The use of only culturally specific therapies in psychological practice.
D) The exclusion of minority cultural groups from psychological services.
Answer: A) The process of adapting to a new cultural environment.
21. Which approach encourages psychologists to consider cultural, economic, and social factors in understanding psychological issues?
A) Biopsychosocial approach
B) Ethnocentric approach
C) Individualistic approach
D) Universalist approach
Answer: A) Biopsychosocial approach
22. What is the term for the loss of one’s original cultural identity when immersed in a new cultural environment?
A) Cultural identity crisis
B) Acculturative stress
C) Cultural adaptation
D) Cultural assimilation
Answer: D) Cultural assimilation
23. The DSM-5 includes:
A) Guidelines for culturally sensitive psychological assessments.
B) Exclusion of culturally diverse populations from diagnostic criteria.
C) A focus on universal symptoms of psychological disorders.
D) The promotion of ethnocentric diagnostic practices.
Answer: A) Guidelines for culturally sensitive psychological assessments.
24. Which of the following is an example of institutional racism in psychology?
A) A psychologist refusing to treat clients from certain cultural backgrounds.
B) The underrepresentation of minority psychologists in professional organizations.
C) The development of culturally sensitive therapeutic interventions.
D) The recognition of cultural diversity in psychological research.
Answer: B) The underrepresentation of minority psychologists in professional organizations.
25. The cultural formulation interview (CFI) is used to:
A) Develop culturally sensitive research designs.
B) Assess cultural bias in psychological assessments.
C) Understand the impact of cultural factors on a client’s psychological health.
D) Advocate for assimilationist approaches in therapy.
Answer: C) Understand the impact of cultural factors on a client’s psychological health.
26. Cultural neuroscience examines how:
A) Cultural beliefs influence neurological functions.
B) Neurological disorders impact cultural practices.
C) Cultural practices shape genetic predispositions.
D) Universal psychological principles apply across diverse cultures.
Answer: A) Cultural beliefs influence neurological functions.
27. The cultural encapsulation model suggests that psychologists:
A) Should develop culturally specific interventions for every client.
B) Must ignore cultural differences to focus on universal psychological principles.
C) May unintentionally impose their own cultural values on clients.
D) Need not consider cultural factors in the therapeutic process.
Answer: C) May unintentionally impose their own cultural values on clients.
28. Which of the following is a benefit of integrating cultural competence into psychological practice?
A) Improved client engagement and satisfaction.
B) Greater reliance on universal psychological principles.
C) Reduced need for cultural awareness training.
D) Decreased emphasis on individual client needs.
Answer: A) Improved client engagement and satisfaction.
29. Culturally adapted interventions are designed to:
A) Ensure that therapy is relevant to the client’s cultural context.
B) Apply a one-size-fits-all approach to therapy regardless of culture.
C) Focus solely on the psychologist’s cultural background.
D) Eliminate cultural differences in therapeutic practice.
Answer: A) Ensure that therapy is relevant to the client’s cultural context.
30. The concept of “cultural empathy” refers to:
A) The ability to understand and share the feelings of individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds.
B) The exclusion of personal feelings in cultural interactions.
C) The adoption of a single cultural perspective in therapy.
D) The rejection of cultural differences in psychological practice.
Answer: A) The ability to understand and share the feelings of individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds.
31. The term “ethnographic research” is best defined as:
A) A method of studying cultural groups through direct observation and participation.
B) The study of universal psychological principles across different cultures.
C) A psychological approach that ignores cultural differences.
D) The development of culturally specific psychological assessments.
Answer: A) A method of studying cultural groups through direct observation and participation.
32. The “sociocultural model” in psychology focuses on:
A) The interaction between cultural, social, and psychological factors in understanding behavior.
B) The exclusion of social factors in psychological research.
C) The universal application of psychological theories.
D) The focus on individual psychological traits without cultural context.
Answer: A) The interaction between cultural, social, and psychological factors in understanding behavior.
33. Which of the following best describes the term “cultural humility”?
A) Recognizing and addressing one’s own biases and limitations in cultural interactions.
