1. Which of the following is a primary characteristic of bipedal locomotion?
A) Quadrupedal movement
B) Movement on two legs
C) Movement on four legs
D) Movement using wings
Answer: B) Movement on two legs
2. In bipedal locomotion, which of the following gaits is considered the most energy-efficient?
A) Walking
B) Running
C) Hopping
D) Skipping
Answer: A) Walking
3. Which part of the human body acts as the main shock absorber during bipedal locomotion?
A) Hands
B) Spine
C) Knees
D) Feet
Answer: D) Feet
4. What is the primary purpose of the swinging phase of the leg during walking?
A) To generate force
B) To propel the body forward
C) To balance the body
D) To absorb shock
Answer: B) To propel the body forward
5. Which of the following is a key feature of human bipedalism compared to other primates?
A) Longer arms
B) Shorter legs
C) Angled femurs
D) Larger hands
Answer: C) Angled femurs
6. In which phase of walking is the foot in full contact with the ground?
A) Swing phase
B) Stance phase
C) Heel strike
D) Toe-off
Answer: B) Stance phase
7. What is the term for the moment when both feet are in contact with the ground during walking?
A) Double support
B) Single support
C) Swing phase
D) Heel strike
Answer: A) Double support
8. Which of the following muscles is primarily responsible for stabilizing the pelvis during bipedal locomotion?
A) Biceps
B) Gluteus medius
C) Quadriceps
D) Hamstrings
Answer: B) Gluteus medius
9. What does the term “stride length” refer to in bipedal locomotion?
A) Distance between two successive heel strikes of the same foot
B) Distance between two successive heel strikes of opposite feet
C) Distance between toe-off and heel strike
D) Distance covered in one step
Answer: B) Distance between two successive heel strikes of opposite feet
10. In bipedal locomotion, which gait involves alternating between single and double support phases?
A) Walking
B) Running
C) Hopping
D) Crawling
Answer: A) Walking
11. Which biomechanical principle helps reduce the energy cost of walking?
A) Angular momentum
B) Elastic recoil
C) Inertia
D) Kinetic friction
Answer: B) Elastic recoil
12. The concept of “dynamic stability” in bipedal locomotion refers to:
A) The ability to maintain balance during motion
B) The ability to stay still without falling
C) The ability to change direction quickly
D) The ability to move in a straight line
Answer: A) The ability to maintain balance during motion
13. What is the term for the angular movement of the leg about the hip joint during walking?
A) Flexion
B) Extension
C) Abduction
D) Adduction
Answer: B) Extension
14. Which of the following factors influences walking speed?
A) Step length
B) Step width
C) Cadence
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
15. During which phase of walking does the body experience the greatest vertical displacement?
A) Heel strike
B) Mid-stance
C) Toe-off
D) Swing phase
Answer: B) Mid-stance
16. What role does the Achilles tendon play in bipedal locomotion?
A) Provides lateral support
B) Stores and releases elastic energy
C) Absorbs shock at heel strike
D) Facilitates hip flexion
Answer: B) Stores and releases elastic energy
17. In bipedal locomotion, which structure helps maintain upright posture and balance?
A) Cerebellum
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Hippocampus
D) Thalamus
Answer: A) Cerebellum
18. Which walking pattern involves alternating between two types of gait, usually used for speed variations?
A) Stepping
B) Shuffling
C) Walking and running
D) Crawling
Answer: C) Walking and running
19. What is the primary function of the iliopsoas muscle group in bipedal locomotion?
A) Stabilizing the knee
B) Flexing the hip
C) Extending the knee
D) Plantarflexing the foot
Answer: B) Flexing the hip
20. Which of the following is a characteristic of bipedal locomotion in humans compared to other animals?
A) Larger foot size
B) More horizontal body orientation
C) Greater knee flexibility
D) More vertical body orientation
Answer: D) More vertical body orientation
21. The term “heel strike” refers to:
A) The initial contact of the foot with the ground
B) The point where the foot leaves the ground
C) The midpoint of the stance phase
D) The end of the swing phase
Answer: A) The initial contact of the foot with the ground
22. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of bipedal locomotion?
