Conservation Genetics of Animal mcqs
1. What is the primary goal of conservation genetics? A) To study the genetic diversity of wild populations
B) To improve agricultural crop genetics
C) To enhance genetic engineering techniques
D) To increase the profitability of livestock breeding
Answer: A) To study the genetic diversity of wild populations
2. Which of the following factors contributes to genetic diversity within a population? A) Mutation
B) Genetic drift
C) Gene flow
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
3. What term describes the loss of genetic diversity when a population is greatly reduced in size? A) Genetic bottleneck
B) Founder effect
C) Genetic drift
D) Gene flow
Answer: A) Genetic bottleneck
4. Which of the following statements about genetic drift is true? A) Genetic drift has a greater effect on large populations.
B) Genetic drift occurs due to the movement of genes between populations.
C) Genetic drift increases genetic diversity within populations.
D) Genetic drift is more pronounced in small populations.
Answer: D) Genetic drift is more pronounced in small populations.
5. What term describes the movement of genes between populations as a result of individual movement or dispersal? A) Genetic drift
B) Genetic bottleneck
C) Gene flow
D) Mutation
Answer: C) Gene flow
6. Which of the following is a consequence of reduced genetic diversity in a population? A) Increased adaptability to environmental changes
B) Decreased susceptibility to disease outbreaks
C) Increased risk of inbreeding depression
D) Enhanced reproductive success
Answer: C) Increased risk of inbreeding depression
7. What term describes the process of restoring or maintaining genetic diversity within a population? A) Genetic drift
B) Genetic rescue
C) Genetic bottleneck
D) Genetic conservation
Answer: D) Genetic conservation
8. Which of the following is a genetic tool used in conservation genetics to assess population genetic diversity? A) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
B) Western blotting
C) Microarray analysis
D) DNA fingerprinting
Answer: D) DNA fingerprinting
9. What term describes the loss of genetic variation when a small number of individuals establish a new population in a new area? A) Genetic drift
B) Founder effect
C) Gene flow
D) Genetic bottleneck
Answer: B) Founder effect
10. Which of the following is a strategy used to mitigate the effects of genetic bottlenecks in conservation? A) Introducing unrelated individuals into the population
B) Reducing the population size further
C) Ignoring the genetic composition of the population
D) Focusing solely on captive breeding programs
Answer: A) Introducing unrelated individuals into the population
11. What term describes the process of breeding individuals within a population that are more closely related than expected by chance? A) Genetic drift
B) Genetic bottleneck
C) Inbreeding
D) Gene flow
Answer: C) Inbreeding
12. Which of the following statements about inbreeding depression is true? A) Inbreeding depression increases genetic diversity within populations.
B) Inbreeding depression leads to increased fitness and reproductive success.
C) Inbreeding depression can lead to reduced fitness and increased susceptibility to disease.
D) Inbreeding depression only affects populations with high genetic diversity.
Answer: C) Inbreeding depression can lead to reduced fitness and increased susceptibility to disease.
13. What term describes the intentional introduction of unrelated individuals into a population to increase genetic diversity? A) Genetic drift
B) Genetic bottleneck
C) Outbreeding
D) Inbreeding
Answer: C) Outbreeding
14. Which of the following techniques is used in conservation genetics to preserve genetic material from endangered species? A) Cloning
B) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
C) DNA sequencing
D) Cryopreservation
Answer: D) Cryopreservation
15. What term describes the process of restoring a population to its original genetic diversity through the introduction of individuals from other populations? A) Genetic drift
B) Genetic bottleneck
C) Genetic rescue
D) Inbreeding
Answer: C) Genetic rescue
16. Which of the following factors contributes to genetic drift in small populations? A) High gene flow
B) Large population size
C) Random sampling of individuals for reproduction
D) Stable environmental conditions
Answer: C) Random sampling of individuals for reproduction
17. What term describes the loss of genetic diversity when a small group of individuals establishes a new population in a new area? A) Genetic drift
B) Founder effect
C) Gene flow
D) Genetic bottleneck
Answer: B) Founder effect
18. Which of the following is an example of a genetic tool used in conservation genetics to assess population genetic diversity? A) DNA fingerprinting
B) ELISA assay
C) Microarray analysis
D) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Answer: A) DNA fingerprinting
19. What term describes the process of breeding individuals within a population that are more closely related than expected by chance? A) Genetic drift
B) Genetic bottleneck
C) Inbreeding
D) Gene flow
Answer: C) Inbreeding
20. Which of the following statements about inbreeding depression in wildlife populations is true? A) Inbreeding depression increases genetic diversity within populations.
