Radiation interaction with matter MCQs

What is the primary interaction of X-rays with matter?
- A) Photoelectric effect
- B) Compton scattering
- C) Pair production
- D) Rayleigh scattering
Which of the following interactions is most likely to occur at low energies?
- A) Compton scattering
- B) Pair production
- C) Photoelectric effect
- D) Photon transmission
What happens during Compton scattering?
- A) An incident photon transfers energy to a loosely bound electron, resulting in a lower energy photon and an ejected electron
- B) An incident photon is completely absorbed by the atom
- C) A photon is emitted from the nucleus
- D) An electron and positron are produced
Which interaction predominates for high-energy photons (above 1.022 MeV)?
- A) Pair production
- B) Photoelectric effect
- C) Compton scattering
- D) Rayleigh scattering
What is the effect of atomic number (Z) on the photoelectric effect?
- A) Decreases with increasing Z
- B) Increases with increasing Z
- C) No effect
- D) Decreases with decreasing Z
In which type of material is the photoelectric effect most likely to occur?
- A) Low atomic number materials
- B) High atomic number materials
- C) Gases
- D) Liquids
What is the result of pair production?
- A) Creation of an electron-positron pair
- B) Emission of a photon
- C) Transfer of energy to an atom
- D) Scattering of a photon
What type of radiation is primarily involved in ionization of atoms?
- A) Non-ionizing radiation
- B) Ionizing radiation
- C) Ultraviolet radiation
- D) Visible light
Which interaction occurs predominantly with soft tissues in medical imaging?
- A) Compton scattering
- B) Pair production
- C) Photoelectric effect
- D) Rayleigh scattering
What is the energy threshold for pair production to occur?
- A) 0.511 MeV
- B) 1.022 MeV
- C) 2.0 MeV
- D) 5.0 MeV
Which interaction is responsible for the scattering of X-rays in diagnostic radiology?
- A) Photoelectric effect
- B) Compton scattering
- C) Pair production
- D) Rayleigh scattering
What is Rayleigh scattering?
- A) Absorption of X-rays
- B) Elastic scattering of photons without energy loss
- C) Inelastic scattering with energy transfer
- D) Emission of secondary radiation
What happens to the energy of a photon during the photoelectric effect?
- A) It is completely transmitted
- B) It is absorbed by the atom
- C) It is scattered
- D) It is converted into kinetic energy
What is the consequence of radiation interaction with matter on biological tissues?
- A) No effect
- B) Potential ionization and damage to cells
- C) Increased tissue density
- D) Increased healing
How does the thickness of a material affect radiation transmission?
- A) Thicker materials always transmit more radiation
- B) Increased thickness generally decreases transmission
- C) Thickness has no effect
- D) Thicker materials absorb all radiation
Which type of radiation interaction results in the emission of secondary photons?
- A) Photoelectric effect
- B) Compton scattering
- C) Pair production
- D) Rayleigh scattering
What is the term for the reduction in intensity of radiation as it passes through matter?
- A) Reflection
- B) Attenuation
- C) Refraction
- D) Dispersion
What factor significantly influences the probability of the photoelectric effect occurring?
- A) Energy of the photon
- B) Atomic number of the absorber
- C) Thickness of the material
- D) Type of radiation
In which scenario is pair production most likely to occur?
- A) Low-energy photon interactions
- B) High-energy photon interactions near a nucleus
- C) Medium-energy photon interactions
- D) All energy levels equally
What is the relationship between photon energy and the likelihood of Compton scattering?
- A) Higher energy photons have a lower probability of Compton scattering
- B) No relationship
- C) Lower energy photons scatter more
- D) All energies are equally probable
Which interaction is least likely to occur in low-density materials like air?
- A) Photoelectric effect
- B) Compton scattering
- C) Pair production
- D) Rayleigh scattering
What type of photon interaction primarily contributes to image formation in radiography?
- A) Pair production
- B) Photoelectric effect
- C) Compton scattering
- D) All interactions equally
What is the main mechanism for the attenuation of gamma rays in body tissues?
- A) Compton scattering and photoelectric effect
- B) Pair production only
- C) Rayleigh scattering only
- D) Transmission
What happens to the energy of a photon after it undergoes Compton scattering?
- A) It is reduced
- B) It remains the same
- C) It is doubled
- D) It is eliminated
How do higher atomic number materials affect radiation interactions?
- A) They decrease the likelihood of interactions
- B) They increase the likelihood of the photoelectric effect
- C) They have no effect
- D) They only affect neutron interactions
What is the dominant interaction of X-rays in soft tissue?
- A) Pair production
- B) Compton scattering
- C) Photoelectric effect
- D) Rayleigh scattering
In radiation therapy, which interaction is primarily targeted to kill tumor cells?
- A) Compton scattering
- B) Photoelectric effect
- C) Pair production
- D) Rayleigh scattering
What effect does increasing photon energy have on the probability of the photoelectric effect?
- A) Decreases probability
- B) Increases probability
- C) No effect
- D) Increases the likelihood of Compton scattering
Which property of matter affects how much radiation is absorbed?
- A) Color
- B) Density
- C) Shape
- D) Temperature
What is the primary outcome of radiation interacting with biological tissue?
- A) Cell damage or death
- B) Cell regeneration
- C) Increased nutrient absorption
- D) Enhanced cell growth

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