1. What is the primary purpose of Embedded C programming?

A) To develop web applications
B) To control hardware and interface with devices
C) To create desktop applications
D) To manage databases

Answer: B) To control hardware and interface with devices

2. Which standard library function is used to include input and output functionalities in Embedded C?

A) #include <stdlib.h>
B) #include <math.h>
C) #include <stdio.h>
D) #include <string.h>

Answer: C) #include <stdio.h>

3. In Embedded C, which data type is used to represent an 8-bit unsigned integer?

A) int
B) short
C) char
D) long

Answer: C) char

4. What does the volatile keyword indicate in Embedded C?

A) The variable should be optimized by the compiler
B) The variable can change at any time without any action being taken by the code the compiler finds nearby
C) The variable is used only in loops
D) The variable is constant and should not change

Answer: B) The variable can change at any time without any action being taken by the code the compiler finds nearby

5. Which function is typically used to initialize hardware peripherals in Embedded C?

A) main()
B) init()
C) configure()
D) setup()

Answer: B) init()

6. What does the #define directive do in Embedded C?

A) Defines a constant value or macro
B) Declares a variable
C) Includes a library file
D) Creates a new function

Answer: A) Defines a constant value or macro

7. Which operator is used to access a specific bit in a register in Embedded C?

A) &
B) |
C) <<
D) []

Answer: C) <<

8. How do you handle timing and delays in Embedded C?

A) Using delay() function
B) Using sleep() function
C) Using timer interrupts
D) Using wait() function

Answer: C) Using timer interrupts

9. What is the purpose of the ISR (Interrupt Service Routine) in Embedded C?

A) To handle hardware interrupts
B) To perform mathematical operations
C) To manage memory
D) To handle file I/O operations

Answer: A) To handle hardware interrupts

10. In Embedded C, what is a common use of bit-fields in structures?

A) To create large arrays
B) To optimize memory usage by packing data into smaller bits
C) To handle floating-point operations
D) To manage strings

Answer: B) To optimize memory usage by packing data into smaller bits

11. What is the function of the main() function in an Embedded C program?

A) To initialize hardware peripherals
B) To control the flow of the program
C) To define global variables
D) To handle interrupts

Answer: B) To control the flow of the program

12. Which of the following is used to control an LED connected to a microcontroller pin in Embedded C?

A) printf()
B) scanf()
C) digitalWrite()
D) analogRead()

Answer: C) digitalWrite()

13. What does the static keyword do when applied to a function or variable in Embedded C?

A) Limits the scope of the function or variable to the file
B) Makes the function or variable accessible globally
C) Prevents the function or variable from being used
D) Makes the function or variable dynamic

Answer: A) Limits the scope of the function or variable to the file

14. Which of the following is NOT a common type of loop used in Embedded C?

A) for loop
B) while loop
C) do-while loop
D) foreach loop

Answer: D) foreach loop

15. What is the role of a watchdog timer in an Embedded C system?

A) To monitor and reset the system if it becomes unresponsive
B) To control the timing of data transmission
C) To handle user input
D) To manage power consumption

Answer: A) To monitor and reset the system if it becomes unresponsive

16. Which operator is used for bitwise XOR operation in Embedded C?

A) ^
B) &
C) |
D) ~

Answer: A) ^

17. What is the purpose of the return statement in a function in Embedded C?

A) To exit from the function and optionally return a value
B) To initialize variables
C) To declare constants
D) To include header files

Answer: A) To exit from the function and optionally return a value

18. Which directive is used to include external files in an Embedded C program?

A) #include
B) #define
C) #if
D) #ifdef

Answer: A) #include

19. How is a global variable declared in Embedded C?

A) By using the static keyword
B) By declaring it outside of any function
C) By using the extern keyword
D) By declaring it inside a function

Answer: B) By declaring it outside of any function

20. What is the use of the extern keyword in Embedded C?

A) To declare a global variable or function that is defined in another file
B) To define a macro
C) To create an inline function
D) To include header files

Answer: A) To declare a global variable or function that is defined in another file

