Radiation Physics MCQs

What is the unit of radiation dose equivalent?
- A) Gray (Gy)
- B) Sievert (Sv)
- C) Becquerel (Bq)
- D) Roentgen (R)
Which of the following describes the decay of a radioactive substance?
- A) Exponential decay
- B) Linear decay
- C) Quadratic decay
- D) Logarithmic decay
What type of radiation consists of helium nuclei?
- A) Beta radiation
- B) Gamma radiation
- C) Alpha radiation
- D) X-rays
In radiation physics, what does the term “half-life” refer to?
- A) The time it takes for all radioactive atoms to decay
- B) The time required for half of the radioactive atoms to decay
- C) The time it takes for radiation to become harmless
- D) The time until the next decay event occurs
Which type of radiation has the highest penetration power?
- A) Gamma radiation
- B) Alpha radiation
- C) Beta radiation
- D) Neutron radiation
What is the primary source of background radiation for humans?
- A) Medical X-rays
- B) Cosmic rays
- C) Radon gas
- D) Nuclear power plants
Which device is used to measure ionizing radiation?
- A) Thermometer
- B) Geiger-Muller counter
- C) Barometer
- D) Spectrophotometer
What is the main interaction of X-rays with matter?
- A) Photoelectric effect
- B) Bremsstrahlung
- C) Pair production
- D) Rayleigh scattering
What is the term for the amount of energy deposited per unit length by ionizing radiation in a material?
- A) Linear energy transfer (LET)
- B) Dose rate
- C) Exposure
- D) Radiation quality
Which of the following has the lowest mass and charge?
- A) Alpha particle
- B) Beta particle
- C) Neutron
- D) Proton
What is the purpose of a lead shield in radiation physics?
- A) To absorb and block radiation
- B) To enhance radiation quality
- C) To amplify radiation signals
- D) To measure radiation levels
What type of radiation is emitted during beta decay?
- A) Alpha particles
- B) Beta particles (electrons or positrons)
- C) Gamma rays
- D) X-rays
What is the role of a dosimeter?
- A) To deliver radiation
- B) To measure the dose of radiation exposure
- C) To shield against radiation
- D) To generate radiation
Which of the following is true about gamma radiation?
- A) It has a positive charge.
- B) It has a significant mass.
- C) It is highly penetrating and requires dense materials for shielding.
- D) It is easily stopped by air.
What principle does the inverse square law relate to?
- A) Temperature and pressure
- B) Radiation intensity and distance from the source
- C) Energy and mass
- D) Force and acceleration
In nuclear reactions, what does the term “fission” refer to?
- A) The combining of two nuclei
- B) The splitting of a nucleus into smaller parts
- C) The emission of alpha particles
- D) The decay of radioactive materials
What is the main advantage of using high-energy radiation in cancer treatment?
- A) It can target and kill cancer cells more effectively.
- B) It has no side effects.
- C) It enhances healthy tissue growth.
- D) It increases radiation exposure to the patient.
What is the common use of a scintillation detector?
- A) To shield against radiation
- B) To measure non-ionizing radiation
- C) To detect and measure ionizing radiation
- D) To generate radiation
Which radiation type is most harmful to biological tissues?
- A) Alpha radiation
- B) Beta radiation
- C) Gamma radiation
- D) Neutron radiation
What happens during pair production?
- A) A photon is absorbed
- B) A photon converts into an electron-positron pair
- C) An electron is emitted
- D) A nucleus splits
Which of the following is a characteristic of beta particles?
- A) They have a positive charge.
- B) They can be either negatively or positively charged.
- C) They have a large mass.
- D) They are not ionizing.
What does the term “radiation weighting factor” (WR) represent?
- A) The amount of energy deposited
- B) The biological effect of different types of radiation
- C) The intensity of radiation
- D) The duration of exposure
What is a common biological effect of radiation exposure?
- A) Enhanced cell repair
- B) Cellular damage or death
- C) Increased growth rate
- D) Improved immune response
In radiation therapy, what is the purpose of fractionation?
- A) To deliver all doses at once
- B) To minimize damage to healthy tissues while maximizing tumor destruction
- C) To increase the total dose
- D) To shorten treatment duration
What is the energy range of X-rays typically used in medical imaging?
- A) 1-10 eV
- B) 10 keV to 150 keV
- C) 1-10 MeV
- D) 100 MeV and above
Which of the following describes the use of ionizing radiation?
- A) Used in medical imaging and therapy
- B) Used for heating food
- C) Used for visible light applications
- D) Used in sound wave therapy
What is the primary method for shielding against alpha particles?
- A) Lead
- B) Paper or clothing
- C) Concrete
- D) Steel
Which particle is produced in nuclear fission reactions?
- A) Neutrons
- B) Alpha particles
- C) Beta particles
- D) Protons
What is the main benefit of using neutron radiation in therapy?
- A) It has a higher biological effectiveness compared to other forms of radiation.
- B) It causes less damage to tumors.
- C) It is less expensive.
- D) It is easier to generate.
What is the primary purpose of radiation safety measures?
- A) To enhance image quality
- B) To protect individuals from unnecessary radiation exposure
- C) To increase radiation levels
- D) To improve the efficacy of treatments

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