1. What does marine conservation biology primarily focus on?
A) Studying marine species diversity
B) Investigating marine ecosystem dynamics
C) Protecting and preserving marine biodiversity
D) Analyzing marine pollution effects
Answer: C) Protecting and preserving marine biodiversity
2. Which of the following is a key goal of marine conservation biology?
A) Maximizing exploitation of marine resources
B) Promoting habitat destruction in marine ecosystems
C) Preventing extinction of marine species
D) Encouraging overfishing practices
Answer: C) Preventing extinction of marine species
3. What term refers to the deliberate release of organisms into marine environments?
A) Conservation introduction
B) Bioinvasion
C) Habitat restoration
D) Marine rewilding
Answer: A) Conservation introduction
4. Which of the following is NOT a threat to marine biodiversity?
A) Overfishing
B) Climate change
C) Marine protected areas
D) Pollution
Answer: C) Marine protected areas
5. Which marine conservation strategy focuses on the creation of protected areas to conserve marine biodiversity?
A) Sustainable fishing practices
B) Marine spatial planning
C) Integrated coastal management
D) Marine protected areas
Answer: D) Marine protected areas
6. What term describes the practice of restoring degraded marine habitats to their original state?
A) Marine conservation
B) Marine rewilding
C) Habitat restoration
D) Marine rehabilitation
Answer: C) Habitat restoration
7. Which of the following marine organisms is most commonly affected by marine debris?
A) Corals
B) Sharks
C) Sea turtles
D) Phytoplankton
Answer: C) Sea turtles
8. What is the primary cause of coral reef degradation worldwide?
A) Climate change
B) Overfishing
C) Pollution
D) Invasive species
Answer: A) Climate change
9. Which marine conservation approach involves the establishment of networks of protected areas connected by corridors?
A) Marine spatial planning
B) Marine rewilding
C) Marine protected areas
D) Habitat restoration
Answer: A) Marine spatial planning
10. What term describes the phenomenon where nutrients from agricultural runoff lead to excessive algae growth in marine ecosystems?
A) Eutrophication
B) Ocean acidification
C) Coral bleaching
D) Thermal pollution
Answer: A) Eutrophication
11. Which of the following is NOT a direct impact of overfishing on marine ecosystems?
A) Reduction in biodiversity
B) Disruption of food webs
C) Increased coral reef resilience
D) Altered ecosystem dynamics
Answer: C) Increased coral reef resilience
12. What term describes the deliberate killing of marine mammals for commercial purposes?
A) Poaching
B) Overfishing
C) Bycatch
D) Whaling
Answer: D) Whaling
13. Which of the following marine conservation strategies aims to reduce unintentional capture of non-target species during fishing operations?
A) Marine protected areas
B) Sustainable fishing practices
C) Marine spatial planning
D) Habitat restoration
Answer: B) Sustainable fishing practices
14. What term describes the phenomenon where dissolved carbon dioxide in seawater lowers the pH, threatening marine life?
A) Eutrophication
B) Ocean acidification
C) Coral bleaching
D) Thermal pollution
Answer: B) Ocean acidification
15. Which of the following marine organisms is most susceptible to ocean acidification?
A) Corals
B) Fish
C) Phytoplankton
D) Seagrasses
Answer: A) Corals
16. What term describes the practice of intentionally releasing hatchery-raised marine organisms into the wild to boost populations?
A) Reintroduction
B) Marine rewilding
C) Conservation introduction
D) Habitat restoration
Answer: C) Conservation introduction
17. Which of the following marine conservation approaches focuses on maintaining the health of entire marine ecosystems rather than individual species?
A) Marine protected areas
B) Ecosystem-based management
C) Marine rewilding
D) Conservation introduction
Answer: B) Ecosystem-based management
18. What term describes the process of removing invasive species from marine ecosystems to restore native biodiversity?
A) Marine rewilding
B) Conservation introduction
C) Invasive species management
D) Habitat restoration
Answer: C) Invasive species management
19. Which of the following is NOT a common method used in marine conservation biology?
A) Marine rewilding
B) Habitat destruction
C) Marine protected areas
D) Sustainable fishing practices
Answer: B) Habitat destruction
20. What term describes the deliberate release of previously captive marine animals into their natural habitats?
A) Reintroduction
B) Marine rewilding
C) Conservation introduction
D) Habitat restoration
Answer: A) Reintroduction
21. Which of the following marine conservation approaches involves restoring coastal habitats like mangroves and salt marshes?
A) Marine rewilding
B) Conservation introduction
C) Habitat restoration
D) Invasive species management
Answer: C) Habitat restoration
22. What is the primary purpose of establishing marine protected areas (MPAs)?
A) To promote commercial fishing
B) To conserve and protect marine biodiversity
C) To facilitate marine pollution
D) To encourage overfishing
Answer: B) To conserve and protect marine biodiversity
23. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of marine protected areas (MPAs)?
A) Supporting fish population recovery
B) Enhancing tourism revenue
C) Facilitating destructive fishing practices
D) Promoting scientific research
Answer: C) Facilitating destructive fishing practices
24. What term describes the practice of restoring damaged or degraded coral reefs?
A) Marine conservation
B) Coral farming
C) Coral bleaching
D) Coral reef restoration
Answer: D) Coral reef restoration
25. Which of the following is a primary threat to sea turtle populations?
A) Ocean acidification
B) Habitat destruction
C) Eutrophication
D) Thermal pollution
Answer: B) Habitat destruction
26. What term describes the process of reviving degraded marine habitats to support healthy ecosystems?
A) Marine rewilding
B) Marine restoration
C) Marine conservation
D) Marine rehabilitation
Answer: B) Marine restoration
27. Which of the following is a common method used in marine habitat restoration projects?
A) Introduction of invasive species
B) Destruction of coral reefs
C) Removal of marine debris
D) Overfishing
Answer: C) Removal of marine debris
28. What term describes the loss of genetic diversity within a population due to reduced population size?
A) Inbreeding depression
B) Genetic drift
C) Extinction vortex
D) Population bottleneck
Answer: D) Population bottleneck
29. Which of the following is NOT a major threat to marine mammals?
A) Pollution
B) Overfishing
C) Climate change
D) Whaling
Answer: B) Overfishing