Physiology of animals MCQs

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1. Which organ system is responsible for regulating and coordinating body activities?
(A) Nervous system
(B) Muscular system
(C) Respiratory system
(D) Digestive system

2. What is the primary function of the respiratory system in animals?
(A) Transporting nutrients
(B) Maintaining water balance
(C) Regulating body temperature
(D) Exchanging gases

3. In mammals, gas exchange occurs primarily in which structure?
(A) Tracheae
(B) Gills
(C) Skin
(D) Lungs

4. Which of the following is NOT a function of the circulatory system?
(A) Transporting nutrients and oxygen
(B) Removing metabolic wastes
(C) Producing hormones
(D) Regulating body temperature

5. Blood is pumped away from the heart by which vessels?
(A) Veins
(B) Arteries
(C) Capillaries
(D) Lymphatic vessels

6. What is the function of red blood cells?
(A) Fighting infections
(B) Transporting oxygen
(C) Producing antibodies
(D) Carrying nutrients

7. Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood glucose levels in animals?
(A) Cortisol
(B) Glucagon
(C) Insulin
(D) Thyroxine

8. The process by which food is broken down into smaller molecules that can be absorbed is known as:
(A) Digestion
(B) Respiration
(C) Circulation
(D) Excretion

9. Which enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of carbohydrates in the mouth?
(A) Trypsin
(B) Pepsin
(C) Lipase
(D) Amylase

10. Where does the majority of nutrient absorption occur in the digestive system?
(A) Small intestine
(B) Large intestine
(C) Stomach
(D) Liver

11. Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?
(A) Detoxification
(B) Production of bile
(C) Production of insulin
(D) Storage of glucose

12. What is the main function of the excretory system in animals?
(A) Regulating blood pressure
(B) Producing antibodies
(C) Synthesizing hormones
(D) Balancing water and electrolytes

13. In mammals, what is the primary organ of the excretory system?
(A) Bladder
(B) Liver
(C) Kidneys
(D) Skin

14. Which of the following is NOT a component of the nephron?
(A) Glomerulus
(B) Loop of Henle
(C) Collecting duct
(D) Ureter

15. Which hormone regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys?
(A) Aldosterone
(B) Vasopressin (ADH)
(C) Insulin
(D) Epinephrine

16. What is the function of the nervous system?
(A) Transmitting electrical signals
(B) Regulating body temperature
(C) Controlling voluntary movements
(D) Producing hormones

17. Which cells transmit electrical impulses in the nervous system?
(A) White blood cells
(B) Glial cells
(C) Red blood cells
(D) Neurons

18. What is the gap between two neurons called?
(A) Dendrite
(B) Axon
(C) Synapse
(D) Myelin sheath

19. Which neurotransmitter is associated with feelings of pleasure and reward?
(A) Serotonin
(B) GABA
(C) Acetylcholine
(D) Dopamine

20. Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating basic functions such as breathing and heart rate?
(A) Cerebrum
(B) Cerebellum
(C) Hypothalamus
(D) Medulla oblongata

21. What is the role of the endocrine system in animals?
(A) Regulating metabolism
(B) Transmitting nerve impulses
(C) Providing structural support
(D) Filtering blood

22. Which gland is known as the “master gland”?
(A) Pancreas
(B) Thyroid gland
(C) Adrenal gland
(D) Pituitary gland

23. Which hormone regulates blood calcium levels?
(A) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
(B) Estrogen
(C) Insulin
(D) Glucagon

24. What is the primary function of the reproductive system?
(A) Regulating body temperature
(B) Producing hormones
(C) Maintaining homeostasis
(D) Reproduction

25. In mammals, where does fertilization usually occur?
(A) Fallopian tube
(B) Uterus
(C) Ovary
(D) Vagina

26. Which hormone is responsible for male secondary sexual characteristics?
(A) Estrogen
(B) Testosterone
(C) Progesterone
(D) FSH

27. What is the role of the immune system?
(A) Pumping blood
(B) Fighting infections
(C) Producing hormones
(D) Digesting food

28. Which cells engulf and digest pathogens?
(A) B cells
(B) Macrophages
(C) T cells
(D) Neutrophils

29. Which is NOT a type of white blood cell?
(A) Basophil
(B) Lymphocyte
(C) Monocyte
(D) Erythrocyte

30. Which is an example of passive immunity?
(A) Vaccination
(B) Breastfeeding
(C) Antibiotic treatment
(D) Organ transplant

31. What is the role of the integumentary system?
(A) Transmitting electrical signals
(B) Digesting food
(C) Pumping blood
(D) Regulating body temperature

32. Which skin layer contains blood vessels and nerves?
(A) Epidermis
(B) Keratin layer
(C) Hypodermis
(D) Dermis

33. What is the primary function of sweat glands?
(A) Producing hormones
(B) Regulating body temperature
(C) Absorbing nutrients
(D) Transmitting nerve impulses

34. Which is NOT a sense organ?
(A) Eyes
(B) Ears
(C) Heart
(D) Nose

35. Which part of the eye focuses light on the retina?
(A) Cornea
(B) Lens
(C) Iris
(D) Retina

36. What is the function of the cochlea?
(A) Balancing
(B) Hearing
(C) Smelling
(D) Tasting

37. Which is NOT a taste sensation?
(A) Sweet
(B) Spicy
(C) Sour
(D) Bitter

38. What is the main function of the skeletal system?
(A) Pumping blood
(B) Providing structural support
(C) Regulating body temperature
(D) Producing hormones

39. Which muscle type controls heart contractions?
(A) Skeletal
(B) Smooth
(C) Cardiac
(D) Striated

40. Which structure connects bone to bone?
(A) Ligament
(B) Tendon
(C) Cartilage
(D) Joint

41. Which hormone stimulates bone growth?
(A) Growth hormone
(B) Testosterone
(C) Estrogen
(D) Thyroxine

42. Which is NOT a function of muscles?
(A) Movement
(B) Posture
(C) Storing nutrients
(D) Heat production

43. Which brain part coordinates muscle movement?
(A) Cerebrum
(B) Medulla oblongata
(C) Cerebellum
(D) Hypothalamus

44. What is the function of synovial fluid?
(A) Nourishing bones
(B) Lubricating joints
(C) Sending nerve signals
(D) Regulating temperature

45. Which is NOT a blood component?
(A) Red blood cells
(B) Neurons
(C) Platelets
(D) White blood cells

46. What is the function of platelets?
(A) Clot blood
(B) Fight infection
(C) Carry oxygen
(D) Transport nutrients

47. Which is NOT a blood vessel?
(A) Lymphatic vessel
(B) Vein
(C) Capillary
(D) Artery

48. What do valves in veins prevent?
(A) Backflow of blood
(B) Pumping blood
(C) Clot formation
(D) Pressure increase

49. Which is NOT found in urine?
(A) Glucose
(B) Water
(C) Urea
(D) Salts

50. What is the primary function of the hypothalamus?
(A) Producing hormones
(B) Regulating body temperature
(C) Controlling hunger and thirst
(D) Storing nutrients

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