Wildlife Genetics of Animal mcqs

1. What is the study of wildlife genetics concerned with? A) Understanding genetic disorders in domestic animals B) Investigating the genetic diversity and population structure of wild animals C) Analyzing the genetics of agricultural crops D) Exploring genetic engineering techniques in wildlife conservation Answer: B) Investigating the genetic diversity and population structure of wild animals 2. Which of the following techniques is commonly used in wildlife genetics to analyze genetic variation within and between populations? A) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) B) Western blotting C) Gel electrophoresis D) Flow cytometry Answer: A) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 3. What term describes the total collection of genes and their variants within a population? A) Phenotype B) Genotype C) Allele D) Gene pool Answer: D) Gene pool 4. Which of the following statements about genetic diversity in wildlife populations is true? A) Genetic diversity is irrelevant for the long-term survival of wildlife populations. B) Higher genetic diversity reduces a population’s adaptability to environmental changes. C) Genetic diversity enhances a population’s ability to adapt to changing environments. D) Genetic diversity has no impact on the fitness of individuals within a population. Answer: C) Genetic diversity enhances a population’s ability to adapt to changing environments. 5. What is the term for the loss of genetic diversity that occurs when a population is greatly reduced in size? A) Genetic drift B) Genetic bottleneck C) Gene flow D) Mutation Answer: B) Genetic bottleneck 6. Which of the following factors can contribute to genetic bottlenecks in wildlife populations? A) Overhunting B) Habitat destruction C) Pollution D) All of the above Answer: D) All of the above 7. What term describes the movement of genes between populations as a result of individual movement or dispersal? A) Genetic drift B) Genetic bottleneck C) Gene flow D) Mutation Answer: C) Gene flow 8. Which of the following statements about gene flow in wildlife populations is true? A) Gene flow increases genetic differentiation between populations. B) Gene flow leads to a decrease in genetic diversity within populations. C) Gene flow facilitates the exchange of genetic material between populations. D) Gene flow only occurs between closely related species. Answer: C) Gene flow facilitates the exchange of genetic material between populations. 9. What term describes the random change in allele frequencies within a population over time? A) Genetic drift B) Genetic bottleneck C) Gene flow D) Mutation Answer: A) Genetic drift 10. Which of the following factors can contribute to genetic drift in wildlife populations? A) Small population size B) Large population size C) High gene flow D) Stable environmental conditions Answer: A) Small population size 11. What term describes the movement of individuals between different populations, leading to the spread of advantageous alleles? A) Genetic drift B) Genetic bottleneck C) Gene flow D) Mutation Answer: C) Gene flow 12. Which of the following statements about mutation in wildlife populations is true? A) Mutation is a common mechanism for introducing genetic variation within populations. B) Mutation rates are typically higher in large populations. C) Mutation always leads to harmful effects on population fitness. D) Mutation is more frequent in populations with low genetic diversity. Answer: A) Mutation is a common mechanism for introducing genetic variation within populations. 13. What term describes the phenomenon where alleles become fixed in a population due to genetic drift or natural selection? A) Genetic drift B) Genetic bottleneck C) Gene flow D) Genetic fixation Answer: D) Genetic fixation 14. Which of the following statements about genetic adaptation in wildlife populations is true? A) Genetic adaptation occurs rapidly within a few generations. B) Genetic adaptation is solely driven by mutation. C) Genetic adaptation involves the spread of advantageous alleles through natural selection. D) Genetic adaptation leads to a decrease in genetic diversity within populations. Answer: C) Genetic adaptation involves the spread of advantageous alleles through natural selection. 