1. What does PID stand for in PID control?
A) Proportional-Integral-Derivative
B) Proportional-Integral-Difference
C) Proportional-Independent-Derivative
D) Proportional-Inductive-Derivative

Answer: A) Proportional-Integral-Derivative

2. What is the primary function of the proportional (P) term in a PID controller?
A) To adjust the output based on the magnitude of the error
B) To eliminate steady-state error
C) To predict future errors
D) To integrate past errors

Answer: A) To adjust the output based on the magnitude of the error

3. What does the integral (I) term in a PID controller do?
A) It sums up past errors to eliminate steady-state error
B) It adjusts the system based on the rate of error change
C) It corrects the system based on the current error
D) It predicts future errors based on current data

Answer: A) It sums up past errors to eliminate steady-state error

4. What is the purpose of the derivative (D) term in a PID controller?
A) To predict future errors based on the rate of error change
B) To sum up past errors
C) To adjust the output based on the magnitude of the error
D) To eliminate steady-state error

Answer: A) To predict future errors based on the rate of error change

5. What is “PID tuning”?
A) The process of adjusting the proportional, integral, and derivative gains to achieve desired performance
B) The process of measuring system output
C) The process of calculating steady-state error
D) The process of designing the system’s feedback loop

Answer: A) The process of adjusting the proportional, integral, and derivative gains to achieve desired performance

6. What effect does increasing the proportional gain (Kp) have on a PID controller?
A) It decreases the steady-state error but may increase overshoot and oscillations
B) It decreases the system’s response time
C) It increases the system’s stability margin
D) It eliminates the need for integral and derivative terms

Answer: A) It decreases the steady-state error but may increase overshoot and oscillations

7. How does increasing the integral gain (Ki) affect the PID controller?
A) It reduces steady-state error but can cause increased overshoot and oscillations
B) It improves the system’s response time
C) It decreases the rate of error change
D) It eliminates the need for proportional gain

Answer: A) It reduces steady-state error but can cause increased overshoot and oscillations

8. What effect does increasing the derivative gain (Kd) have on a PID controller?
A) It improves the stability and reduces overshoot by responding to the rate of change of the error
B) It increases the steady-state error
C) It eliminates the need for proportional and integral gains
D) It decreases the system’s response time

Answer: A) It improves the stability and reduces overshoot by responding to the rate of change of the error

9. In a PID controller, what does “derivative kick” refer to?
A) An undesirable spike in the control output caused by sudden changes in the error signal
B) The delay in the feedback loop
C) The steady-state error in the system
D) The time required for the controller to stabilize

Answer: A) An undesirable spike in the control output caused by sudden changes in the error signal

10. What is “integral windup” in a PID controller?
A) The condition where the integral term accumulates excessively due to prolonged large errors, leading to overshoot
B) The delay in the system response
C) The initial response time of the system
D) The effect of noise on the integral term

Answer: A) The condition where the integral term accumulates excessively due to prolonged large errors, leading to overshoot