1. Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons or sensory receptors?
A) Dendrite
B) Axon
C) Cell body (soma)
D) Myelin sheath
Answer: A) Dendrite
2. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles located in the:
A) Axon hillock
B) Dendrites
C) Terminal buttons (axon terminals)
D) Soma (cell body)
Answer: C) Terminal buttons (axon terminals)
3. The junction between two neurons, where neurotransmitters are released from one neuron and received by receptors on another neuron, is called the:
A) Synaptic vesicle
B) Synaptic cleft
C) Synaptic knob
D) Synaptic terminal
Answer: B) Synaptic cleft
4. The part of the nervous system that controls involuntary bodily functions such as heartbeat and digestion is the:
A) Somatic nervous system
B) Autonomic nervous system
C) Central nervous system
D) Peripheral nervous system
Answer: B) Autonomic nervous system
5. The neurotransmitter involved in muscle contraction, learning, and memory is:
A) Dopamine
B) Acetylcholine
C) Serotonin
D) GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)
Answer: B) Acetylcholine
6. The myelin sheath is primarily composed of:
A) Lipids (fats)
B) Proteins
C) Carbohydrates
D) Nucleic acids
Answer: A) Lipids (fats)
7. Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating basic bodily functions such as breathing and heart rate?
A) Cerebellum
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Thalamus
D) Hypothalamus
Answer: B) Medulla oblongata
8. The primary visual cortex is located in which lobe of the brain?
A) Frontal lobe
B) Parietal lobe
C) Occipital lobe
D) Temporal lobe
Answer: C) Occipital lobe
9. Damage to Broca’s area in the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere is most likely to result in:
A) Difficulty understanding spoken language
B) Difficulty producing coherent speech
C) Impaired visual perception
D) Problems with motor coordination
Answer: B) Difficulty producing coherent speech
10. The “fight or flight” response is primarily associated with the activation of the:
A) Sympathetic nervous system
B) Parasympathetic nervous system
C) Somatic nervous system
D) Central nervous system
Answer: A) Sympathetic nervous system
11. The hormone responsible for the regulation of sleep-wake cycles, mood, and appetite is:
A) Cortisol
B) Melatonin
C) Insulin
D) Testosterone
Answer: B) Melatonin
12. The area of the brain involved in the formation of new memories is the:
A) Amygdala
B) Hippocampus
C) Hypothalamus
D) Cerebellum
Answer: B) Hippocampus
13. Which neurotransmitter is commonly associated with feelings of pleasure and reward, as well as addiction?
A) Serotonin
B) Dopamine
C) Endorphins
D) Acetylcholine
Answer: B) Dopamine
14. The part of the brainstem that plays a crucial role in relaying sensory information to the cerebral cortex is the:
A) Pons
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Midbrain
D) Reticular formation
Answer: A) Pons
15. The endocrine gland that controls the functions of other endocrine glands in the body is the:
A) Pineal gland
B) Thyroid gland
C) Pituitary gland
D) Adrenal gland
Answer: C) Pituitary gland
16. Which neurotransmitter plays a key role in the regulation of mood, sleep, and appetite, and is often implicated in depression when levels are low?
A) GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)
B) Serotonin
C) Dopamine
D) Glutamate
Answer: B) Serotonin
17. The area of the brain involved in coordinating voluntary movements and balance is the:
A) Thalamus
B) Hypothalamus
C) Cerebellum
D) Corpus callosum
Answer: C) Cerebellum
18. The outermost layer of the cerebral cortex responsible for higher cognitive functions such as reasoning and planning is the:
A) Occipital lobe
B) Temporal lobe
C) Frontal lobe
D) Parietal lobe
Answer: C) Frontal lobe
19. Which structure in the limbic system is involved in the processing of emotions, especially fear and aggression?
A) Hippocampus
B) Amygdala
C) Hypothalamus
D) Thalamus
Answer: B) Amygdala
20. The neurotransmitter involved in inhibiting neural activity in the brain, thus promoting relaxation and reducing anxiety, is:
A) Serotonin
B) Dopamine
C) GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)
D) Glutamate
Answer: C) GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)
21. The process by which an electrical signal travels down the axon of a neuron is known as:
A) Transmission
B) Synthesis
C) Action potential
D) Reuptake
Answer: C) Action potential
22. Damage to Wernicke’s area, located in the left temporal lobe, is most likely to result in:
A) Difficulty understanding spoken language
B) Difficulty producing coherent speech
C) Impaired visual perception
D) Problems with motor coordination
Answer: A) Difficulty understanding spoken language
23. Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?
A) Regulating body temperature
B) Controlling hunger and thirst
C) Producing melatonin
D) Regulating circadian rhythms
Answer: C) Producing melatonin
24. The primary function of the corpus callosum is to:
A) Regulate hormonal balance in the body
B) Coordinate movements of the limbs
C) Connect the left and right hemispheres of the brain
D) Control basic bodily functions such as breathing
Answer: C) Connect the left and right hemispheres of the brain
25. Which neurotransmitter is involved in the modulation of pain and pleasure, and is similar in structure to opiates such as morphine?
A) Acetylcholine
B) Dopamine
C) Endorphins
D) Serotonin
Answer: C) Endorphins
26. The area of the brain responsible for processing auditory information, language comprehension, and memory consolidation is the:
A) Occipital lobe
B) Temporal lobe
C) Frontal lobe
D) Parietal lobe
Answer: B) Temporal lobe
27. The main function of the sympathetic nervous system is to:
A) Slow down heart rate and breathing
B) Activate the “rest and digest” response
C) Mobilize the body’s resources in response to stress
D) Regulate involuntary bodily functions
Answer: C) Mobilize the body’s resources in response to stress
28. Neuroplasticity refers to the brain’s ability to:
A) Form new neurons throughout life
B) Reorganize and adapt in response to experience
C) Maintain a stable structure and function over time
D) Transmit signals between neurons rapidly
Answer: B) Reorganize and adapt in response to experience
29. The process by which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron, reducing their concentration in the synaptic cleft, is known as:
A) Synaptic pruning
B) Reuptake
C) Action potential
D) Neurogenesis
Answer: B) Reuptake
30. Which brain structure is crucial for the formation and retrieval of explicit memories?
A) Amygdala
B) Hippocampus
C) Hypothalamus
D) Thalamus
Answer: B) Hippocampus
31. The release of cortisol during stress activates which part of the nervous system?
A) Sympathetic nervous system
B) Parasympathetic nervous system
C) Somatic nervous system
D) Central nervous system
Answer: A) Sympathetic nervous system
32. Which gland is often referred to as the “master gland” because it regulates the functions of other endocrine glands?
A) Pineal gland
B) Thyroid gland
C) Pituitary gland
D) Adrenal gland
Answer: C) Pituitary gland
33. The part of the brainstem that plays a crucial role in sleep-wake cycles, attention, and arousal is the:
A) Pons
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Midbrain
D) Reticular formation
Answer: D) Reticular formation
34. Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with regulating mood, appetite, and sleep, and is often targeted in the treatment of depression?
A) GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)
B) Serotonin
C) Dopamine
D) Glutamate
Answer: B) Serotonin
35. The outer layer of the cerebral cortex, responsible for higher-level cognitive functions, is known as:
A) The cerebellum
B) The limbic system
C) The neocortex
D) The brainstem
Answer: C) The neocortex
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