General Biology MCQs

1. Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell? a) Nucleus b) Ribosome c) Mitochondria d) Endoplasmic Reticulum Answer: c) Mitochondria 2. What is the basic unit of life? a) Atom b) Molecule c) Cell d) Tissue Answer: c) Cell 3. Which of the following is a prokaryotic organism? a) Fungi b) Algae c) Bacteria d) Plants Answer: c) Bacteria 4. DNA stands for: a) Deoxyribonucleic Acid b) Deoxyribonitrous Acid c) Deoxyribogenetic Acid d) Deoxyribonitrogenous Acid Answer: a) Deoxyribonucleic Acid 5. Which part of the cell is responsible for controlling the cell’s activities? a) Cytoplasm b) Nucleus c) Mitochondria d) Cell membrane Answer: b) Nucleus 6. Which of the following is a primary producer in a food chain? a) Herbivores b) Carnivores c) Plants d) Decomposers Answer: c) Plants 7. What is the process by which plants make their food using sunlight? a) Respiration b) Digestion c) Photosynthesis d) Fermentation Answer: c) Photosynthesis 8. Which macromolecule is the main source of energy for living organisms? a) Lipids b) Proteins c) Carbohydrates d) Nucleic acids Answer: c) Carbohydrates 9. Which of the following organisms have a backbone? a) Invertebrates b) Arthropods c) Vertebrates d) Mollusks Answer: c) Vertebrates 10. What type of blood cells are primarily responsible for fighting infections? a) Red blood cells b) White blood cells c) Platelets d) Plasma Answer: b) White blood cells 11. Which gas do plants take in for photosynthesis? a) Oxygen b) Nitrogen c) Carbon dioxide d) Hydrogen Answer: c) Carbon dioxide 12. What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together? a) Ionic bonds b) Hydrogen bonds c) Covalent bonds d) Metallic bonds Answer: b) Hydrogen bonds 13. Which part of the plant is responsible for water and nutrient absorption? a) Leaves b) Stem c) Roots d) Flowers Answer: c) Roots 14. What is the term for a group of similar cells that perform a specific function? a) Organ b) Tissue c) Organ system d) Organism Answer: b) Tissue 15. Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels? a) Adrenaline b) Insulin c) Thyroxine d) Estrogen Answer: b) Insulin 16. What is the main function of the large intestine in the digestive system? a) Nutrient absorption b) Water absorption c) Protein digestion d) Fat digestion Answer: b) Water absorption 17. Which of the following is not a component of the human cardiovascular system? a) Heart b) Lungs c) Blood d) Blood vessels Answer: b) Lungs 18. Which process involves the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration? a) Active transport b) Osmosis c) Diffusion d) Facilitated diffusion Answer: c) Diffusion 19. What is the name of the process by which a cell divides into two identical daughter cells? a) Meiosis b) Mitosis c) Binary fission d) Budding Answer: b) Mitosis 20. Which structure in the human brain is responsible for regulating balance and coordination? a) Cerebrum b) Medulla oblongata c) Cerebellum d) Hypothalamus Answer: c) Cerebellum 21. Which biomolecule is primarily responsible for catalyzing chemical reactions in cells? a) Lipids b) Carbohydrates c) Proteins d) Nucleic acids Answer: c) Proteins 22. In which part of the cell does glycolysis occur? a) Mitochondria b) Nucleus c) Cytoplasm d) Golgi apparatus Answer: c) Cytoplasm 23. What is the term for the variety of different species in a given area? a) Population b) Community c) Ecosystem d) Biodiversity Answer: d) Biodiversity 24. Which of the following processes results in genetic variation during sexual reproduction? a) Binary fission b) Mitosis c) Meiosis d) Asexual reproduction Answer: c) Meiosis 25. Which type of RNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis? a) rRNA b) tRNA c) mRNA d) snRNA Answer: c) mRNA 26. What is the main pigment involved in photosynthesis? a) Carotene b) Chlorophyll c) Xanthophyll d) Anthocyanin Answer: b) Chlorophyll 27. Which part of the brain controls voluntary muscle movements? a) Cerebellum b) Brainstem c) Cerebrum d) Hippocampus Answer: c) Cerebrum 28. What is the