Comparative Physiology of Animal mcqs

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1. Which of the following is NOT a major tissue type found in animals?
(A) Vascular tissue
(B) Epithelial tissue
(C) Muscular tissue
(D) Nervous tissue

2. What type of muscle is found in the walls of blood vessels and the digestive tract?
(A) Smooth muscle
(B) Cardiac muscle
(C) Skeletal muscle
(D) Striated muscle

3. Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system in animals?
(A) Support
(B) Protection of internal organs
(C) Production of blood cells
(D) Regulation of body temperature

4. What is the term for the process by which animals maintain a stable internal environment despite external fluctuations?
(A) Adaptation
(B) Thermoregulation
(C) Osmoregulation
(D) Homeostasis

5. Which organ is responsible for the production of urine in mammals?
(A) Kidneys
(B) Liver
(C) Lungs
(D) Pancreas

6. What is the primary function of the respiratory system in animals?
(A) Digestion of food
(B) Regulation of body temperature
(C) Transport of oxygen to cells
(D) Removal of metabolic waste

7. Which of the following is NOT a component of the respiratory system in mammals?
(A) Trachea
(B) Bronchi
(C) Alveoli
(D) Nephron

8. What is the process by which oxygen is transported from the lungs to body tissues?
(A) Diffusion
(B) Osmosis
(C) Respiration
(D) Circulation

9. Which organ is responsible for the production of bile in mammals?
(A) Pancreas
(B) Stomach
(C) Gallbladder
(D) Liver

10. What is the primary function of the digestive system in animals?
(A) Transport of nutrients to cells
(B) Regulation of body temperature
(C) Removal of metabolic waste
(D) Transport of oxygen to cells

11. Which is NOT a component of the digestive system in mammals?
(A) Esophagus
(B) Kidneys
(C) Stomach
(D) Small intestine

12. What is the process by which food is broken down into absorbable molecules?
(A) Digestion
(B) Absorption
(C) Circulation
(D) Respiration

13. Which organ produces insulin in mammals?
(A) Liver
(B) Stomach
(C) Kidneys
(D) Pancreas

14. What is the primary function of the endocrine system?
(A) Regulation of hormone levels
(B) Transport of nutrients
(C) Regulation of body temperature
(D) Removal of waste

15. Which is NOT a component of the endocrine system?
(A) Thyroid gland
(B) Pituitary gland
(C) Adrenal gland
(D) Kidneys

16. What is the process by which animals convert food into energy?
(A) Metabolism
(B) Digestion
(C) Respiration
(D) Absorption

17. Which is NOT a component of the nervous system?
(A) Brain
(B) Heart
(C) Spinal cord
(D) Peripheral nerves

18. What is the primary function of the nervous system?
(A) Regulation of hormone levels
(B) Transport of nutrients
(C) Control of body movements
(D) Removal of waste

19. Which is NOT a type of neuron?
(A) Sensory neuron
(B) Motor neuron
(C) Interneuron
(D) Connector neuron

20. What are the specialized cells that transmit electrical signals?
(A) Hormones
(B) Neurons
(C) Blood cells
(D) Enzymes

21. Which is NOT a function of the integumentary system?
(A) Production of hormones
(B) Regulation of body temperature
(C) Protection from damage
(D) Sensation of touch

22. What is the primary function of the immune system?
(A) Regulation of body temperature
(B) Production of hormones
(C) Protection from pathogens
(D) Sensation of touch

23. Which is NOT a component of the immune system?
(A) White blood cells
(B) Brain
(C) Lymph nodes
(D) Antibodies

24. What is the process by which animals recognize and defend against pathogens?
(A) Inflammation
(B) Immunity
(C) Antigen recognition
(D) Pathogen detection

25. Which organ produces red blood cells?
(A) Liver
(B) Bone marrow
(C) Kidneys
(D) Spleen

26. What is the process by which blood is pumped through the body?
(A) Absorption
(B) Respiration
(C) Digestion
(D) Circulation

27. Which is NOT part of the circulatory system?
(A) Heart
(B) Arteries
(C) Lungs
(D) Veins

28. What is the primary function of the circulatory system?
(A) Protection from pathogens
(B) Transport of oxygen and nutrients
(C) Regulation of temperature
(D) Control of movements

29. What is the fluid portion of blood called?
(A) White blood cells
(B) Platelets
(C) Red blood cells
(D) Plasma

30. Which is NOT a type of blood vessel?
(A) Neuron
(B) Vein
(C) Capillary
(D) Artery

31. What is the process of regulating body temperature?
(A) Osmoregulation
(B) Thermoregulation
(C) Homeostasis
(D) Adaptation

32. Which is NOT a thermoregulation mechanism?
(A) Sweating
(B) Shivering
(C) Vasodilation
(D) Respiration

33. What is the process of regulating water and solute balance?
(A) Thermoregulation
(B) Homeostasis
(C) Osmoregulation
(D) Adaptation

34. Which is NOT an osmoregulation mechanism?
(A) Excretion of excess water
(B) Vasodilation
(C) Secretion of ADH
(D) Reabsorption of water

35. What is the process of eliminating metabolic waste?
(A) Respiration
(B) Digestion
(C) Excretion
(D) Absorption

36. Which organ is NOT part of the excretory system?
(A) Skin
(B) Kidneys
(C) Bladder
(D) Liver

37. What is the primary excretory product of kidneys?
(A) Urea
(B) Carbon dioxide
(C) Glucose
(D) Oxygen

38. What is the process of converting ammonia into less toxic substances?
(A) Ammonia detoxification
(B) Urea synthesis
(C) Uric acid formation
(D) Nitrogen fixation

39. Which is NOT a nitrogenous waste?
(A) Ammonia
(B) Urea
(C) Carbon dioxide
(D) Uric acid

40. What is the process of eliminating nitrogenous waste as solid crystals?
(A) Ammonification
(B) Urea synthesis
(C) Uric acid formation
(D) Nitrogen fixation

41. Which is NOT a urinary system function?
(A) Regulation of blood pressure
(B) Regulation of blood pH
(C) Regulation of electrolyte balance
(D) Regulation of body temperature

42. What is the evaporation-based heat removal process?
(A) Vasodilation
(B) Shivering
(C) Sweating
(D) Respiration

43. Which is NOT a heat exchange mechanism?
(A) Conduction
(B) Convection
(C) Radiation
(D) Absorption

44. What is the process of converting light energy into chemical energy?
(A) Cellular respiration
(B) Photosynthesis
(C) Oxidative phosphorylation
(D) Chemiosmosis

45. Which is NOT a type of sensory receptor?
(A) Hormonereceptors
(B) Chemoreceptors
(C) Thermoreceptors
(D) Photoreceptors

46. What is the process of converting chemical energy in food into ATP?
(A) Photosynthesis
(B) Chemiosmosis
(C) Oxidative phosphorylation
(D) Cellular respiration

47. Which is NOT a stage of cellular respiration?
(A) Glycolysis
(B) Krebs cycle
(C) Fermentation
(D) Electron transport chain

48. What is the process of producing ATP without oxygen?
(A) Glycolysis
(B) Krebs cycle
(C) Electron transport chain
(D) Fermentation

49. Which is NOT a product of cellular respiration?
(A) Carbon dioxide
(B) Water
(C) ATP
(D) Glucose

50. What is the process converting oxygen and glucose into CO₂, water, and ATP?
(A) Photosynthesis
(B) Oxidative phosphorylation
(C) Cellular respiration
(D) Chemiosmosis

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