B) Inbreeding depression results in increased fitness and reproductive success.
C) Inbreeding depression can lead to reduced fitness and increased susceptibility to disease.
D) Inbreeding depression only affects populations with high genetic diversity.
Answer: C) Inbreeding depression can lead to reduced fitness and increased susceptibility to disease.
21. What term describes the process of introducing unrelated individuals into a population to increase genetic diversity? A) Genetic drift
B) Genetic bottleneck
C) Outbreeding
D) Inbreeding
Answer: C) Outbreeding
22. Which of the following is an example of assisted reproductive technologies used in wildlife genetics conservation? A) Artificial insemination
B) Cloning
C) In vitro fertilization
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
23. What term describes the loss of genetic variation when a small number of individuals establish a new population in a new area? A) Founder effect
B) Genetic drift
C) Gene flow
D) Genetic bottleneck
Answer: A) Founder effect
24. Which of the following statements about genetic rescue in wildlife populations is true? A) Genetic rescue involves the intentional introduction of harmful alleles into a population.
B) Genetic rescue can only be achieved through artificial means such as genetic engineering.
C) Genetic rescue aims to increase genetic diversity and reduce inbreeding depression.
D) Genetic rescue leads to a decrease in population size and increased vulnerability to extinction.
Answer: C) Genetic rescue aims to increase genetic diversity and reduce inbreeding depression.
25. What term describes the process of restoring or maintaining genetic diversity within a population? A) Genetic drift
B) Genetic rescue
C) Genetic bottleneck
D) Genetic conservation
Answer: D) Genetic conservation
26. Which of the following statements about genetic diversity in wildlife populations is true? A) Genetic diversity is irrelevant for the long-term survival of wildlife populations.
B) Higher genetic diversity reduces a population’s adaptability to environmental changes.
C) Genetic diversity enhances a population’s ability to adapt to changing environments.
D) Genetic diversity has no impact on the fitness of individuals within a population.
Answer: C) Genetic diversity enhances a population’s ability to adapt to changing environments.
27. What term describes the movement of genes between populations as a result of individual movement or dispersal? A) Genetic drift
B) Genetic bottleneck
C) Gene flow
D) Mutation
Answer: C) Gene flow
28. Which of the following factors can contribute to genetic bottlenecks in wildlife populations? A) Overhunting
B) Habitat destruction
C) Pollution
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
29. What term describes the random change in allele frequencies within a population over time? A) Genetic drift
B) Genetic bottleneck
C) Gene flow
D) Mutation
Answer: A) Genetic drift
30. Which of the following statements about mutation in wildlife populations is true? A) Mutation is a common mechanism for introducing genetic variation within populations.
B) Mutation rates are typically higher in large populations.
C) Mutation always leads to harmful effects on population fitness.
D) Mutation is more frequent in populations with low genetic diversity.
Answer: A) Mutation is a common mechanism for introducing genetic variation within populations.
31. What term describes the phenomenon where alleles become fixed in a population due to genetic drift or natural selection? A) Genetic drift
B) Genetic bottleneck
C) Gene flow
D) Genetic fixation
Answer: D) Genetic fixation
32. Which of the following statements about genetic adaptation in wildlife populations is true? A) Genetic adaptation occurs rapidly within a few generations.
B) Genetic adaptation is solely driven by mutation.
C) Genetic adaptation involves the spread of advantageous alleles through natural selection.
D) Genetic adaptation leads to a decrease in genetic diversity within populations.