function of ribosomes in a cell? a) Energy production b) Protein synthesis c) DNA replication d) Lipid synthesis Answer: b) Protein synthesis 29. Which of the following is not a part of the central nervous system? a) Brain b) Spinal cord c) Nerves d) Meninges Answer: c) Nerves 30. What is the term for the genetic makeup of an organism? a) Phenotype b) Genotype c) Allele d) Chromosome Answer: b) Genotype 31. Which structure protects the lungs and assists in breathing? a) Diaphragm b) Rib cage c) Trachea d) Bronchi Answer: b) Rib cage 32. What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells? a) Energy production b) Storage of nutrients c) Photosynthesis d) Protein synthesis Answer: c) Photosynthesis 33. Which of the following is a polysaccharide? a) Glucose b) Fructose c) Sucrose d) Cellulose Answer: d) Cellulose 34. What type of organism produces its own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis? a) Heterotroph b) Autotroph c) Saprotroph d) Parasite Answer: b) Autotroph 35. What is the name of the protein that carries oxygen in the blood? a) Myoglobin b) Hemoglobin c) Albumin d) Fibrinogen Answer: b) Hemoglobin 36. Which kingdom includes multicellular, photosynthetic organisms? a) Animalia b) Fungi c) Plantae d) Protista Answer: c) Plantae 37. What is the process by which waste products are removed from the body? a) Secretion b) Filtration c) Excretion d) Absorption Answer: c) Excretion 38. Which type of immunity is developed after exposure to a pathogen? a) Innate immunity b) Passive immunity c) Adaptive immunity d) Artificial immunity Answer: c) Adaptive immunity 39. What structure in the kidney filters blood to form urine? a) Nephron b) Glomerulus c) Ureter d) Renal pelvis Answer: a) Nephron 40. Which molecule acts as the main energy currency in cells? a) ATP b) ADP c) NADH d) FADH2 Answer: a) ATP 41. What type of symmetry do most animals exhibit? a) Radial symmetry b) Bilateral symmetry c) Asymmetry d) Spherical symmetry Answer: b) Bilateral symmetry 42. Which cellular process results in the production of two genetically identical daughter cells? a) Mitosis b) Meiosis c) Binary fission d) Budding Answer: a) Mitosis 43. Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the center of the cell? a) Prophase b) Metaphase c) Anaphase d) Telophase Answer: b) Metaphase 44. What is the primary function of the respiratory system? a) Circulate blood b) Exchange gases c) Digest food d) Filter waste Answer: b) Exchange gases 45. Which enzyme breaks down starch into simple sugars? a) Lipase b) Protease c) Amylase d) Nuclease Answer: c) Amylase 46. What term describes the maintenance of a stable internal environment in an organism? a) Metabolism b) Homeostasis c) Osmoregulation d) Thermoregulation Answer: b) Homeostasis 47. Which molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis? a) mRNA b) rRNA c) tRNA d) snRNA Answer: c) tRNA 48. What is the main structural component of plant cell walls? a) Starch b) Cellulose c) Chitin d) Glycogen Answer: b) Cellulose 49. Which part of the brain is involved in memory formation? a) Cerebellum b) Medulla oblongata c) Hippocampus d) Hypothalamus Answer: c) Hippocampus 50. Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart? a) Vein b) Artery c) Capillary d) Venule Answer: b) Artery 51. What is the basic structural unit of a nucleic acid? a) Amino acid b) Nucleotide c) Monosaccharide d) Fatty acid Answer: b) Nucleotide 52. Which of the following is not a type of connective tissue? a) Bone b) Blood c) Muscle d) Cartilage Answer: c) Muscle 53. What is the main function of red blood cells? a) Fight infections b) Transport oxygen c) Clot blood d) Produce hormones Answer: b) Transport oxygen 54. Which organ is primarily responsible for filtering toxins from the blood? a) Kidney b) Liver c) Spleen d) Pancreas Answer: b) Liver 55. What is the term for the process by which plants lose water vapor through their leaves? a) Transpiration b) Respiration c) Photosynthesis d) Evaporation Answer: a) Transpiration 56. Which type of muscle is