1. What is a multi-agent system (MAS)?
A) A system consisting of multiple autonomous agents interacting with each other
B) A system with a single centralized agent
C) A system with agents that are not autonomous
D) A system with agents that only interact with a central controller
Answer: A) A system consisting of multiple autonomous agents interacting with each other
2. What is an agent in the context of multi-agent systems?
A) An entity that perceives its environment and takes actions to achieve specific goals
B) A passive entity that only receives commands
C) A hardware component used in computation
D) A software module without decision-making capabilities
Answer: A) An entity that perceives its environment and takes actions to achieve specific goals
3. Which of the following is a characteristic of autonomous agents?
A) They can operate without direct intervention from humans
B) They rely entirely on human instructions
C) They are incapable of learning from their environment
D) They cannot make decisions based on their perceptions
Answer: A) They can operate without direct intervention from humans
4. What is “agent communication” in a multi-agent system?
A) The exchange of information and coordination between agents
B) Direct interaction with external databases
C) The process of single-agent decision-making
D) Communication between agents and a central controller
Answer: A) The exchange of information and coordination between agents
5. What is a “cooperative multi-agent system”?
A) A system where agents work together to achieve a common goal
B) A system where agents act independently without interaction
C) A system with a single agent performing all tasks
D) A system where agents are isolated from each other
Answer: A) A system where agents work together to achieve a common goal
6. Which concept involves agents competing for resources or goals in a multi-agent system?
A) Competitive multi-agent system
B) Cooperative multi-agent system
C) Centralized multi-agent system
D) Isolated multi-agent system
Answer: A) Competitive multi-agent system
7. What is the main goal of “coordination” in multi-agent systems?
A) To ensure agents work together efficiently and avoid conflicts
B) To increase the autonomy of individual agents
C) To limit communication between agents
D) To centralize control of all agents
Answer: A) To ensure agents work together efficiently and avoid conflicts
8. Which of the following is an example of a multi-agent system application?
A) Autonomous vehicle fleets
B) Single-user desktop applications
C) Centralized data processing systems
D) Static data storage solutions
Answer: A) Autonomous vehicle fleets
9. What does “agent negotiation” refer to in multi-agent systems?
A) The process by which agents reach agreements or resolve conflicts
B) The direct command of agents by a central authority
C) The collection of data by a single agent
D) The isolation of agents from each other
Answer: A) The process by which agents reach agreements or resolve conflicts
10. What is “task allocation” in a multi-agent system?
A) The process of assigning tasks or roles to different agents
B) The method for increasing agent autonomy
C) The technique for reducing communication among agents
D) The process of centralizing control of tasks
Answer: A) The process of assigning tasks or roles to different agents
11. Which concept refers to agents adapting their behavior based on the actions of other agents?
A) Adaptive behavior
B) Fixed behavior
C) Centralized control
D) Isolated decision-making
Answer: A) Adaptive behavior
12. In multi-agent systems, what is “collaborative problem-solving”?
A) A method where agents work together to solve complex problems
B) A technique where agents work independently on separate tasks
C) A process where a central authority solves problems for all agents
D) A method of reducing agent interaction
Answer: A) A method where agents work together to solve complex problems
13. What is “distributed problem-solving” in the context of multi-agent systems?
A) Solving problems using multiple agents working together, each contributing their own part
B) Solving problems with a single centralized agent
C) Centralized problem-solving with external data sources
D) Solving problems using isolated agents without communication
Answer: A) Solving problems using multiple agents working together, each contributing their own part
14. Which technique is commonly used for agent coordination in multi-agent systems?
A) Coordination protocols
B) Centralized algorithms
C) Fixed scheduling
D) Single-agent planning
Answer: A) Coordination protocols
15. What is “agent mobility” in a multi-agent system?
A) The capability of agents to move between different locations or states
B) The restriction of agents to a fixed location
C) The process of agents remaining stationary
D) The central control of agent locations
Answer: A) The capability of agents to move between different locations or states
16. Which concept describes agents working together towards a common goal with minimal interaction?
A) Cooperative multi-agent system
B) Competitive multi-agent system
C) Centralized multi-agent system
D) Isolated multi-agent system
Answer: A) Cooperative multi-agent system
17. What is “agent learning” in multi-agent systems?
A) The process by which agents improve their performance through experience or interactions
B) The static programming of agent behavior
C) The isolation of agents from learning processes
D) The direct control of agent actions
Answer: A) The process by which agents improve their performance through experience or interactions
18. Which of the following is a key challenge in multi-agent systems?
A) Ensuring effective communication and coordination among agents
B) Centralizing control of all agents
C) Minimizing the number of agents involved
D) Isolating agents from one another
Answer: A) Ensuring effective communication and coordination among agents
19. What is “agent-based modeling”?
A) A simulation technique where agents with distinct behaviors interact to study complex systems
B) A method for centralizing agent control
C) A technique for individual robot programming
D) A process for agent isolation
Answer: A) A simulation technique where agents with distinct behaviors interact to study complex systems
20. What is “conflict resolution” in multi-agent systems?
A) The process of resolving disagreements or conflicts among agents
B) The central control of agent actions
C) The method of isolating agents from one another
D) The process of agents working independently
Answer: A) The process of resolving disagreements or conflicts among agents
21. Which term refers to the capability of an agent to perceive its environment and act accordingly?
A) Perception-action cycle
B) Centralized control
C) Fixed behavior
D) Task scheduling
Answer: A) Perception-action cycle
22. What does “agent autonomy” mean in a multi-agent system?
A) The degree to which an agent operates independently without external control
B) The requirement for all agents to be centrally controlled
C) The restriction of agent decision-making to a central authority
D) The fixed behavior of agents
Answer: A) The degree to which an agent operates independently without external control
23. What is the role of “feedback” in multi-agent systems?
A) Feedback helps agents adjust their behavior based on interactions and outcomes
B) Feedback restricts agent autonomy
C) Feedback centralizes control of agents
D) Feedback limits agent communication
Answer: A) Feedback helps agents adjust their behavior based on interactions and outcomes
24. What is “resource allocation” in a multi-agent system?
A) The process of distributing resources among agents to achieve goals
B) The method of reducing agent communication
C) The central control of resource usage
D) The process of isolating agents from resource management
Answer: A) The process of distributing resources among agents to achieve goals
25. Which term describes the method of organizing agents into hierarchical structures?
A) Hierarchical organization
B) Flat organization
C) Decentralized coordination
D) Fixed scheduling
Answer: A) Hierarchical organization
26. What is “scalability” in the context of multi-agent systems?
A) The ability of the system to handle an increasing number of agents efficiently
B) The restriction of the system to a fixed number of agents
C) The centralization of control for all agents
D) The isolation of agents from scaling processes
Answer: A) The ability of the system to handle an increasing number of agents efficiently
27. What does “task decomposition” refer to in multi-agent systems?
A) Breaking down complex tasks into simpler sub-tasks that can be handled by different agents
B) Centralizing task execution
C) The isolation of tasks from agents
D) The direct control of all tasks by a single agent
Answer: A) Breaking down complex tasks into simpler sub-tasks that can be handled by different agents
28. Which technique is used to manage dynamic changes in the environment of a multi-agent system?
A) Adaptive algorithms
B) Fixed behavior
C) Centralized control
D) Isolated decision-making
Answer: A) Adaptive algorithms
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