Developmental Biology of animals MCQs
1. The process by which a single fertilized egg develops into a multicellular organism is called:
a) Fertilization
b) Cleavage
c) Gastrulation
d) Development
Answer: d) Development
2. In animals, the zygote undergoes a series of rapid cell divisions called:
a) Fertilization
b) Cleavage
c) Gastrulation
d) Differentiation
Answer: b) Cleavage
3. During which stage of embryonic development do the germ layers form?
a) Cleavage
b) Fertilization
c) Gastrulation
d) Neurulation
Answer: c) Gastrulation
4. Which of the following germ layers gives rise to the nervous system, skin, and sensory organs?
a) Endoderm
b) Ectoderm
c) Mesoderm
d) Diploblast
Answer: b) Ectoderm
5. The formation of the three germ layers is a process known as:
a) Gastrulation
b) Cleavage
c) Fertilization
d) Differentiation
Answer: a) Gastrulation
6. Which of the following is not a germ layer in animal embryonic development?
a) Endoderm
b) Ectoderm
c) Diploblast
d) Mesoderm
Answer: c) Diploblast
7. Which process involves the folding of the neural plate to form the neural tube in vertebrate embryos?
a) Gastrulation
b) Cleavage
c) Neurulation
d) Differentiation
Answer: c) Neurulation
8. The stage of development during which cells become specialized in structure and function is called:
a) Cleavage
b) Gastrulation
c) Neurulation
d) Differentiation
Answer: d) Differentiation
9. What is the name of the structure that forms when the blastula undergoes gastrulation?
a) Blastocoel
b) Archenteron
c) Blastopore
d) Neural tube
Answer: b) Archenteron
10. In chordates, which structure gives rise to the vertebral column and skeletal muscles?
a) Neural crest
b) Notochord
c) Neural tube
d) Somites
Answer: d) Somites
11. The process of organogenesis involves:
a) Formation of the germ layers
b) Formation of the blastula
c) Formation of organs and tissues from the germ layers
d) Formation of the neural tube
Answer: c) Formation of organs and tissues from the germ layers
12. Which of the following is not a stage of embryonic development in animals?
a) Zygote
b) Blastula
c) Morula
d) Placenta
Answer: d) Placenta
13. Which germ layer gives rise to the circulatory system, muscles, and kidneys?
a) Endoderm
b) Ectoderm
c) Mesoderm
d) Diploblast
Answer: c) Mesoderm
14. In chordates, what structure forms from the ectoderm and gives rise to the nervous system?
a) Notochord
b) Neural crest
c) Neural tube
d) Somites
Answer: c) Neural tube
15. The process of cell differentiation is regulated by:
a) Environmental factors only
b) Genetic factors only
c) Both genetic and environmental factors
d) Hormonal factors only
Answer: c) Both genetic and environmental factors
16. Which of the following is not a mechanism of cell differentiation?
a) Gene expression
b) Cell signaling
c) Cell division
d) Epigenetics
Answer: c) Cell division
17. The process by which cells become committed to a specific lineage or fate during development is called:
a) Gastrulation
b) Determination
c) Differentiation
d) Cleavage
Answer: b) Determination
18. Which of the following is a characteristic of embryonic stem cells?
a) They are pluripotent
b) They are derived from adult tissues
c) They are found in specialized organs
d) They can differentiate into any cell type
Answer: a) They are pluripotent
19. The process by which cells become more specialized in structure and function is known as:
a) Cell division
b) Cell signaling
c) Cell determination
d) Cell differentiation
Answer: d) Cell differentiation
20. Which of the following is not a mechanism of pattern formation during development?
a) Morphogen gradients
b) Cell signaling pathways
c) Genetic mutations
d) Cell-cell interactions
Answer: c) Genetic mutations
21. The process by which cells migrate to their final destinations in the developing embryo is called:
a) Differentiation
b) Gastrulation
c) Morphogenesis
d) Cell migration
Answer: d) Cell migration
22. What is the name of the structure formed when cells from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst organize into a three-dimensional structure?
a) Blastocoel
b) Blastopore
c) Embryonic disc
d) Neural tube
Answer: c) Embryonic disc
23. Which of the following is not a role of maternal factors in embryonic development?
a) Providing nutrients to the embryo
b) Regulating gene expression in the embryo
c) Initiating cleavage divisions
d) Establishing the body axes
Answer: c) Initiating cleavage divisions
24. Which of the following is not a type of cell signaling involved in pattern formation during development?
a) Autocrine signaling
b) Paracrine signaling
c) Juxtacrine signaling
d) Endocrine signaling
Answer: d) Endocrine signaling
25. In insects, what structure forms when the blastoderm cells invaginate during gastrulation?
a) Blastocoel
b) Blastopore
c) Mesoderm
d) Endoderm
Answer: d) Endoderm
26. The process of cell differentiation is influenced by:
a) Cell-cell interactions
b) Morphogen gradients
c) Genetic factors
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
27. Which of the following is not a type of differentiation that occurs during embryonic development?
a) Cell specialization
b) Cell determination
c) Cell migration
d) Cell division
Answer: d) Cell division
28. Which of the following is not a characteristic of pluripotent stem cells?
a) They can differentiate into cells from all three germ layers
b) They are found in specialized organs
c) They are derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst
d) They have the potential to form any cell type in the body
Answer: b) They are found in specialized organs
29. The process by which cells become committed to a specific fate or lineage during development is called:
a) Gastrulation
b) Determination
c) Differentiation
d) Cleavage
Answer: b) Determination
30. Which of the following is not a mechanism of cell determination during development?
a) Gene expression
b) Cell signaling
c) Cell division
d) Epigenetics
Answer: c) Cell division
31. Which of the following is a characteristic of adult stem cells?
a) They are pluripotent
b) They are found in specialized organs
c) They can differentiate into any cell type
d) They have limited differentiation potential
Answer: d) They have limited differentiation potential
32. The process by which cells specialize in structure and function during development is known as:
a) Cell determination
b) Cell differentiation
c) Cell division
d) Cell migration
Answer: b) Cell differentiation
33. In chordates, which structure gives rise to the vertebral column and skeletal muscles?
a) Neural crest
b) Notochord
c) Neural tube
d) Somites
Answer: d) Somites
34. Which of the following is a mechanism of pattern formation during development?
a) Morphogen gradients
b) Cell signaling pathways
c) Genetic mutations
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
35. Which of the following is not a role of maternal factors in embryonic development?
a) Establishing the body axes
b) Providing nutrients to the embryo
c) Regulating gene expression in the embryo
d) Initiating cleavage divisions
Answer: d) Initiating cleavage divisions
36. The process of cell differentiation is influenced by:
a) Cell-cell interactions
b) Morphogen gradients
c) Genetic factors
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
37. In insects, what structure forms when the blastoderm cells invaginate during gastrulation?
a) Blastocoel
b) Blastopore
c) Mesoderm
d) Endoderm
Answer: d) Endoderm
38. Which of the following is not a type of differentiation that occurs during embryonic development?
a) Cell specialization
b) Cell determination
c) Cell migration
d) Cell division
Answer: d) Cell division
39. Which of the following is not a characteristic of pluripotent stem cells?
a) They can differentiate into cells from all three germ layers
b) They are found in specialized organs
c) They are derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst
d) They have the potential to form any cell type in the body
Answer: b) They are found in specialized organs