21. Which of the following is used to define a constant value in Embedded C?

A) const keyword
B) #define directive
C) static keyword
D) volatile keyword

Answer: B) #define directive

22. How can you define a function that does not return a value in Embedded C?

A) By using void as the return type
B) By using int as the return type
C) By using float as the return type
D) By using char as the return type

Answer: A) By using void as the return type

23. What does the sizeof operator do in Embedded C?

A) Returns the size of a data type or variable in bytes
B) Returns the value of a variable
C) Returns the address of a variable
D) Returns the type of a variable

Answer: A) Returns the size of a data type or variable in bytes

24. What is the purpose of the #pragma directive in Embedded C?

A) To provide compiler-specific instructions or optimizations
B) To include external files
C) To define constants
D) To create macros

Answer: A) To provide compiler-specific instructions or optimizations

25. Which function is used to perform analog-to-digital conversion in Embedded C?

A) analogRead()
B) digitalWrite()
C) pulseIn()
D) digitalRead()

Answer: A) analogRead()

26. In Embedded C, how is a bitwise AND operation performed?

A) Using the & operator
B) Using the | operator
C) Using the ^ operator
D) Using the ~ operator

Answer: A) Using the & operator

27. What is the purpose of bitwise operations in Embedded C?

A) To manipulate individual bits of a variable
B) To perform floating-point calculations
C) To handle strings
D) To manage memory allocation

Answer: A) To manipulate individual bits of a variable

28. Which keyword is used to prevent a variable from being modified by the program?

A) const
B) static
C) volatile
D) extern

Answer: A) const

29. How is a structure defined in Embedded C?

A) Using the struct keyword
B) Using the class keyword
C) Using the union keyword
D) Using the typedef keyword

Answer: A) Using the struct keyword

30. What is the correct syntax to access a member of a structure in Embedded C?

A) structure.member
B) member.structure
C) structure->member
D) member->structure

Answer: A) structure.member

31. What is the role of the register keyword in Embedded C?

A) To suggest that a variable should be stored in a CPU register for faster access
B) To create a new function
C) To define a constant value
D) To include header files

Answer: A) To suggest that a variable should be stored in a CPU register for faster access

32. Which operator is used for bitwise OR operation in Embedded C?

A) |
B) &
C) ^
D) ~

Answer: A) |

33. How can you create a multi-dimensional array in Embedded C?

A) By using nested arrays
B) By using struct
C) By using pointers
D) By using union

Answer: A) By using nested arrays

34. What is the function of the break statement in a loop?

A) To exit the loop immediately
B) To continue to the next iteration of the loop
C) To restart the loop
D) To pause the loop execution

Answer: A) To exit the loop immediately

35. Which function is used to write data to a specific I/O port in Embedded C?

A) writePort()
B) output()
C) digitalWrite()
D) setPort()

Answer: C) digitalWrite()

36. In Embedded C, what is a macro?

A) A preprocessor directive that defines a code snippet or constant
B) A function that returns multiple values
C) A special type of variable
D) A data structure

Answer: A) A preprocessor directive that defines a code snippet or constant

37. What is the purpose of the memset() function in Embedded C?

A) To set a block of memory to a specific value
B) To copy a block of memory
C) To compare two memory blocks
D) To allocate memory dynamically

Answer: A) To set a block of memory to a specific value

38. How do you declare a pointer to an integer in Embedded C?

A) int* ptr;
B) pointer int;
C) int ptr;
D) *int ptr;

Answer: A) int ptr;*

39. What does the keyword extern allow in Embedded C?

A) To access variables or functions defined in other files
B) To declare variables in the same file
C) To initialize arrays
D) To create inline functions

Answer: A) To access variables or functions defined in other files

40. How is memory allocated dynamically in Embedded C?

A) Using malloc() and free() functions
B) Using static keyword
C) Using global variables
D) Using const keyword

Answer: A) Using malloc() and free() functions

41. What is the function of the delay() function in Embedded C?

A) To create a time delay in program execution
B) To read data from an I/O port
C) To initialize hardware peripherals
D) To perform calculations