15. What term describes the loss of genetic diversity when a small number of individuals establish a new population? A) Genetic drift B) Founder effect C) Gene flow D) Genetic bottleneck Answer: B) Founder effect 16. Which of the following is an example of a genetic tool used in wildlife conservation to assess population genetic diversity? A) DNA fingerprinting B) ELISA assay C) Microarray analysis D) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Answer: A) DNA fingerprinting 17. What term describes the evolutionary process by which different species evolve similar traits independently of each other? A) Convergent evolution B) Divergent evolution C) Adaptive radiation D) Genetic drift Answer: A) Convergent evolution 18. Which of the following factors can contribute to the loss of genetic diversity in wildlife populations? A) Habitat fragmentation B) Hybridization with domestic species C) Inbreeding D) All of the above Answer: D) All of the above 19. What term describes the process of breeding individuals within a population that are more closely related than expected by chance? A) Genetic drift B) Genetic bottleneck C) Inbreeding D) Gene flow Answer: C) Inbreeding 20. Which of the following statements about inbreeding depression in wildlife populations is true? A) Inbreeding depression increases genetic diversity within populations. B) Inbreeding depression results in increased fitness and reproductive success. C) Inbreeding depression can lead to reduced fitness and increased susceptibility to disease. D) Inbreeding depression only affects populations with high genetic diversity. Answer: C) Inbreeding depression can lead to reduced fitness and increased susceptibility to disease. 21. What term describes the process of introducing unrelated individuals into a population to increase genetic diversity? A) Genetic drift B) Genetic bottleneck C) Outbreeding D) Inbreeding Answer: C) Outbreeding 22. Which of the following is an example of assisted reproductive technologies used in wildlife genetics conservation? A) Artificial insemination B) Cloning C) In vitro fertilization D) All of the above Answer: D) All of the above 23. What term describes the loss of genetic variation when a small group of individuals establishes a new population in a new area? A) Founder effect B) Genetic drift C) Gene flow D) Genetic bottleneck Answer: A) Founder effect 24. Which of the following statements about genetic rescue in wildlife populations is true? A) Genetic rescue involves the intentional introduction of harmful alleles into a population. B) Genetic rescue can only be achieved through artificial means such as genetic engineering. C) Genetic rescue aims to increase genetic diversity and reduce inbreeding depression. D) Genetic rescue leads to a decrease in population size and increased vulnerability to extinction. Answer: C) Genetic rescue aims to increase genetic diversity and reduce inbreeding depression. 25. What term describes the process of restoring or maintaining genetic diversity within a population? A) Genetic drift B) Genetic rescue C) Genetic bottleneck D) Genetic conservation Answer: D) Genetic conservation 26. Which of the following statements about genetic diversity in wildlife populations is true? A) Genetic diversity is irrelevant for the long-term survival of wildlife populations. B) Higher genetic diversity reduces a population’s adaptability to environmental changes. C) Genetic diversity enhances a population’s ability to adapt to changing environments. D) Genetic diversity has no impact on the fitness of individuals within a population. Answer: C) Genetic diversity enhances a population’s ability to adapt to changing environments. 27. What term describes the movement of genes between populations as a result of individual movement or dispersal? A) Genetic drift B) Genetic bottleneck C) Gene flow D) Mutation Answer: C) Gene flow 28. Which of the following factors can contribute to genetic bottlenecks in wildlife populations? A) Overhunting B) Habitat destruction C) Pollution D) All of the above Answer: D) All of the above 29. What term describes the random change in allele frequencies within a population over time? A) Genetic drift B) Genetic bottleneck C) Gene flow D) Mutation Answer: A) Genetic drift 30. Which of the following statements about mutation in wildlife populations is true? A) Mutation is a common mechanism for introducing genetic variation within populations. B) Mutation rates are typically higher in large populations. C) Mutation always leads to harmful effects on population fitness. D) Mutation is more frequent in populations with low genetic diversity. Answer: A) Mutation is a common mechanism for introducing genetic variation within populations. 31. What term describes the phenomenon where alleles become fixed in a population due to genetic drift or natural selection? A) Genetic drift B) Genetic bottleneck C) Gene flow D) Genetic fixation Answer: D) Genetic fixation 32. Which of the following statements about genetic adaptation in wildlife populations is true? A) Genetic adaptation occurs rapidly within a few generations. B) Genetic adaptation is solely driven by mutation. C) Genetic adaptation involves the spread of advantageous alleles through natural selection. D) Genetic adaptation leads to a decrease in genetic diversity within populations. Answer: C) Genetic adaptation involves the spread of advantageous alleles through natural selection. 