1. Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
a) Nucleus
b) Ribosome
c) Mitochondria
d) Endoplasmic Reticulum
Answer: c) Mitochondria
2. What is the basic unit of life?
a) Atom
b) Molecule
c) Cell
d) Tissue
Answer: c) Cell
3. Which of the following is a prokaryotic organism?
a) Fungi
b) Algae
c) Bacteria
d) Plants
Answer: c) Bacteria
4. DNA stands for:
a) Deoxyribonucleic Acid
b) Deoxyribonitrous Acid
c) Deoxyribogenetic Acid
d) Deoxyribonitrogenous Acid
Answer: a) Deoxyribonucleic Acid
5. Which part of the cell is responsible for controlling the cell’s activities?
a) Cytoplasm
b) Nucleus
c) Mitochondria
d) Cell membrane
Answer: b) Nucleus
6. Which of the following is a primary producer in a food chain?
a) Herbivores
b) Carnivores
c) Plants
d) Decomposers
Answer: c) Plants
7. What is the process by which plants make their food using sunlight?
a) Respiration
b) Digestion
c) Photosynthesis
d) Fermentation
Answer: c) Photosynthesis
8. Which macromolecule is the main source of energy for living organisms?
a) Lipids
b) Proteins
c) Carbohydrates
d) Nucleic acids
Answer: c) Carbohydrates
9. Which of the following organisms have a backbone?
a) Invertebrates
b) Arthropods
c) Vertebrates
d) Mollusks
Answer: c) Vertebrates
10. What type of blood cells are primarily responsible for fighting infections?
a) Red blood cells
b) White blood cells
c) Platelets
d) Plasma
Answer: b) White blood cells
11. Which gas do plants take in for photosynthesis?
a) Oxygen
b) Nitrogen
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Hydrogen
Answer: c) Carbon dioxide
12. What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?
a) Ionic bonds
b) Hydrogen bonds
c) Covalent bonds
d) Metallic bonds
Answer: b) Hydrogen bonds
13. Which part of the plant is responsible for water and nutrient absorption?
a) Leaves
b) Stem
c) Roots
d) Flowers
Answer: c) Roots
14. What is the term for a group of similar cells that perform a specific function?
a) Organ
b) Tissue
c) Organ system
d) Organism
Answer: b) Tissue
15. Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels?