Answer: A) To create a time delay in program execution

42. Which function is used to read data from a specific I/O port in Embedded C?

A) readPort()
B) digitalRead()
C) input()
D) getPort()

Answer: B) digitalRead()

43. What does the volatile keyword prevent in Embedded C?

A) Compiler optimizations for the variable
B) Changes to the variable
C) Memory leaks
D) Interruptions

Answer: A) Compiler optimizations for the variable

44. Which function is used to toggle an LED state in Embedded C?

A) toggleLED()
B) digitalWrite()
C) bitToggle()
D) setLED()

Answer: B) digitalWrite()

45. What does the #ifdef directive do in Embedded C?

A) Checks if a macro is defined before including code
B) Defines a macro
C) Includes a header file
D) Defines a constant

Answer: A) Checks if a macro is defined before including code

46. How is a function prototype declared in Embedded C?

A) By specifying the function name and parameter types before the function definition
B) By defining the function body
C) By using the #include directive
D) By using the extern keyword

Answer: A) By specifying the function name and parameter types before the function definition

47. What is the purpose of a header file in Embedded C?

A) To declare functions and variables to be used in multiple files
B) To define constants
C) To allocate memory dynamically
D) To create a new data type

Answer: A) To declare functions and variables to be used in multiple files

48. Which function is used to configure the UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter) in Embedded C?

A) uartConfig()
B) configureUART()
C) initUART()
D) setupUART()

Answer: C) initUART()

49. How can you ensure a variable retains its value between function calls in Embedded C?

A) By using the static keyword
B) By using the const keyword
C) By using the volatile keyword
D) By using the extern keyword

Answer: A) By using the static keyword

50. What is the typical use of a union in Embedded C?

A) To store different data types in the same memory location
B) To create a multi-dimensional array
C) To handle strings
D) To perform arithmetic operations

Answer: A) To store different data types in the same memory location

51. What is the function of the switch statement in Embedded C?

A) To execute different code blocks based on the value of an expression
B) To declare multiple variables
C) To perform arithmetic operations
D) To manage file input and output

Answer: A) To execute different code blocks based on the value of an expression

52. What is the purpose of the sizeof operator in Embedded C?

A) To determine the size of a data type or variable in bytes
B) To allocate memory dynamically
C) To define constants
D) To access specific memory addresses

Answer: A) To determine the size of a data type or variable in bytes

53. Which function is used to perform bitwise NOT operation in Embedded C?

A) ~
B) &
C) |
D) ^

Answer: A) ~

54. How is a single bit of a variable accessed in Embedded C?

A) By using bit masking
B) By using array indexing
C) By using pointer arithmetic
D) By using the sizeof operator

Answer: A) By using bit masking

55. What is the typical use of a typedef in Embedded C?

A) To create an alias for a data type
B) To define a macro
C) To declare a global variable
D) To include external files

Answer: A) To create an alias for a data type

56. What is the purpose of the main() function in an Embedded C program?

A) To define the entry point of the program
B) To handle hardware interrupts
C) To perform file operations
D) To allocate memory dynamically

Answer: A) To define the entry point of the program

57. Which function is used to initialize an external interrupt in Embedded C?

A) initInterrupt()
B) configureInterrupt()
C) setupInterrupt()
D) externalInterruptInit()

Answer: B) configureInterrupt()

58. What does the keyword auto specify in Embedded C?

A) The storage class of a variable within a function
B) The return type of a function
C) The access specifier for a variable
D) The data type of a variable

Answer: A) The storage class of a variable within a function

59. How is a multi-dimensional array initialized in Embedded C?

A) By specifying the values for all dimensions at once
B) By declaring the array and assigning values to individual elements
C) By using a loop to initialize elements
D) By using the typedef keyword

Answer: A) By specifying the values for all dimensions at once

60. What is the typical use of a pragma directive in Embedded C?

A) To provide additional information to the compiler
B) To declare global variables
C) To define constants
D) To create new functions

Answer: A) To provide additional information to the compiler

61. What does the keyword inline indicate in Embedded C?

A) The function code should be included in each location where the function is called
B) The function should be executed asynchronously
C) The function should be called with parameters
D) The function should not be used