33. What term describes the loss of genetic diversity when a small number of individuals establish a new population? A) Genetic drift B) Founder effect C) Gene flow D) Genetic bottleneck Answer: B) Founder effect 34. Which of the following is an example of a genetic tool used in wildlife conservation to assess population genetic diversity? A) DNA fingerprinting B) ELISA assay C) Microarray analysis D) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Answer: A) DNA fingerprinting 35. What term describes the evolutionary process by which different species evolve similar traits independently of each other? A) Convergent evolution B) Divergent evolution C) Adaptive radiation D) Genetic drift Answer: A) Convergent evolution 36. Which of the following factors can contribute to the loss of genetic diversity in wildlife populations? A) Habitat fragmentation B) Hybridization with domestic species C) Inbreeding D) All of the above Answer: D) All of the above 37. What term describes the process of breeding individuals within a population that are more closely related than expected by chance? A) Genetic drift B) Genetic bottleneck C) Inbreeding D) Gene flow Answer: C) Inbreeding 38. Which of the following statements about inbreeding depression in wildlife populations is true? A) Inbreeding depression increases genetic diversity within populations. B) Inbreeding depression results in increased fitness and reproductive success. C) Inbreeding depression can lead to reduced fitness and increased susceptibility to disease. D) Inbreeding depression only affects populations with high genetic diversity. Answer: C) Inbreeding depression can lead to reduced fitness and increased susceptibility to disease. 39. What term describes the process of introducing unrelated individuals into a population to increase genetic diversity? A) Genetic drift B) Genetic bottleneck C) Outbreeding D) Inbreeding Answer: C) Outbreeding 40. Which of the following is an example of assisted reproductive technologies used in wildlife genetics conservation? A) Artificial insemination B) Cloning C) In vitro fertilization D) All of the above Answer: D) All of the above 41. What term describes the loss of genetic variation when a small group of individuals establishes a new population in a new area? A) Founder effect B) Genetic drift C) Gene flow D) Genetic bottleneck Answer: A) Founder effect 42. Which of the following statements about genetic rescue in wildlife populations is true? A) Genetic rescue involves the intentional introduction of harmful alleles into a population. B) Genetic rescue can only be achieved through artificial means such as genetic engineering. C) Genetic rescue aims to increase genetic diversity and reduce inbreeding depression. D) Genetic rescue leads to a decrease in population size and increased vulnerability to extinction. Answer: C) Genetic rescue aims to increase genetic diversity and reduce inbreeding depression. 43. What term describes the process of restoring or maintaining genetic diversity within a population? A) Genetic drift B) Genetic rescue C) Genetic bottleneck D) Genetic conservation Answer: D) Genetic conservation 44. Which of the following statements about genetic diversity in wildlife populations is true? A) Genetic diversity is irrelevant for the long-term survival of wildlife populations. B) Higher genetic diversity reduces a population’s adaptability to environmental changes. C) Genetic diversity enhances a population’s ability to adapt to changing environments. D) Genetic diversity has no impact on the fitness of individuals within a population. Answer: C) Genetic diversity enhances a population’s ability to adapt to changing environments. 45. What term describes the movement of genes between populations as a result of individual movement or dispersal? A) Genetic drift B) Genetic bottleneck C) Gene flow D) Mutation Answer: C) Gene flow 46. Which of the following factors can contribute to genetic bottlenecks in wildlife populations? A) Overhunting B) Habitat destruction C) Pollution D) All of the above Answer: D) All of the above 47. What term describes the random change in allele frequencies within a population over time? A) Genetic drift B) Genetic bottleneck C) Gene flow D) Mutation Answer: A) Genetic drift 48. Which of the following statements about mutation in wildlife populations is true? A) Mutation is a common mechanism for introducing genetic variation within populations. B) Mutation rates are typically higher in large populations. C) Mutation always leads to harmful effects on population fitness. D) Mutation is more frequent in populations with low genetic diversity. Answer: A) Mutation is a common mechanism for introducing genetic variation within populations. 