Answer: C) Genetic adaptation involves the spread of advantageous alleles through natural selection.
33. What term describes the loss of genetic diversity when a small number of individuals establish a new population in a new area? A) Genetic drift
B) Founder effect
C) Gene flow
D) Genetic bottleneck
Answer: B) Founder effect
34. Which of the following strategies is commonly used to maintain genetic diversity in captive breeding programs? A) Breeding individuals from different populations
B) Selecting individuals based solely on physical traits
C) Focusing on the highest-producing individuals
D) Ignoring genetic information in mate selection
Answer: A) Breeding individuals from different populations
35. What term describes the process of introducing unrelated individuals into a population to increase genetic diversity? A) Genetic drift
B) Genetic bottleneck
C) Outbreeding
D) Inbreeding
Answer: C) Outbreeding
36. Which of the following is a genetic technique used to assess the genetic diversity of wildlife populations? A) DNA sequencing
B) Electrophoresis
C) Western blotting
D) Microscopy
Answer: A) DNA sequencing
37. What term describes the phenomenon where alleles become fixed in a population due to genetic drift or natural selection? A) Genetic drift
B) Genetic bottleneck
C) Genetic fixation
D) Gene flow
Answer: C) Genetic fixation
38. Which of the following is a common consequence of a genetic bottleneck in wildlife populations? A) Increased genetic diversity
B) Reduced susceptibility to disease
C) Increased risk of extinction
D) Enhanced adaptability to environmental changes
Answer: C) Increased risk of extinction
39. What term describes the loss of genetic variation when a small number of individuals establish a new population in a new area? A) Genetic drift
B) Founder effect
C) Gene flow
D) Genetic bottleneck
Answer: B) Founder effect
40. Which of the following statements about genetic conservation is true? A) Genetic conservation focuses only on preserving physical habitats.
B) Genetic conservation aims to maintain genetic diversity and prevent extinction.
C) Genetic conservation is not necessary for species with large populations.
D) Genetic conservation involves only captive breeding programs.
Answer: B) Genetic conservation aims to maintain genetic diversity and prevent extinction.
41. What term describes the process of introducing unrelated individuals into a population to increase genetic diversity? A) Genetic drift
B) Genetic bottleneck
C) Outbreeding
D) Inbreeding
Answer: C) Outbreeding
42. Which of the following factors contributes to genetic drift in small populations? A) High gene flow
B) Large population size
C) Random sampling of individuals for reproduction
D) Stable environmental conditions
Answer: C) Random sampling of individuals for reproduction
43. What term describes the phenomenon where allele frequencies become fixed in a population due to genetic drift? A) Genetic drift
B) Genetic bottleneck
C) Genetic fixation
D) Gene flow
Answer: C) Genetic fixation
44. Which of the following statements about genetic rescue in wildlife populations is true? A) Genetic rescue involves the introduction of individuals with harmful alleles.
B) Genetic rescue aims to increase genetic diversity and reduce inbreeding depression.
C) Genetic rescue leads to a decrease in population size and increased vulnerability to extinction.
D) Genetic rescue is achieved through the intentional selection of inbred individuals.
Answer: B) Genetic rescue aims to increase genetic diversity and reduce inbreeding depression.
45. What term describes the loss of genetic variation when a small number of individuals establish a new population in a new area? A) Founder effect
B) Genetic drift
C) Gene flow
D) Genetic bottleneck
Answer: A) Founder effect
46. Which of the following is a genetic tool used in conservation genetics to assess population genetic diversity? A) DNA fingerprinting
B) ELISA assay
C) Microarray analysis
D) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Answer: A) DNA fingerprinting
47. What term describes the process of restoring or maintaining genetic diversity within a population? A) Genetic drift
B) Genetic rescue
C) Genetic bottleneck
D) Genetic conservation
Answer: D) Genetic conservation
48. Which of the following statements about inbreeding depression in wildlife populations is true? A) Inbreeding depression increases genetic diversity within populations.