found in the walls of internal organs and blood vessels? a) Skeletal muscle b) Cardiac muscle c) Smooth muscle d) Striated muscle Answer: c) Smooth muscle 57. Which part of the cell contains the genetic material? a) Nucleus b) Ribosome c) Mitochondria d) Lysosome Answer: a) Nucleus 58. What is the process by which cells obtain energy from glucose? a) Photosynthesis b) Cellular respiration c) Fermentation d) Chemosynthesis Answer: b) Cellular respiration 59. Which organ is part of both the digestive and endocrine systems? a) Liver b) Stomach c) Pancreas d) Gallbladder Answer: c) Pancreas 60. Which term refers to a change in the DNA sequence of an organism? a) Mutation b) Translation c) Transcription d) Replication Answer: a) Mutation 61. Which process involves the conversion of nitrogen gas into ammonia? a) Nitrification b) Denitrification c) Nitrogen fixation d) Ammonification Answer: c) Nitrogen fixation 62. What is the name of the protein found in hair and nails? a) Keratin b) Collagen c) Elastin d) Myosin Answer: a) Keratin 63. Which part of the cell is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins? a) Golgi apparatus b) Endoplasmic reticulum c) Ribosome d) Lysosome Answer: a) Golgi apparatus 64. What is the name of the process by which cells engulf large particles? a) Pinocytosis b) Phagocytosis c) Exocytosis d) Endocytosis Answer: b) Phagocytosis 65. Which molecule is the primary carrier of genetic information? a) RNA b) Protein c) DNA d) Lipid Answer: c) DNA 66. What is the role of the spleen in the human body? a) Produce bile b) Filter blood c) Produce insulin d) Absorb nutrients Answer: b) Filter blood 67. Which structure allows for gas exchange in plant leaves? a) Stomata b) Chloroplast c) Phloem d) Xylem Answer: a) Stomata 68. What is the term for programmed cell death? a) Apoptosis b) Necrosis c) Cytolysis d) Phagocytosis Answer: a) Apoptosis 69. Which organ system is responsible for producing hormones? a) Nervous system b) Digestive system c) Endocrine system d) Respiratory system Answer: c) Endocrine system 70. What type of macromolecule are enzymes? a) Carbohydrates b) Lipids c) Proteins d) Nucleic acids Answer: c) Proteins 71. Which blood vessels have the thinnest walls? a) Arteries b) Veins c) Capillaries d) Venules Answer: c) Capillaries 72. Which element is essential for the production of thyroid hormones? a) Calcium b) Iron c) Iodine d) Phosphorus Answer: c) Iodine 73. What is the primary function of mitochondria in cells? a) Protein synthesis b) DNA replication c) ATP production d) Lipid storage Answer: c) ATP production 74. Which of the following is a characteristic of all living organisms? a) Movement b) Photosynthesis c) Growth d) Multicellularity Answer: c) Growth 75. What is the name of the process by which water moves across a selectively permeable membrane? a) Diffusion b) Osmosis c) Active transport d) Facilitated diffusion Answer: b) Osmosis 76. Which vitamin is produced when the skin is exposed to sunlight? a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin C c) Vitamin D d) Vitamin K Answer: c) Vitamin D 77. What is the main function of the lymphatic system? a) Transport oxygen b) Produce enzymes c) Return interstitial fluid to the bloodstream d) Regulate body temperature Answer: c) Return interstitial fluid to the bloodstream 78. Which molecule is required for the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis? a) Oxygen b) Water c) Carbon dioxide d) Glucose Answer: c) Carbon dioxide 79. Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of lipids? a) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum b) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum c) Mitochondria d) Nucleus Answer: b) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum 80. What is the main role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis? a) Capture light energy b) Transport electrons c) Synthesize glucose d) Release oxygen Answer: a) Capture light energy

General Biology MCQs

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