Ecology MCQs

1. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?
a) Solar energy
b) Wind energy
c) Fossil fuels
d) Hydroelectric power
Answer: c) Fossil fuels

2. The greenhouse effect is caused primarily by which gas?
a) Oxygen
b) Nitrogen
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Helium
Answer: c) Carbon dioxide

3. Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?
a) Troposphere
b) Stratosphere
c) Mesosphere
d) Thermosphere
Answer: b) Stratosphere

4. What is the main cause of global warming?
a) Increase in oxygen levels
b) Decrease in carbon dioxide levels
c) Increase in greenhouse gases
d) Decrease in greenhouse gases
Answer: c) Increase in greenhouse gases

5. Acid rain is primarily caused by the emission of which gases?
a) Carbon dioxide and methane
b) Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
c) Oxygen and hydrogen
d) Argon and neon
Answer: b) Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides

6. Which of the following is a biodegradable waste?
a) Plastic
b) Glass
c) Paper
d) Metal
Answer: c) Paper

7. Deforestation leads to which of the following?
a) Soil erosion
b) Increased rainfall
c) Decreased global temperatures
d) Increased wildlife population
Answer: a) Soil erosion

8. The primary source of water pollution is:
a) Industrial waste
b) Wind erosion
c) Natural disasters
d) Animal waste
Answer: a) Industrial waste

9. The term “biodiversity” refers to:
a) The number of different ecosystems
b) The variety of life forms in a habitat
c) The number of endangered species
d) The genetic uniformity of species
Answer: b) The variety of life forms in a habitat

10. Which of the following is an example of an invasive species?
a) Dodo bird
b) Kangaroo
c) Zebra mussel
d) Panda
Answer: c) Zebra mussel

11. What is the primary purpose of the Kyoto Protocol?
a) To reduce greenhouse gas emissions
b) To protect endangered species
c) To promote renewable energy
d) To prevent deforestation
Answer: a) To reduce greenhouse gas emissions

12. Eutrophication is caused by an excess of:
a) Oxygen
b) Nutrients
c) Sulfur
d) Pesticides
Answer: b) Nutrients

13. The largest source of methane emissions is:
a) Landfills
b) Rice paddies
c) Fossil fuels
d) Livestock
Answer: d) Livestock

14. What is the major cause of ozone layer depletion?
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Methane
c) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
d) Sulfur dioxide
Answer: c) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

15. Which of the following is a major contributor to acid rain?
a) Methane
b) Nitrous oxide
c) Sulfur dioxide
d) Carbon monoxide
Answer: c) Sulfur dioxide

16. What is the main consequence of overfishing in oceans?
a) Increased biodiversity
b) Depletion of fish stocks
c) Improved water quality
d) Decreased carbon dioxide levels
Answer: b) Depletion of fish stocks

17. Which type of energy is derived from the Earth’s heat?
a) Solar energy
b) Wind energy
c) Geothermal energy
d) Nuclear energy
Answer: c) Geothermal energy

18. Which of the following is an example of a non-point source pollution?
a) Factory discharge
b) Oil spill
c) Runoff from agriculture
d) Industrial waste
Answer: c) Runoff from agriculture

19. What is the primary cause of desertification?
a) Deforestation
b) Excessive rainfall
c) Sustainable farming practices
d) Reforestation
Answer: a) Deforestation

20. Which of the following is considered the most sustainable form of energy?
a) Coal
b) Oil
c) Solar
d) Natural gas
Answer: c) Solar

21. Biomagnification refers to:
a) The increase in pollution levels in water
b) The accumulation of pollutants in organisms higher up the food chain
c) The increase in biomass in an ecosystem
d) The process of recycling organic material
Answer: b) The accumulation of pollutants in organisms higher up the food chain

22. Which country is the largest emitter of carbon dioxide?
a) United States
b) China
c) India
d) Russia
Answer: b) China

23. What is the main environmental problem caused by the overuse of chemical fertilizers?
a) Global warming
b) Eutrophication
c) Acid rain
d) Ozone depletion
Answer: b) Eutrophication

24. Which of the following is the best practice for reducing waste?
a) Incineration
b) Recycling
c) Landfilling
d) Dumping in oceans
Answer: b) Recycling

25. The term “carbon footprint” refers to:
a) The total carbon dioxide emissions produced by an individual or organization
b) The physical size of carbon deposits
c) The measurement of carbon content in soil
d) The effect of carbon on global temperatures
Answer: a) The total carbon dioxide emissions produced by an individual or organization

26. Which of the following is a consequence of global warming?
a) Rising sea levels
b) Decreased global temperatures
c) Decreased greenhouse gases
d) Reduced rainfall
Answer: a) Rising sea levels

27. The Montreal Protocol is an international agreement to phase out which substance?
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Methane
c) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
d) Nitrous oxide
Answer: c) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

28. Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?
a) Methane
b) Nitrous oxide
c) Oxygen
d) Carbon dioxide
Answer: c) Oxygen

29. Which of the following is a renewable resource?
a) Coal
b) Oil
c) Natural gas
d) Wind energy
Answer: d) Wind energy

30. Which of the following best describes the term “sustainable development”?
a) Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
b) Development that solely focuses on economic growth
c) Development that uses only non-renewable resources
d) Development that ignores environmental impacts
Answer: a) Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

31. Which of the following practices helps in conserving water?
a) Flood irrigation
b) Drip irrigation
c) Uncontrolled runoff
d) Deforestation
Answer: b) Drip irrigation

32. What is the term for the variety of living species on Earth?
a) Habitat
b) Population
c) Biodiversity
d) Community
Answer: c) Biodiversity

33. Which of the following is an effect of deforestation?
a) Soil conservation
b) Habitat destruction
c) Increased air quality
d) Climate stabilization
Answer: b) Habitat destruction

34. What does “biodegradable” mean?
a) Capable of being decomposed by bacteria or other living organisms
b) Resistant to decomposition
c) Made of synthetic materials
d) Harmful to the environment
Answer: a) Capable of being decomposed by bacteria or other living organisms

35. Which is the largest ecosystem on Earth?
a) Rainforest
b) Desert
c) Ocean
d) Tundra
Answer: c) Ocean

36. What is the main consequence of ozone layer depletion?
a) Global cooling
b) Increased UV radiation reaching the Earth
c) Decrease in greenhouse gases
d) Reduced air pollution
Answer: b) Increased UV radiation reaching the Earth

37. What is the primary source of energy for the Earth’s climate system?
a) Geothermal energy
b) Solar energy
c) Wind energy
d) Tidal energy
Answer: b) Solar energy

38. What does “sustainable agriculture” involve?
a) Maximizing short-term yields without concern for environmental impact
b) Reducing chemical inputs and promoting biodiversity
c) Intensive use of pesticides and fertilizers
d) Exclusive reliance on monoculture
Answer: b) Reducing chemical inputs and promoting biodiversity

39. Which of the following is a major consequence of melting polar ice caps?
a) Increased biodiversity
b) Decreased sea levels
c) Rise in sea levels
d) Reduced global temperatures
Answer: c) Rise in sea levels

40. What is “desertification”?
a) The process by which fertile land becomes desert
b) The increase in desert temperatures
c) The conversion of deserts into farmland
d) The restoration of desert ecosystems
Answer: a) The process by which fertile land becomes desert

Ecology MCQs

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