B) Inbreeding depression results in increased fitness and reproductive success.
C) Inbreeding depression can lead to reduced fitness and increased susceptibility to disease.
D) Inbreeding depression only affects populations with high genetic diversity.
Answer: C) Inbreeding depression can lead to reduced fitness and increased susceptibility to disease.
49. What term describes the movement of genes between populations as a result of individual movement or dispersal? A) Genetic drift
B) Genetic bottleneck
C) Gene flow
D) Mutation
Answer: C) Gene flow
50. Which of the following strategies is commonly used to maintain genetic diversity in captive breeding programs? A) Breeding individuals from different populations
B) Selecting individuals based solely on physical traits
C) Focusing on the highest-producing individuals
D) Ignoring genetic information in mate selection
Answer: A) Breeding individuals from different populations
51. What term describes the random change in allele frequencies within a population over time? A) Genetic drift
B) Genetic bottleneck
C) Gene flow
D) Mutation
Answer: A) Genetic drift
52. Which of the following is a genetic technique used to assess the genetic diversity of wildlife populations? A) DNA sequencing
B) Electrophoresis
C) Western blotting
D) Microscopy
Answer: A) DNA sequencing
53. What term describes the process of restoring a population to its original genetic diversity through the introduction of individuals from other populations? A) Genetic drift
B) Genetic bottleneck
C) Genetic rescue
D) Inbreeding
Answer: C) Genetic rescue
54. Which of the following factors can contribute to genetic bottlenecks in wildlife populations? A) Overhunting
B) Habitat destruction
C) Pollution
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
55. What term describes the loss of genetic variation when a small number of individuals establish a new population in a new area? A) Founder effect
B) Genetic drift
C) Gene flow
D) Genetic bottleneck
Answer: A) Founder effect
56. Which of the following is a consequence of reduced genetic diversity in a population? A) Increased adaptability to environmental changes
B) Decreased susceptibility to disease outbreaks
C) Increased risk of inbreeding depression
D) Enhanced reproductive success
Answer: C) Increased risk of inbreeding depression
57. What term describes the intentional introduction of unrelated individuals into a population to increase genetic diversity? A) Genetic drift
B) Genetic bottleneck
C) Outbreeding
D) Inbreeding
Answer: C) Outbreeding
58. Which of the following is a genetic tool used in conservation genetics to assess population genetic diversity? A) DNA fingerprinting
B) ELISA assay
C) Microarray analysis
D) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Answer: A) DNA fingerprinting
59. What term describes the process of introducing unrelated individuals into a population to increase genetic diversity? A) Genetic drift
B) Genetic bottleneck
C) Outbreeding
D) Inbreeding
Answer: C) Outbreeding
60. Which of the following statements about genetic adaptation in wildlife populations is true? A) Genetic adaptation occurs rapidly within a few generations.
B) Genetic adaptation is solely driven by mutation.
C) Genetic adaptation involves the spread of advantageous alleles through natural selection.
D) Genetic adaptation leads to a decrease in genetic diversity within populations.
Answer: C) Genetic adaptation involves the spread of advantageous alleles through natural selection.
61. What term describes the process of introducing unrelated individuals into a population to increase genetic diversity? A) Genetic drift
B) Genetic bottleneck
C) Outbreeding
D) Inbreeding
Answer: C) Outbreeding
62. Which of the following statements about inbreeding depression in wildlife populations is true? A) Inbreeding depression increases genetic diversity within populations.
B) Inbreeding depression results in increased fitness and reproductive success.
C) Inbreeding depression can lead to reduced fitness and increased susceptibility to disease.
D) Inbreeding depression only affects populations with high genetic diversity.
Answer: C) Inbreeding depression can lead to reduced fitness and increased susceptibility to disease.