a) Adrenaline
b) Insulin
c) Thyroxine
d) Estrogen
Answer: b) Insulin
16. What is the main function of the large intestine in the digestive system?
a) Nutrient absorption
b) Water absorption
c) Protein digestion
d) Fat digestion
Answer: b) Water absorption
17. Which of the following is not a component of the human cardiovascular system?
a) Heart
b) Lungs
c) Blood
d) Blood vessels
Answer: b) Lungs
18. Which process involves the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?
a) Active transport
b) Osmosis
c) Diffusion
d) Facilitated diffusion
Answer: c) Diffusion
19. What is the name of the process by which a cell divides into two identical daughter cells?
a) Meiosis
b) Mitosis
c) Binary fission
d) Budding
Answer: b) Mitosis
20. Which structure in the human brain is responsible for regulating balance and coordination?
a) Cerebrum
b) Medulla oblongata
c) Cerebellum
d) Hypothalamus
Answer: c) Cerebellum
21. Which biomolecule is primarily responsible for catalyzing chemical reactions in cells?
a) Lipids
b) Carbohydrates
c) Proteins
d) Nucleic acids
Answer: c) Proteins
22. In which part of the cell does glycolysis occur?
a) Mitochondria
b) Nucleus
c) Cytoplasm
d) Golgi apparatus
Answer: c) Cytoplasm
23. What is the term for the variety of different species in a given area?
a) Population
b) Community
c) Ecosystem
d) Biodiversity
Answer: d) Biodiversity
24. Which of the following processes results in genetic variation during sexual reproduction?
a) Binary fission
b) Mitosis
c) Meiosis
d) Asexual reproduction
Answer: c) Meiosis
25. Which type of RNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis?
a) rRNA
b) tRNA
c) mRNA
d) snRNA
Answer: c) mRNA
26. What is the main pigment involved in photosynthesis?
a) Carotene
b) Chlorophyll
c) Xanthophyll
d) Anthocyanin
Answer: b) Chlorophyll
27. Which part of the brain controls voluntary muscle movements?
a) Cerebellum
b) Brainstem
c) Cerebrum
d) Hippocampus
Answer: c) Cerebrum
28. What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?
a) Energy production
b) Protein synthesis
c) DNA replication
d) Lipid synthesis
Answer: b) Protein synthesis
29. Which of the following is not a part of the central nervous system?
a) Brain
b) Spinal cord
c) Nerves
d) Meninges
Answer: c) Nerves
30. What is the term for the genetic makeup of an organism?
a) Phenotype
b) Genotype
c) Allele
d) Chromosome
Answer: b) Genotype
31. Which structure protects the lungs and assists in breathing?
a) Diaphragm
b) Rib cage
c) Trachea
d) Bronchi
Answer: b) Rib cage
32. What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?
a) Energy production
b) Storage of nutrients
c) Photosynthesis
d) Protein synthesis
Answer: c) Photosynthesis
33. Which of the following is a polysaccharide?
a) Glucose
b) Fructose
c) Sucrose
d) Cellulose
Answer: d) Cellulose
34. What type of organism produces its own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis?
a) Heterotroph
b) Autotroph
c) Saprotroph
d) Parasite
Answer: b) Autotroph
35. What is the name of the protein that carries oxygen in the blood?
a) Myoglobin
b) Hemoglobin
c) Albumin
d) Fibrinogen
Answer: b) Hemoglobin
36. Which kingdom includes multicellular, photosynthetic organisms?
a) Animalia
b) Fungi
c) Plantae
d) Protista
Answer: c) Plantae
37. What is the process by which waste products are removed from the body?
a) Secretion
b) Filtration
c) Excretion
d) Absorption
Answer: c) Excretion
38. Which type of immunity is developed after exposure to a pathogen?
a) Innate immunity
b) Passive immunity
c) Adaptive immunity
d) Artificial immunity
Answer: c) Adaptive immunity
39. What structure in the kidney filters blood to form urine?
a) Nephron
b) Glomerulus
c) Ureter
d) Renal pelvis
Answer: a) Nephron
40. Which molecule acts as the main energy currency in cells?
a) ATP
b) ADP
c) NADH
d) FADH2
Answer: a) ATP
41. What type of symmetry do most animals exhibit?
a) Radial symmetry
b) Bilateral symmetry
c) Asymmetry
d) Spherical symmetry
Answer: b) Bilateral symmetry
42. Which cellular process results in the production of two genetically identical daughter cells?
a) Mitosis
b) Meiosis
c) Binary fission
d) Budding
Answer: a) Mitosis
43. Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the center of the cell?