B) Promoting one’s own cultural values over others.
C) Avoiding discussions of cultural differences in therapy.
D) Assuming all clients share the same cultural experiences.
Answer: A) Recognizing and addressing one’s own biases and limitations in cultural interactions.
34. Cultural bias in psychological research can result in:
A) More accurate and reliable findings for diverse populations.
B) Misinterpretation of research findings across different cultural groups.
C) Increased validity of research outcomes for all cultural contexts.
D) Equal representation of all cultural groups in research studies.
Answer: B) Misinterpretation of research findings across different cultural groups.
35. Which term describes the psychological process of adapting to a new cultural environment while maintaining one’s original cultural identity?
A) Cultural assimilation
B) Biculturalism
C) Cultural shock
D) Acculturation
Answer: B) Biculturalism
36. A culturally competent psychologist is expected to:
A) Apply the same therapeutic techniques to all clients regardless of their cultural background.
B) Ignore cultural differences to focus solely on universal psychological principles.
C) Tailor therapeutic approaches to fit the cultural context and needs of the client.
D) Avoid discussing cultural issues in therapy sessions.
Answer: C) Tailor therapeutic approaches to fit the cultural context and needs of the client.
37. The “cultural competence continuum” represents:
A) A range of skills and knowledge required to work effectively with diverse cultural groups.
B) A fixed set of cultural practices that psychologists must follow.
C) The process of excluding cultural factors from psychological practice.
D) The transition from cultural bias to cultural ignorance.
Answer: A) A range of skills and knowledge required to work effectively with diverse cultural groups.
38. Cultural identity development in children typically involves:
A) The rejection of cultural heritage in favor of assimilation into the dominant culture.
B) The integration of cultural norms and values from both their family and broader society.
C) The complete adoption of the dominant cultural practices without regard for family heritage.
D) The avoidance of cultural interactions with peers from different backgrounds.
Answer: B) The integration of cultural norms and values from both their family and broader society.
39. The term “cultural adaptation” refers to:
A) The process of changing one’s cultural practices to fit the norms of a new culture.
B) The development of cultural norms in a homogeneous society.
C) The rejection of one’s cultural identity in favor of another.
D) The process of assimilating into a new cultural environment without preserving one’s original identity.
Answer: A) The process of changing one’s cultural practices to fit the norms of a new culture.
40. Which of the following is NOT typically included in cultural competence training for psychologists?
A) Understanding and addressing one’s own cultural biases.
B) Learning about the cultural norms and values of diverse client populations.
C) Applying universal psychological theories to all cultural groups.
D) Developing strategies for effective cross-cultural communication.
Answer: C) Applying universal psychological theories to all cultural groups.
41. The DSM-5’s Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI) aims to:
A) Provide a structured way to gather culturally relevant information from clients.
B) Eliminate the need for cultural sensitivity in psychological practice.
C) Focus solely on the psychological disorders prevalent in the psychologist’s culture.
D) Standardize diagnostic criteria across all cultural contexts.
Answer: A) Provide a structured way to gather culturally relevant information from clients.
42. What does “cultural sensitivity” in psychological practice involve?
A) Ignoring cultural differences to focus on universal therapeutic techniques.
B) Developing an understanding and respect for diverse cultural backgrounds and practices.
C) Applying only the psychologist’s cultural norms in therapy.
D) Avoiding discussions about culture in therapy sessions.
Answer: B) Developing an understanding and respect for diverse cultural backgrounds and practices.
43. The term “cultural adaptation” in the context of therapy refers to:
A) Adjusting therapeutic methods to fit the cultural context of the client.
B) Using the same therapeutic techniques for all clients regardless of cultural background.
C) Avoiding cultural considerations in therapeutic practice.
D) Promoting one cultural perspective as superior to others.
Answer: A) Adjusting therapeutic methods to fit the cultural context of the client.
44. The principle of “cultural relativity” in psychological practice suggests that:
A) Psychological phenomena should be understood within the context of the client’s cultural background.