63. What term describes the process of introducing unrelated individuals into a population to increase genetic diversity? A) Genetic drift
B) Genetic bottleneck
C) Outbreeding
D) Inbreeding
Answer: C) Outbreeding
64. Which of the following factors contributes to genetic drift in small populations? A) High gene flow
B) Large population size
C) Random sampling of individuals for reproduction
D) Stable environmental conditions
Answer: C) Random sampling of individuals for reproduction
65. What term describes the loss of genetic variation when a small number of individuals establish a new population in a new area? A) Founder effect
B) Genetic drift
C) Gene flow
D) Genetic bottleneck
Answer: A) Founder effect
66. Which of the following statements about genetic conservation is true? A) Genetic conservation focuses only on preserving physical habitats.
B) Genetic conservation aims to maintain genetic diversity and prevent extinction.
C) Genetic conservation is not necessary for species with large populations.
D) Genetic conservation involves only captive breeding programs.
Answer: B) Genetic conservation aims to maintain genetic diversity and prevent extinction.
67. What term describes the introduction of unrelated individuals into a population to increase genetic diversity? A) Genetic drift
B) Genetic bottleneck
C) Outbreeding
D) Inbreeding
Answer: C) Outbreeding
68. Which of the following is a genetic technique used to assess the genetic diversity of wildlife populations? A) DNA sequencing
B) Electrophoresis
C) Western blotting
D) Microscopy
Answer: A) DNA sequencing
69. What term describes the random change in allele frequencies within a population over time? A) Genetic drift
B) Genetic bottleneck
C) Gene flow
D) Mutation
Answer: A) Genetic drift
70. Which of the following is a consequence of reduced genetic diversity in a population? A) Increased adaptability to environmental changes
B) Decreased susceptibility to disease outbreaks
C) Increased risk of inbreeding depression
D) Enhanced reproductive success
Answer: C) Increased risk of inbreeding depression
71. What term describes the process of restoring or maintaining genetic diversity within a population? A) Genetic drift
B) Genetic rescue
C) Genetic bottleneck
D) Genetic conservation
Answer: D) Genetic conservation
72. Which of the following factors can contribute to genetic bottlenecks in wildlife populations? A) Overhunting
B) Habitat destruction
C) Pollution
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
73. What term describes the loss of genetic variation when a small number of individuals establish a new population in a new area? A) Founder effect
B) Genetic drift
C) Gene flow
D) Genetic bottleneck
Answer: A) Founder effect
74. Which of the following is a genetic tool used in conservation genetics to assess population genetic diversity? A) DNA fingerprinting
B) ELISA assay
C) Microarray analysis
D) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Answer: A) DNA fingerprinting
75. What term describes the phenomenon where alleles become fixed in a population due to genetic drift or natural selection? A) Genetic drift
B) Genetic bottleneck
C) Genetic fixation
D) Gene flow
Answer: C) Genetic fixation
76. Which of the following strategies is commonly used to maintain genetic diversity in captive breeding programs? A) Breeding individuals from different populations
B) Selecting individuals based solely on physical traits
C) Focusing on the highest-producing individuals
D) Ignoring genetic information in mate selection
Answer: A) Breeding individuals from different populations
77. What term describes the process of introducing unrelated individuals into a population to increase genetic diversity? A) Genetic drift
B) Genetic bottleneck
C) Outbreeding
D) Inbreeding
Answer: C) Outbreeding
78. Which of the following statements about genetic adaptation in wildlife populations is true? A) Genetic adaptation occurs rapidly within a few generations.
B) Genetic adaptation is solely driven by mutation.
C) Genetic adaptation involves the spread of advantageous alleles through natural selection.
D) Genetic adaptation leads to a decrease in genetic diversity within populations.
Answer: C) Genetic adaptation involves the spread of advantageous alleles through natural selection.
79. What term describes the process of restoring a population to its original genetic diversity through the introduction of individuals from other populations? A) Genetic drift
B) Genetic bottleneck
C) Genetic rescue
D) Inbreeding
Answer: C) Genetic rescue
80. Which of the following is a common consequence of a genetic bottleneck in wildlife populations? A) Increased genetic diversity
B) Reduced susceptibility to disease
C) Increased risk of extinction
D) Enhanced adaptability to environmental changes
Answer: C) Increased risk of extinction