a) Prophase
b) Metaphase
c) Anaphase
d) Telophase
Answer: b) Metaphase
44. What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
a) Circulate blood
b) Exchange gases
c) Digest food
d) Filter waste
Answer: b) Exchange gases
45. Which enzyme breaks down starch into simple sugars?
a) Lipase
b) Protease
c) Amylase
d) Nuclease
Answer: c) Amylase
46. What term describes the maintenance of a stable internal environment in an organism?
a) Metabolism
b) Homeostasis
c) Osmoregulation
d) Thermoregulation
Answer: b) Homeostasis
47. Which molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?
a) mRNA
b) rRNA
c) tRNA
d) snRNA
Answer: c) tRNA
48. What is the main structural component of plant cell walls?
a) Starch
b) Cellulose
c) Chitin
d) Glycogen
Answer: b) Cellulose
49. Which part of the brain is involved in memory formation?
a) Cerebellum
b) Medulla oblongata
c) Hippocampus
d) Hypothalamus
Answer: c) Hippocampus
50. Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
a) Vein
b) Artery
c) Capillary
d) Venule
Answer: b) Artery
51. What is the basic structural unit of a nucleic acid?
a) Amino acid
b) Nucleotide
c) Monosaccharide
d) Fatty acid
Answer: b) Nucleotide
52. Which of the following is not a type of connective tissue?
a) Bone
b) Blood
c) Muscle
d) Cartilage
Answer: c) Muscle
53. What is the main function of red blood cells?
a) Fight infections
b) Transport oxygen
c) Clot blood
d) Produce hormones
Answer: b) Transport oxygen
54. Which organ is primarily responsible for filtering toxins from the blood?
a) Kidney
b) Liver
c) Spleen
d) Pancreas
Answer: b) Liver
55. What is the term for the process by which plants lose water vapor through their leaves?
a) Transpiration
b) Respiration
c) Photosynthesis
d) Evaporation
Answer: a) Transpiration
56. Which type of muscle is found in the walls of internal organs and blood vessels?
a) Skeletal muscle
b) Cardiac muscle
c) Smooth muscle
d) Striated muscle
Answer: c) Smooth muscle
57. Which part of the cell contains the genetic material?
a) Nucleus
b) Ribosome
c) Mitochondria
d) Lysosome
Answer: a) Nucleus
58. What is the process by which cells obtain energy from glucose?
a) Photosynthesis
b) Cellular respiration
c) Fermentation
d) Chemosynthesis
Answer: b) Cellular respiration
59. Which organ is part of both the digestive and endocrine systems?
a) Liver
b) Stomach
c) Pancreas
d) Gallbladder
Answer: c) Pancreas
60. Which term refers to a change in the DNA sequence of an organism?
a) Mutation
b) Translation
c) Transcription
d) Replication
Answer: a) Mutation
61. Which process involves the conversion of nitrogen gas into ammonia?
a) Nitrification
b) Denitrification
c) Nitrogen fixation
d) Ammonification
Answer: c) Nitrogen fixation
62. What is the name of the protein found in hair and nails?
a) Keratin
b) Collagen
c) Elastin
d) Myosin
Answer: a) Keratin
63. Which part of the cell is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins?
a) Golgi apparatus
b) Endoplasmic reticulum
c) Ribosome
d) Lysosome
Answer: a) Golgi apparatus
64. What is the name of the process by which cells engulf large particles?
a) Pinocytosis
b) Phagocytosis
c) Exocytosis
d) Endocytosis
Answer: b) Phagocytosis
65. Which molecule is the primary carrier of genetic information?
a) RNA
b) Protein
c) DNA
d) Lipid
Answer: c) DNA
66. What is the role of the spleen in the human body?
a) Produce bile
b) Filter blood
c) Produce insulin
d) Absorb nutrients
Answer: b) Filter blood
67. Which structure allows for gas exchange in plant leaves?
a) Stomata
b) Chloroplast
c) Phloem
d) Xylem
Answer: a) Stomata
68. What is the term for programmed cell death?
a) Apoptosis
b) Necrosis
c) Cytolysis
d) Phagocytosis
Answer: a) Apoptosis
69. Which organ system is responsible for producing hormones?
a) Nervous system
b) Digestive system
c) Endocrine system
d) Respiratory system
Answer: c) Endocrine system
70. What type of macromolecule are enzymes?
a) Carbohydrates
b) Lipids
c) Proteins
d) Nucleic acids
Answer: c) Proteins
71. Which blood vessels have the thinnest walls?
a) Arteries
b) Veins
c) Capillaries
d) Venules
Answer: c) Capillaries
72. Which element is essential for the production of thyroid hormones?
a) Calcium
b) Iron
c) Iodine
d) Phosphorus
Answer: c) Iodine
73. What is the primary function of mitochondria in cells?
a) Protein synthesis
b) DNA replication
c) ATP production
d) Lipid storage
Answer: c) ATP production
74. Which of the following is a characteristic of all living organisms?
a) Movement
b) Photosynthesis
c) Growth
d) Multicellularity
Answer: c) Growth
75. What is the name of the process by which water moves across a selectively permeable membrane?
a) Diffusion
b) Osmosis
c) Active transport
d) Facilitated diffusion
Answer: b) Osmosis
76. Which vitamin is produced when the skin is exposed to sunlight?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin C
c) Vitamin D
d) Vitamin K
Answer: c) Vitamin D
77. What is the main function of the lymphatic system?
a) Transport oxygen
b) Produce enzymes
c) Return interstitial fluid to the bloodstream
d) Regulate body temperature
Answer: c) Return interstitial fluid to the bloodstream
78. Which molecule is required for the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?
a) Oxygen
b) Water
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Glucose
Answer: c) Carbon dioxide
79. Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of lipids?
a) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
b) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
c) Mitochondria
d) Nucleus
Answer: b) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
80. What is the main role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
a) Capture light energy
b) Transport electrons
c) Synthesize glucose
d) Release oxygen
Answer: a) Capture light energy
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