1. Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

a) Nucleus

b) Ribosome

c) Mitochondria

d) Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer: c) Mitochondria

2. What is the basic unit of life?

a) Atom

b) Molecule

c) Cell

d) Tissue

Answer: c) Cell

3. Which of the following is a prokaryotic organism?

a) Fungi

b) Algae

c) Bacteria

d) Plants

Answer: c) Bacteria

4. DNA stands for:

a) Deoxyribonucleic Acid

b) Deoxyribonitrous Acid

c) Deoxyribogenetic Acid

d) Deoxyribonitrogenous Acid

Answer: a) Deoxyribonucleic Acid

5. Which part of the cell is responsible for controlling the cell’s activities?

a) Cytoplasm

b) Nucleus

c) Mitochondria

d) Cell membrane

Answer: b) Nucleus

6. Which of the following is a primary producer in a food chain?

a) Herbivores

b) Carnivores

c) Plants

d) Decomposers

Answer: c) Plants

7. What is the process by which plants make their food using sunlight?

a) Respiration

b) Digestion

c) Photosynthesis

d) Fermentation

Answer: c) Photosynthesis

8. Which macromolecule is the main source of energy for living organisms?

a) Lipids

b) Proteins

c) Carbohydrates

d) Nucleic acids

Answer: c) Carbohydrates

9. Which of the following organisms have a backbone?

a) Invertebrates

b) Arthropods

c) Vertebrates

d) Mollusks

Answer: c) Vertebrates

10. What type of blood cells are primarily responsible for fighting infections?

a) Red blood cells

b) White blood cells

c) Platelets

d) Plasma

Answer: b) White blood cells

11. Which gas do plants take in for photosynthesis?

a) Oxygen

b) Nitrogen

c) Carbon dioxide

d) Hydrogen

Answer: c) Carbon dioxide

12. What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?

a) Ionic bonds

b) Hydrogen bonds

c) Covalent bonds

d) Metallic bonds

Answer: b) Hydrogen bonds

13. Which part of the plant is responsible for water and nutrient absorption?

a) Leaves

b) Stem

c) Roots

d) Flowers

Answer: c) Roots

14. What is the term for a group of similar cells that perform a specific function?

a) Organ

b) Tissue

c) Organ system

d) Organism

Answer: b) Tissue

15. Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels?

