1. What is the primary function of the immune system in animals?
A) Regulation of metabolism
B) Protection against pathogens
C) Coordination of movement
D) Maintenance of body temperature
Answer: B) Protection against pathogens
2. Which of the following is NOT a component of the innate immune system?
A) Phagocytes
B) Antibodies
C) Natural killer cells
D) Complement proteins
Answer: B) Antibodies
3. Which type of immunity provides immediate, nonspecific defense against pathogens?
A) Innate immunity
B) Adaptive immunity
C) Humoral immunity
D) Cellular immunity
Answer: A) Innate immunity
4. What is the primary role of phagocytes in the immune system?
A) Production of antibodies
B) Activation of T cells
C) Engulfment and destruction of pathogens
D) Secretion of cytokines
Answer: C) Engulfment and destruction of pathogens
5. Which of the following is a characteristic of adaptive immunity?
A) Rapid response to pathogens
B) Non-specific recognition of pathogens
C) Memory of previous pathogen encounters
D) Presence at birth
Answer: C) Memory of previous pathogen encounters
6. What is the main function of T cells in the adaptive immune response?
A) Production of antibodies
B) Direct killing of infected cells
C) Phagocytosis of pathogens
D) Activation of B cells
Answer: B) Direct killing of infected cells
7. Which of the following is a type of adaptive immunity that involves the production of antibodies?
A) Cellular immunity
B) Humoral immunity
C) Innate immunity
D) Passive immunity
Answer: B) Humoral immunity
8. What is the primary function of B cells in the adaptive immune response?
A) Direct killing of infected cells
B) Phagocytosis of pathogens
C) Production of antibodies
D) Activation of T cells
Answer: C) Production of antibodies
9. Which of the following is NOT a type of antigen-presenting cell (APC)?
A) Macrophages
B) B cells
C) Dendritic cells
D) Natural killer cells
Answer: D) Natural killer cells
10. Which type of immunity is acquired through the transfer of antibodies from another individual?
A) Active immunity
B) Passive immunity
C) Innate immunity
D) Acquired immunity
Answer: B) Passive immunity
11. What term describes the ability of the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self antigens?
A) Immune tolerance
B) Immune memory
C) Immune recognition
D) Immune response
Answer: A) Immune tolerance
12. Which of the following cells is involved in both innate and adaptive immunity?
A) Macrophages
B) B cells
C) T cells
D) Natural killer cells
Answer: A) Macrophages
13. Which of the following is a type of cytokine produced by immune cells to regulate the immune response?
A) Histamine
B) Interferon
C) Acetylcholine
D) Serotonin
Answer: B) Interferon
14. What term describes the process by which the immune system remembers previous pathogen encounters?
A) Immune tolerance
B) Immune memory
C) Immune recognition
D) Immune response
Answer: B) Immune memory
15. Which of the following is a characteristic of the adaptive immune response?
A) Immediate response to pathogens
B) Non-specific recognition of pathogens
C) Generation of immunological memory
D) Absence of specificity
Answer: C) Generation of immunological memory