B) Psychological principles are universally applicable without regard to cultural differences.
C) Cultural differences should be ignored in favor of standardized treatment methods.
D) The psychologist’s cultural perspective should dominate the therapeutic process.
Answer: A) Psychological phenomena should be understood within the context of the client’s cultural background.
45. Which of the following is a common challenge in cross-cultural psychological practice?
A) Overemphasis on universal psychological principles.
B) Accurate representation of cultural differences in psychological assessments.
C) Ignoring the impact of cultural factors on psychological health.
D) Standardizing therapeutic interventions across all cultural contexts.
Answer: B) Accurate representation of cultural differences in psychological assessments.
46. The “cultural competence continuum” helps psychologists:
A) Identify their level of competence in working with diverse cultural groups.
B) Focus exclusively on their own cultural background.
C) Standardize treatment approaches for all clients.
D) Avoid addressing cultural differences in therapy.
Answer: A) Identify their level of competence in working with diverse cultural groups.
47. Which of the following best describes the goal of cultural competence in psychological practice?
A) To ensure that therapeutic practices are tailored to fit the cultural context of the client.
B) To focus on universal psychological principles without regard for cultural differences.
C) To promote the superiority of one cultural perspective over others.
D) To ignore cultural differences in favor of a standardized approach to therapy.
Answer: A) To ensure that therapeutic practices are tailored to fit the cultural context of the client.
48. The term “cultural encapsulation” refers to:
A) The tendency of psychologists to impose their own cultural values on clients.
B) The development of culturally specific therapeutic techniques.
C) The accurate representation of all cultural groups in psychological research.
D) The rejection of cultural differences in therapeutic practice.
Answer: A) The tendency of psychologists to impose their own cultural values on clients.
49. Cultural competence in psychological research requires:
A) Acknowledging and addressing cultural biases in research design and implementation.
B) Ignoring cultural differences to focus solely on universal principles.
C) Excluding minority groups from research studies.
D) Using standardized research methods without regard for cultural context.
Answer: A) Acknowledging and addressing cultural biases in research design and implementation.
50. Which of the following approaches is NOT typically recommended for culturally competent practice?
A) Cultural humility
B) Cultural relativism
C) Cultural ignorance
D) Cultural sensitivity
Answer: C) Cultural ignorance
51. What is the primary aim of using culturally adapted interventions in therapy?
A) To ensure that therapeutic practices are relevant and effective for clients from diverse cultural backgrounds.
B) To promote the psychologist’s cultural values over those of the client.
C) To standardize therapeutic approaches across all cultural contexts.
D) To avoid addressing cultural differences in therapy.
Answer: A) To ensure that therapeutic practices are relevant and effective for clients from diverse cultural backgrounds.
52. The “cultural competence continuum” includes which of the following stages?
A) Cultural incompetence
B) Cultural awareness
C) Cultural humility
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
53. A culturally competent psychologist should aim to:
A) Continuously develop their understanding of diverse cultural backgrounds and practices.
B) Apply the same therapeutic approach to all clients regardless of cultural context.
C) Focus exclusively on their own cultural background in therapy.
D) Avoid discussing cultural differences with clients.
Answer: A) Continuously develop their understanding of diverse cultural backgrounds and practices.
54. The concept of “cultural competence” in psychology involves:
A) Developing an understanding and respect for diverse cultural practices and integrating this understanding into therapeutic practice.
B) Applying universal psychological theories without considering cultural context.
C) Ignoring cultural differences in favor of standardized treatment methods.
D) Focusing solely on the psychologist’s cultural values and perspectives.
Answer: A) Developing an understanding and respect for diverse cultural practices and integrating this understanding into therapeutic practice.
55. The “cultural competence” framework emphasizes:
A) The integration of cultural knowledge into psychological practice to improve client outcomes.
B) The avoidance of cultural considerations in therapeutic settings.
C) The standardization of therapeutic practices across all cultural contexts.
D) The focus on universal psychological principles without regard for cultural differences.
Answer: A) The integration of cultural knowledge into psychological practice to improve client outcomes.
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