a) Adrenaline

b) Insulin

c) Thyroxine

d) Estrogen

Answer: b) Insulin

16. What is the main function of the large intestine in the digestive system?

a) Nutrient absorption

b) Water absorption

c) Protein digestion

d) Fat digestion

Answer: b) Water absorption

17. Which of the following is not a component of the human cardiovascular system?

a) Heart

b) Lungs

c) Blood

d) Blood vessels

Answer: b) Lungs

18. Which process involves the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?

a) Active transport

b) Osmosis

c) Diffusion

d) Facilitated diffusion

Answer: c) Diffusion

19. What is the name of the process by which a cell divides into two identical daughter cells?

a) Meiosis

b) Mitosis

c) Binary fission

d) Budding

Answer: b) Mitosis

20. Which structure in the human brain is responsible for regulating balance and coordination?

a) Cerebrum

b) Medulla oblongata

c) Cerebellum

d) Hypothalamus

Answer: c) Cerebellum

21. Which biomolecule is primarily responsible for catalyzing chemical reactions in cells?

a) Lipids

b) Carbohydrates

c) Proteins

d) Nucleic acids

Answer: c) Proteins

22. In which part of the cell does glycolysis occur?

a) Mitochondria

b) Nucleus

c) Cytoplasm

d) Golgi apparatus

Answer: c) Cytoplasm

23. What is the term for the variety of different species in a given area?

a) Population

b) Community

c) Ecosystem

d) Biodiversity

Answer: d) Biodiversity

24. Which of the following processes results in genetic variation during sexual reproduction?

a) Binary fission

b) Mitosis

c) Meiosis

d) Asexual reproduction

Answer: c) Meiosis

25. Which type of RNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis?

a) rRNA

b) tRNA

c) mRNA

d) snRNA

Answer: c) mRNA

26. What is the main pigment involved in photosynthesis?

a) Carotene

b) Chlorophyll

c) Xanthophyll

d) Anthocyanin

Answer: b) Chlorophyll

27. Which part of the brain controls voluntary muscle movements?

a) Cerebellum

b) Brainstem

c) Cerebrum

d) Hippocampus

Answer: c) Cerebrum

28. What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

a) Energy production

b) Protein synthesis

c) DNA replication

d) Lipid synthesis

Answer: b) Protein synthesis

29. Which of the following is not a part of the central nervous system?

a) Brain

b) Spinal cord

c) Nerves

d) Meninges

Answer: c) Nerves

30. What is the term for the genetic makeup of an organism?

a) Phenotype

b) Genotype

c) Allele

d) Chromosome

Answer: b) Genotype

31. Which structure protects the lungs and assists in breathing?

a) Diaphragm

b) Rib cage

c) Trachea

d) Bronchi

Answer: b) Rib cage

32. What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

a) Energy production

b) Storage of nutrients

c) Photosynthesis

d) Protein synthesis

Answer: c) Photosynthesis

33. Which of the following is a polysaccharide?

a) Glucose

b) Fructose

c) Sucrose

d) Cellulose

Answer: d) Cellulose

34. What type of organism produces its own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis?

a) Heterotroph

b) Autotroph

c) Saprotroph

d) Parasite

Answer: b) Autotroph

35. What is the name of the protein that carries oxygen in the blood?

a) Myoglobin

b) Hemoglobin

c) Albumin

d) Fibrinogen

Answer: b) Hemoglobin

36. Which kingdom includes multicellular, photosynthetic organisms?

a) Animalia

b) Fungi

c) Plantae

d) Protista

Answer: c) Plantae

37. What is the process by which waste products are removed from the body?

a) Secretion

b) Filtration

c) Excretion

d) Absorption

Answer: c) Excretion

38. Which type of immunity is developed after exposure to a pathogen?

a) Innate immunity

b) Passive immunity

c) Adaptive immunity

d) Artificial immunity

Answer: c) Adaptive immunity

39. What structure in the kidney filters blood to form urine?

a) Nephron

b) Glomerulus

c) Ureter

d) Renal pelvis

Answer: a) Nephron

40. Which molecule acts as the main energy currency in cells?

a) ATP

b) ADP

c) NADH

d) FADH2

Answer: a) ATP

41. What type of symmetry do most animals exhibit?

a) Radial symmetry

b) Bilateral symmetry

c) Asymmetry

d) Spherical symmetry

Answer: b) Bilateral symmetry

42. Which cellular process results in the production of two genetically identical daughter cells?

a) Mitosis

b) Meiosis

c) Binary fission

d) Budding

Answer: a) Mitosis

43. Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the center of the cell?

a) Prophase

b) Metaphase

c) Anaphase

d) Telophase

Answer: b) Metaphase

44. What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

a) Circulate blood

b) Exchange gases

c) Digest food

d) Filter waste

Answer: b) Exchange gases

45. Which enzyme breaks down starch into simple sugars?

a) Lipase

b) Protease

c) Amylase

d) Nuclease

Answer: c) Amylase

46. What term describes the maintenance of a stable internal environment in an organism?

a) Metabolism

b) Homeostasis

c) Osmoregulation

d) Thermoregulation

Answer: b) Homeostasis

47. Which molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

a) mRNA

b) rRNA

c) tRNA

d) snRNA

Answer: c) tRNA

48. What is the main structural component of plant cell walls?

a) Starch

b) Cellulose

c) Chitin

d) Glycogen

Answer: b) Cellulose

49. Which part of the brain is involved in memory formation?

a) Cerebellum

b) Medulla oblongata

c) Hippocampus

d) Hypothalamus

Answer: c) Hippocampus

50. Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?

