1. What is the study of the nervous system structure and function across different animal species known as?
A) Comparative psychology
B) Comparative neurobiology
C) Behavioral neuroscience
D) Ethology
Answer: B) Comparative neurobiology
2. Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the nervous system?
A) Sensation
B) Reproduction
C) Integration
D) Motor control
Answer: B) Reproduction
3. Which part of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary movement and sensory perception?
A) Central nervous system
B) Peripheral nervous system
C) Autonomic nervous system
D) Enteric nervous system
Answer: A) Central nervous system
4. What is the role of neurotransmitters in neuronal communication?
A) They synthesize energy for neurons.
B) They transmit electrical signals across synapses.
C) They protect neurons from damage.
D) They regulate the growth of neurons.
Answer: B) They transmit electrical signals across synapses.
5. In which phylum can nervous systems be found in animals for the first time?
A) Porifera
B) Cnidaria
C) Platyhelminthes
D) Annelida
Answer: B) Cnidaria
6. Which of the following animals has a relatively simple nervous system consisting of a nerve net?
A) Flatworm
B) Earthworm
C) Octopus
D) Fish
Answer: A) Flatworm
7. The brain of vertebrates is composed of several regions. Which region is primarily responsible for coordinating motor movements?
A) Cerebellum
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Cerebrum
D) Hypothalamus
Answer: A) Cerebellum
8. Which animal group possesses the most complex brains relative to body size?
A) Birds
B) Mammals
C) Insects
D) Reptiles
Answer: B) Mammals
9. What is the function of the cerebral cortex in mammals?
A) Regulation of heart rate and respiration
B) Coordination of voluntary movements
C) Processing sensory information and higher cognitive functions
D) Regulation of hormonal secretion
Answer: C) Processing sensory information and higher cognitive functions
10. What is the primary neurotransmitter involved in inhibitory signaling in the mammalian nervous system?
A) Acetylcholine
B) Glutamate
C) GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric acid)
D) Dopamine
Answer: C) GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric acid)
11. Which animal group possesses a decentralized nervous system, with ganglia distributed throughout the body?
A) Mollusks
B) Echinoderms
C) Arthropods
D) Chordates
Answer: C) Arthropods
12. What is the function of the optic lobe in the brain of many vertebrates?
A) Auditory processing
B) Visual processing
C) Olfactory processing
D) Motor coordination
Answer: B) Visual processing
13. In which animal group are giant axons found, facilitating rapid conduction of nerve impulses?
A) Fish
B) Insects
C) Mammals
D) Cephalopods
Answer: D) Cephalopods
14. Which neurotransmitter is commonly associated with reward pathways in the brain?
A) Serotonin
B) Norepinephrine
C) Dopamine
D) Endorphins
Answer: C) Dopamine
15. Which animal group exhibits the phenomenon of neurogenesis throughout life, generating new neurons in the brain?
A) Fish
B) Amphibians
C) Birds
D) Mammals
Answer: D) Mammals
16. What is the primary function of the hindbrain in vertebrates?
A) Regulation of body temperature
B) Coordination of motor activities and vital functions
C) Processing sensory information
D) Emotional regulation
Answer: B) Coordination of motor activities and vital functions
17. Which of the following animals possesses a relatively large olfactory bulb compared to its brain size, indicating a strong sense of smell?
A) Primates
B) Birds
C) Fish
D) Insects
Answer: D) Insects
18. Which animal group exhibits remarkable neural regeneration capabilities, even regrowing entire sections of their central nervous system?
A) Fish
B) Mammals
C) Amphibians
D) Reptiles
Answer: C) Amphibians
19. Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the regulation of mood, sleep, and appetite?
A) Dopamine
B) Serotonin
C) GABA
D) Glutamate
Answer: B) Serotonin
20. What is the function of the hypothalamus in the mammalian brain?
A) Regulation of body temperature and hunger
B) Processing visual information
C) Coordination of voluntary movements
D) Memory formation
Answer: A) Regulation of body temperature and hunger
21. In which animal group is the cephalopod nervous system highly centralized, with a large brain and complex sensory organs?
A) Insects
B) Fish
C) Birds
D) Mollusks
Answer: D) Mollusks
22. Which neurotransmitter is associated with the “fight or flight” response in mammals?
A) GABA
B) Acetylcholine
C) Norepinephrine
D) Glutamate
Answer: C) Norepinephrine
23. What is the function of the amygdala in the mammalian brain?
A) Regulation of sleep-wake cycles
B) Emotional processing and memory formation
C) Coordination of voluntary movements
D) Control of autonomic functions
Answer: B) Emotional processing and memory formation
24. Which animal group exhibits a decentralized nervous system with a nerve ring surrounding the pharynx?
A) Flatworms
B) Cnidarians
C) Mollusks
D) Annelids
Answer: B) Cnidarians
25. Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the regulation of attention, arousal, and reward?
A) Serotonin
B) Dopamine
C) Acetylcholine
D) GABA
Answer: B) Dopamine
26. What is the function of the limbic system in the mammalian brain?
A) Regulation of motor coordination
B) Integration of sensory information
C) Emotional regulation and memory formation
D) Control of autonomic functions
Answer: C) Emotional regulation and memory formation
27. Which animal group possesses the most complex nervous system organization among invertebrates?
A) Mollusks
B) Insects
C) Echinoderms
D) Annelids
Answer: A) Mollusks
28. What is the role of glial cells in the nervous system?
A) Transmitting electrical signals between neurons
B) Providing structural support and insulation to neurons
C) Synthesizing neurotransmitters
D) Initiating action potentials
Answer: B) Providing structural support and insulation to neurons
29. Which animal group has a nervous system that includes a nerve ring and radial nerves extending into the arms?
A) Mollusks
B) Insects
C) Echinoderms
D) Annelids
Answer: C) Echinoderms
30. Which neurotransmitter is associated with the regulation of sleep and wakefulness?
A) Serotonin
B) Dopamine
C) Acetylcholine
D) Norepinephrine
Answer: A) Serotonin
31. What is the function of the thalamus in the mammalian brain?
A) Regulation of body temperature
B) Processing sensory information and relaying it to the cerebral cortex
C) Coordination of motor activities
D) Emotional processing
Answer: B) Processing sensory information and relaying it to the cerebral cortex
32. Which animal group exhibits a centralized nervous system with a brain and ganglia along the ventral nerve cord?
A) Flatworms
B) Cnidarians
C) Mollusks
D) Annelids
Answer: A) Flatworms
33. Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with muscle contraction in the peripheral nervous system?
A) Acetylcholine
B) Dopamine
C) Serotonin
D) GABA
Answer: A) Acetylcholine