Answer: A) The function code should be included in each location where the function is called

62. What is the function of a preprocessor directive in Embedded C?

A) To process code before compilation
B) To allocate memory dynamically
C) To handle file input and output
D) To manage hardware interrupts

Answer: A) To process code before compilation

63. What is the correct syntax for defining a macro in Embedded C?

A) #define MACRO_NAME value
B) define MACRO_NAME value
C) macro MACRO_NAME value
D) #macro MACRO_NAME value

Answer: A) #define MACRO_NAME value

64. Which function is used to free dynamically allocated memory in Embedded C?

A) free()
B) delete()
C) release()
D) deallocate()

Answer: A) free()

65. How is a bitwise left shift operation performed in Embedded C?

A) Using the << operator
B) Using the >> operator
C) Using the & operator
D) Using the | operator

Answer: A) Using the << operator

66. What does the keyword static prevent in Embedded C?

A) The function or variable from being accessible outside its scope
B) The variable from changing its value
C) The function from being called
D) The memory from being allocated dynamically

Answer: A) The function or variable from being accessible outside its scope

67. What is the role of the #if directive in Embedded C?

A) To conditionally include code based on whether a macro is defined
B) To define a macro
C) To include a header file
D) To specify a storage class

Answer: A) To conditionally include code based on whether a macro is defined

68. What is the use of the switch-case construct in Embedded C?

A) To execute code based on the value of an expression
B) To iterate over a range of values
C) To define new data types
D) To handle file operations

Answer: A) To execute code based on the value of an expression

69. What does the keyword const do in Embedded C?

A) Specifies that a variable’s value cannot be changed
B) Allocates memory dynamically
C) Defines a macro
D) Includes a header file

Answer: A) Specifies that a variable’s value cannot be changed

70. What is the purpose of the main() function in an Embedded C program?

A) To serve as the entry point of the program
B) To handle hardware interrupts
C) To perform file operations
D) To allocate memory dynamically

Answer: A) To serve as the entry point of the program

71. Which function is used to configure a timer in Embedded C?

A) configureTimer()
B) initTimer()
C) setupTimer()
D) timerConfig()

Answer: B) initTimer()

72. How do you define a constant in Embedded C?

A) By using the #define directive
B) By using the const keyword
C) By using the static keyword
D) By using the extern keyword

Answer: A) By using the #define directive

73. What is the purpose of the continue statement in Embedded C?

A) To skip the current iteration of a loop and continue with the next iteration
B) To exit a loop
C) To break out of a switch-case construct
D) To return a value from a function

Answer: A) To skip the current iteration of a loop and continue with the next iteration

74. What does the keyword typedef do in Embedded C?

A) Creates an alias for an existing data type
B) Defines a new data type
C) Declares global variables
D) Allocates memory dynamically

Answer: A) Creates an alias for an existing data type

75. Which function is used to read data from an analog input in Embedded C?

A) analogRead()
B) readAnalog()
C) getAnalog()
D) inputAnalog()

Answer: A) analogRead()

76. How do you define an array of integers in Embedded C?

A) int arr[size];
B) int array[size];
C) int[] arr;
D) int array[];

Answer: A) int arr[size];

77. What does the keyword register suggest in Embedded C?

A) The variable should be stored in a CPU register for faster access
B) The variable should be stored in memory
C) The variable should be static
D) The variable should be volatile

Answer: A) The variable should be stored in a CPU register for faster access

78. What is the purpose of the exit() function in Embedded C?

A) To terminate the program execution
B) To initialize hardware peripherals
C) To perform file operations
D) To allocate memory dynamically

Answer: A) To terminate the program execution

79. How do you perform a bitwise OR operation in Embedded C?

A) Using the | operator
B) Using the & operator
C) Using the ^ operator
D) Using the ~ operator

Answer: A) Using the | operator

80. What is the purpose of the #endif directive in Embedded C?

A) To close a conditional block started by #if
B) To define a macro
C) To include a header file
D) To specify a storage class

Answer: A) To close a conditional block started by #if