a) Vein

b) Artery

c) Capillary

d) Venule

Answer: b) Artery

51. What is the basic structural unit of a nucleic acid?

a) Amino acid

b) Nucleotide

c) Monosaccharide

d) Fatty acid

Answer: b) Nucleotide

52. Which of the following is not a type of connective tissue?

a) Bone

b) Blood

c) Muscle

d) Cartilage

Answer: c) Muscle

53. What is the main function of red blood cells?

a) Fight infections

b) Transport oxygen

c) Clot blood

d) Produce hormones

Answer: b) Transport oxygen

54. Which organ is primarily responsible for filtering toxins from the blood?

a) Kidney

b) Liver

c) Spleen

d) Pancreas

Answer: b) Liver

55. What is the term for the process by which plants lose water vapor through their leaves?

a) Transpiration

b) Respiration

c) Photosynthesis

d) Evaporation

Answer: a) Transpiration

56. Which type of muscle is found in the walls of internal organs and blood vessels?

a) Skeletal muscle

b) Cardiac muscle

c) Smooth muscle

d) Striated muscle

Answer: c) Smooth muscle

57. Which part of the cell contains the genetic material?

a) Nucleus

b) Ribosome

c) Mitochondria

d) Lysosome

Answer: a) Nucleus

58. What is the process by which cells obtain energy from glucose?

a) Photosynthesis

b) Cellular respiration

c) Fermentation

d) Chemosynthesis

Answer: b) Cellular respiration

59. Which organ is part of both the digestive and endocrine systems?

a) Liver

b) Stomach

c) Pancreas

d) Gallbladder

Answer: c) Pancreas

60. Which term refers to a change in the DNA sequence of an organism?

a) Mutation

b) Translation

c) Transcription

d) Replication

Answer: a) Mutation

61. Which process involves the conversion of nitrogen gas into ammonia?

a) Nitrification

b) Denitrification

c) Nitrogen fixation

d) Ammonification

Answer: c) Nitrogen fixation

62. What is the name of the protein found in hair and nails?

a) Keratin

b) Collagen

c) Elastin

d) Myosin

Answer: a) Keratin

63. Which part of the cell is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins?

a) Golgi apparatus

b) Endoplasmic reticulum

c) Ribosome

d) Lysosome

Answer: a) Golgi apparatus

64. What is the name of the process by which cells engulf large particles?

a) Pinocytosis

b) Phagocytosis

c) Exocytosis

d) Endocytosis

Answer: b) Phagocytosis

65. Which molecule is the primary carrier of genetic information?

a) RNA

b) Protein

c) DNA

d) Lipid

Answer: c) DNA

66. What is the role of the spleen in the human body?

a) Produce bile

b) Filter blood

c) Produce insulin

d) Absorb nutrients

Answer: b) Filter blood

67. Which structure allows for gas exchange in plant leaves?

a) Stomata

b) Chloroplast

c) Phloem

d) Xylem

Answer: a) Stomata

68. What is the term for programmed cell death?

a) Apoptosis

b) Necrosis

c) Cytolysis

d) Phagocytosis

Answer: a) Apoptosis

69. Which organ system is responsible for producing hormones?

a) Nervous system

b) Digestive system

c) Endocrine system

d) Respiratory system

Answer: c) Endocrine system

70. What type of macromolecule are enzymes?

a) Carbohydrates

b) Lipids

c) Proteins

d) Nucleic acids

Answer: c) Proteins

71. Which blood vessels have the thinnest walls?

a) Arteries

b) Veins

c) Capillaries

d) Venules

Answer: c) Capillaries

72. Which element is essential for the production of thyroid hormones?

a) Calcium

b) Iron

c) Iodine

d) Phosphorus

Answer: c) Iodine

73. What is the primary function of mitochondria in cells?

a) Protein synthesis

b) DNA replication

c) ATP production

d) Lipid storage

Answer: c) ATP production

74. Which of the following is a characteristic of all living organisms?

a) Movement

b) Photosynthesis

c) Growth

d) Multicellularity

Answer: c) Growth

75. What is the name of the process by which water moves across a selectively permeable membrane?

a) Diffusion

b) Osmosis

c) Active transport

d) Facilitated diffusion

Answer: b) Osmosis

76. Which vitamin is produced when the skin is exposed to sunlight?

a) Vitamin A

b) Vitamin C

c) Vitamin D

d) Vitamin K

Answer: c) Vitamin D

77. What is the main function of the lymphatic system?

a) Transport oxygen

b) Produce enzymes

c) Return interstitial fluid to the bloodstream

d) Regulate body temperature

Answer: c) Return interstitial fluid to the bloodstream

78. Which molecule is required for the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

a) Oxygen

b) Water

c) Carbon dioxide

d) Glucose

Answer: c) Carbon dioxide

79. Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of lipids?

a) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

b) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

c) Mitochondria

d) Nucleus

Answer: b) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

80. What is the main role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

a) Capture light energy

b) Transport electrons

c) Synthesize glucose

d) Release oxygen

Answer: a) Capture light energy

General Biology MCQs

BioTechnology MCQs

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