Which of the following is a measure of central tendency?
- A) Standard deviation
- B) Mean
- C) Variance
- D) Range
- Answer: B) Mean
What does a p-value less than 0.05 typically indicate in hypothesis testing?
- A) Strong evidence against the null hypothesis
- B) Strong evidence for the null hypothesis
- C) No evidence against the null hypothesis
- D) The test is inconclusive
- Answer: A) Strong evidence against the null hypothesis
Which type of data is represented by categories that do not have a natural order?
- A) Nominal
- B) Ordinal
- C) Interval
- D) Ratio
- Answer: A) Nominal
Which of the following best describes the standard deviation?
- A) A measure of central tendency
- B) A measure of dispersion around the mean
- C) A measure of the range of data
- D) A measure of the skewness of data
- Answer: B) A measure of dispersion around the mean
The correlation coefficient ranges between:
- A) 0 and 1
- B) -1 and 1
- C) -1 and 0
- D) 0 and 100
- Answer: B) -1 and 1
Which of the following statistical tests is used to compare means between two groups?
- A) Chi-square test
- B) ANOVA
- C) t-test
- D) Regression analysis
- Answer: C) t-test
In a normal distribution, what percentage of data falls within one standard deviation of the mean?
- A) 50%
- B) 68%
- C) 95%
- D) 99.7%
- Answer: B) 68%
Which graphical representation is used to show the distribution of a dataset?
- A) Bar chart
- B) Line graph
- C) Histogram
- D) Pie chart
- Answer: C) Histogram
What is the primary purpose of inferential statistics?
- A) To describe data
- B) To summarize data
- C) To make predictions or inferences about a population based on a sample
- D) To collect data
- Answer: C) To make predictions or inferences about a population based on a sample
Which of the following is an example of a continuous variable?
- A) Number of children
- B) Type of car
- C) Height
- D) Marital status
- Answer: C) Height
A Type I error occurs when:
- A) The null hypothesis is incorrectly accepted
- B) The null hypothesis is incorrectly rejected
- C) The sample size is too small
- D) The p-value is too high
- Answer: B) The null hypothesis is incorrectly rejected
Which statistical test is used to examine the relationship between two categorical variables?
- A) t-test
- B) Pearson correlation
- C) Chi-square test
- D) ANOVA
- Answer: C) Chi-square test
The median of a dataset is:
- A) The most frequently occurring value
- B) The average value
- C) The middle value when the data is ordered
- D) The sum of all values divided by the number of values
- Answer: C) The middle value when the data is ordered
A scatter plot is useful for:
- A) Showing the distribution of a single variable
- B) Comparing the means of multiple groups
- C) Displaying the relationship between two quantitative variables
- D) Summarizing categorical data
- Answer: C) Displaying the relationship between two quantitative variables
Regression analysis is primarily used to:
- A) Describe the distribution of a single variable
- B) Compare means between groups
- C) Predict the value of a dependent variable based on one or more independent variables
- D) Test for independence between variables
- Answer: C) Predict the value of a dependent variable based on one or more independent variables
In statistics, an outlier is:
- A) A data point that is very close to the mean
- B) A data point that falls outside the overall pattern of the distribution
- C) The value that appears most frequently
- D) The middle value in an ordered dataset
- Answer: B) A data point that falls outside the overall pattern of the distribution
Which measure of central tendency is most affected by extreme values?
- A) Mean
- B) Median
- C) Mode
- D) Range
- Answer: A) Mean
The null hypothesis in a statistical test is:
- A) The hypothesis that there is an effect or difference
- B) The hypothesis that there is no effect or difference
- C) The alternative hypothesis
- D) Always accepted
- Answer: B) The hypothesis that there is no effect or difference
Which of the following is a non-parametric test?
- A) ANOVA
- B) Pearson correlation
- C) Wilcoxon rank-sum test
- D) Linear regression
- Answer: C) Wilcoxon rank-sum test
In a positively skewed distribution:
- A) The mean is less than the median
- B) The mean is greater than the median
- C) The mean is equal to the median
- D) The mode is greater than the mean
- Answer: B) The mean is greater than the median

Data analysis and statistics MCQs

Library Sciences MCQs

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