49. What term describes the phenomenon where alleles become fixed in a population due to genetic drift or natural selection? A) Genetic drift B) Genetic bottleneck C) Gene flow D) Genetic fixation Answer: D) Genetic fixation 50. Which of the following statements about genetic adaptation in wildlife populations is true? A) Genetic adaptation occurs rapidly within a few generations. B) Genetic adaptation is solely driven by mutation. C) Genetic adaptation involves the spread of advantageous alleles through natural selection. D) Genetic adaptation leads to a decrease in genetic diversity within populations. Answer: C) Genetic adaptation involves the spread of advantageous alleles through natural selection. 51. What term describes the loss of genetic diversity when a small number of individuals establish a new population? A) Genetic drift B) Founder effect C) Gene flow D) Genetic bottleneck Answer: B) Founder effect 52. Which of the following is an example of a genetic tool used in wildlife conservation to assess population genetic diversity? A) DNA fingerprinting B) ELISA assay C) Microarray analysis D) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Answer: A) DNA fingerprinting 53. What term describes the evolutionary process by which different species evolve similar traits independently of each other? A) Convergent evolution B) Divergent evolution C) Adaptive radiation D) Genetic drift Answer: A) Convergent evolution 54. Which of the following factors can contribute to the loss of genetic diversity in wildlife populations? A) Habitat fragmentation B) Hybridization with domestic species C) Inbreeding D) All of the above Answer: D) All of the above 55. What term describes the process of breeding individuals within a population that are more closely related than expected by chance? A) Genetic drift B) Genetic bottleneck C) Inbreeding D) Gene flow Answer: C) Inbreeding 56. Which of the following statements about inbreeding depression in wildlife populations is true? A) Inbreeding depression increases genetic diversity within populations. B) Inbreeding depression results in increased fitness and reproductive success. C) Inbreeding depression can lead to reduced fitness and increased susceptibility to disease. D) Inbreeding depression only affects populations with high genetic diversity. Answer: C) Inbreeding depression can lead to reduced fitness and increased susceptibility to disease. 57. What term describes the process of introducing unrelated individuals into a population to increase genetic diversity? A) Genetic drift B) Genetic bottleneck C) Outbreeding D) Inbreeding Answer: C) Outbreeding 58. Which of the following is an example of assisted reproductive technologies used in wildlife genetics conservation? A) Artificial insemination B) Cloning C) In vitro fertilization D) All of the above Answer: D) All of the above 59. What term describes the loss of genetic variation when a small group of individuals establishes a new population in a new area? A) Founder effect B) Genetic drift C) Gene flow D) Genetic bottleneck Answer: A) Founder effect 60. Which of the following statements about genetic rescue in wildlife populations is true? A) Genetic rescue involves the intentional introduction of harmful alleles into a population. B) Genetic rescue can only be achieved through artificial means such as genetic engineering. C) Genetic rescue aims to increase genetic diversity and reduce inbreeding depression. D) Genetic rescue leads to a decrease in population size and increased vulnerability to extinction. Answer: C) Genetic rescue aims to increase genetic diversity and reduce inbreeding depression. 61. What term describes the process of restoring or maintaining genetic diversity within a population? A) Genetic drift B) Genetic rescue C) Genetic bottleneck D) Genetic conservation Answer: D) Genetic conservation 62. Which of the following statements about genetic diversity in wildlife populations is true? A) Genetic diversity is irrelevant for the long-term survival of wildlife populations. B) Higher genetic diversity reduces a population’s adaptability to environmental changes. C) Genetic diversity enhances a population’s ability to adapt to changing environments. D) Genetic diversity has no impact on the fitness of individuals within a population. Answer: C) Genetic diversity enhances a population’s ability to adapt to changing environments. 63. What term describes the movement of genes between populations as a result of individual movement or dispersal? A) Genetic drift B) Genetic bottleneck C) Gene flow D) Mutation Answer: C) Gene flow 64. Which of the following factors can contribute to genetic bottlenecks in wildlife populations? A) Overhunting B) Habitat destruction C) Pollution D) All of the above Answer: D) All of the above 65. What term describes the random change in allele frequencies within a population over time? A) Genetic drift B) Genetic bottleneck C) Gene flow D) Mutation Answer: A) Genetic drift 66. Which of the following statements about mutation in wildlife populations is true? A) Mutation is a common mechanism for introducing genetic variation within populations. B) Mutation rates are typically higher in large populations. C) Mutation always leads to harmful effects on population fitness. D) Mutation is more frequent in populations with low genetic diversity. Answer: A) Mutation is a common mechanism for introducing genetic variation within populations. 