A) Increased field of vision
B) Energy efficiency
C) Improved upper limb mobility
D) Reduced exposure to environmental threats
Answer: D) Reduced exposure to environmental threats
23. During running, which phase of gait is absent compared to walking?
A) Swing phase
B) Stance phase
C) Double support phase
D) Heel strike
Answer: C) Double support phase
24. The “knee-jerk” reflex is primarily associated with which aspect of bipedal locomotion?
A) Balancing on one leg
B) Controlling leg swing
C) Absorbing impact
D) Maintaining posture
Answer: A) Balancing on one leg
25. Which of the following is a common adaptation in human bipedal locomotion?
A) Opposable thumbs
B) Prehensile tails
C) Arched feet
D) Longer arms
Answer: C) Arched feet
26. Which component of gait analysis involves measuring the speed of walking?
A) Cadence
B) Step length
C) Stride length
D) Velocity
Answer: D) Velocity
27. In bipedal locomotion, what does the term “cadence” refer to?
A) The number of steps taken per minute
B) The length of each step
C) The duration of the swing phase
D) The angle of hip flexion
Answer: A) The number of steps taken per minute
28. Which part of the gait cycle is responsible for generating forward momentum in running?
A) Swing phase
B) Stance phase
C) Heel strike
D) Toe-off
Answer: D) Toe-off
29. Which of the following structures helps in the stabilization of the pelvis during walking?
A) Gluteus maximus
B) Gastrocnemius
C) Sartorius
D) Pectoralis major
Answer: A) Gluteus maximus
30. What does the term “foot pronation” refer to?
A) Inward rolling of the foot
B) Outward rolling of the foot
C) Lifting the foot off the ground
D) Pointing the toes downward
Answer: A) Inward rolling of the foot
31. In bipedal locomotion, which movement involves the ankle joint moving downward?
A) Dorsiflexion
B) Plantarflexion
C) Eversion
D) Inversion
Answer: B) Plantarflexion
32. Which aspect of gait analysis involves studying the movement of the center of mass?
A) Kinematics
B) Kinetics
C) Electromyography
D) Pressure mapping
Answer: A) Kinematics
33. What is the primary function of the hamstring muscles in bipedal locomotion?
A) Hip flexion
B) Knee extension
C) Hip extension
D) Knee flexion
Answer: D) Knee flexion
34. Which part of the foot is primarily responsible for push-off during walking?
A) Heel
B) Arch
C) Ball of the foot
D) Toes
Answer: C) Ball of the foot
35. The “lateral sway” during walking refers to:
A) Side-to-side movement of the torso
B) Forward and backward movement of the torso
C) Up and down movement of the torso
D) Rotational movement of the torso
Answer: A) Side-to-side movement of the torso
36. Which of the following strategies is used to conserve energy during walking?
A) Increasing stride length
B) Decreasing cadence
C) Utilizing elastic energy storage
D) Reducing arm swing
Answer: C) Utilizing elastic energy storage
36. Which of the following strategies is used to conserve energy during walking?
A) Increasing stride length
B) Decreasing cadence
C) Utilizing elastic energy storage
D) Reducing arm swing
Answer: C) Utilizing elastic energy storage
37. What is the primary biomechanical advantage of having a vertical body posture in bipedal locomotion?
A) Improved visual range
B) Greater speed
C) Enhanced agility
D) Increased upper body strength
Answer: A) Improved visual range
38. During running, which gait phase is characterized by the absence of ground contact?
A) Stance phase
B) Swing phase
C) Heel strike
D) Toe-off
Answer: B) Swing phase
39. What is the role of the quadriceps muscle group in walking?
A) Hip flexion
B) Knee extension
C) Hip extension
D) Knee flexion
Answer: B) Knee extension
40. In which phase of walking is the body’s center of mass at its highest point?
A) Heel strike
B) Mid-stance
C) Toe-off
D) Swing phase
Answer: B) Mid-stance
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