67. What term describes the phenomenon where alleles become fixed in a population due to genetic drift or natural selection? A) Genetic drift B) Genetic bottleneck C) Gene flow D) Genetic fixation Answer: D) Genetic fixation 68. Which of the following statements about genetic adaptation in wildlife populations is true? A) Genetic adaptation occurs rapidly within a few generations. B) Genetic adaptation is solely driven by mutation. C) Genetic adaptation involves the spread of advantageous alleles through natural selection. D) Genetic adaptation leads to a decrease in genetic diversity within populations. Answer: C) Genetic adaptation involves the spread of advantageous alleles through natural selection. 69. What term describes the loss of genetic diversity when a small number of individuals establish a new population? A) Genetic drift B) Founder effect C) Gene flow D) Genetic bottleneck Answer: B) Founder effect 70. Which of the following is an example of a genetic tool used in wildlife conservation to assess population genetic diversity? A) DNA fingerprinting B) ELISA assay C) Microarray analysis D) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Answer: A) DNA fingerprinting 71. What term describes the evolutionary process by which different species evolve similar traits independently of each other? A) Convergent evolution B) Divergent evolution C) Adaptive radiation D) Genetic drift Answer: A) Convergent evolution 72. Which of the following factors can contribute to the loss of genetic diversity in wildlife populations? A) Habitat fragmentation B) Hybridization with domestic species C) Inbreeding D) All of the above Answer: D) All of the above 73. What term describes the process of breeding individuals within a population that are more closely related than expected by chance? A) Genetic drift B) Genetic bottleneck C) Inbreeding D) Gene flow Answer: C) Inbreeding 74. Which of the following statements about inbreeding depression in wildlife populations is true? A) Inbreeding depression increases genetic diversity within populations. B) Inbreeding depression results in increased fitness and reproductive success. C) Inbreeding depression can lead to reduced fitness and increased susceptibility to disease. D) Inbreeding depression only affects populations with high genetic diversity. Answer: C) Inbreeding depression can lead to reduced fitness and increased susceptibility to disease. 75. What term describes the process of introducing unrelated individuals into a population to increase genetic diversity? A) Genetic drift B) Genetic bottleneck C) Outbreeding D) Inbreeding Answer: C) Outbreeding 76. Which of the following is an example of assisted reproductive technologies used in wildlife genetics conservation? A) Artificial insemination B) Cloning C) In vitro fertilization D) All of the above Answer: D) All of the above 77. What term describes the loss of genetic variation when a small group of individuals establishes a new population in a new area? A) Founder effect B) Genetic drift C) Gene flow D) Genetic bottleneck Answer: A) Founder effect 78. Which of the following statements about genetic rescue in wildlife populations is true? A) Genetic rescue involves the intentional introduction of harmful alleles into a population. B) Genetic rescue can only be achieved through artificial means such as genetic engineering. C) Genetic rescue aims to increase genetic diversity and reduce inbreeding depression. D) Genetic rescue leads to a decrease in population size and increased vulnerability to extinction. Answer: C) Genetic rescue aims to increase genetic diversity and reduce inbreeding depression. 79. What term describes the process of restoring or maintaining genetic diversity within a population? A) Genetic drift B) Genetic rescue C) Genetic bottleneck D) Genetic conservation Answer: D) Genetic conservation 80. Which of the following statements about genetic diversity in wildlife populations is true? A) Genetic diversity is irrelevant for the long-term survival of wildlife populations. B) Higher genetic diversity reduces a population’s adaptability to environmental changes. C) Genetic diversity enhances a population’s ability to adapt to changing environments. D) Genetic diversity has no impact on the fitness of individuals within a population. Answer: C) Genetic diversity enhances a population’s ability to adapt to changing environments.