Animal Development MCQS

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1. . Which of the following is NOT a major class of biomolecules in animals?
(A) Carbohydrates
(B) Lipids
(C) Nucleic acids
(D) Metals

2. . What is the primary function of carbohydrates in animals?
(A) Energy storage and structural support
(B) Signaling molecules
(C) Enzyme regulation
(D) Transport of oxygen

3. . Which molecule serves as the primary energy storage form in animals?
(A) Glucose
(B) ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
(C) Glycogen
(D) Lipids

4. . What is the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?
(A) Energy storage
(B) Structural support
(C) Catalyzing chemical reactions
(D) Transport of molecules

5. . Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in animals?
(A) Enzymatic catalysis
(B) Hormone signaling
(C) Genetic information storage
(D) Structural support

6. . What is the function of lipids in cell membranes?
(A) Energy storage
(B) Signaling molecules
(C) Structural components
(D) Enzyme regulation

7. . Which molecule is commonly known as the “universal energy currency” of cells?
(A) Glucose
(B) ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
(C) Glycogen
(D) RNA (ribonucleic acid)

8. . What is the primary function of nucleic acids in animals?
(A) Energy storage
(B) Structural support
(C) Information storage and transmission
(D) Enzyme regulation

9. . Which of the following is a characteristic feature of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)?
(A) Single-stranded structure
(B) Contains ribose sugar
(C) Forms a double helix
(D) Carries out protein synthesis

10. . What is the function of RNA (ribonucleic acid) in protein synthesis?
(A) Carries genetic information
(B) Serves as an enzyme
(C) Transfers amino acids to ribosomes
(D) Stores energy

11. . Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA involved in protein synthesis?
(A) Messenger RNA (mRNA)
(B) Transfer RNA (tRNA)
(C) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
(D) Deoxyribonucleic RNA (drRNA)

12. . What is the function of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) in cellular processes?
(A) Energy storage
(B) Structural support
(C) Enzyme regulation
(D) Transport of molecules

13. . Which cellular organelle is responsible for ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation?
(A) Nucleus
(B) Endoplasmic reticulum
(C) Golgi apparatus
(D) Mitochondrion

14. . What is the primary role of mitochondria in animal cells?
(A) Protein synthesis
(B) Energy production (ATP synthesis)
(C) Lipid storage
(D) Genetic information storage

15. . What is the function of ribosomes in animal cells?
(A) Energy production
(B) Protein synthesis
(C) Lipid synthesis
(D) DNA replication

16. . Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?
(A) Phosphate group
(B) Nitrogenous base
(C) Amino acid
(D) Pentose sugar

17. . What is the function of coenzymes in biochemical reactions?
(A) Energy storage
(B) Enzyme regulation
(C) Transport of molecules
(D) Facilitating enzyme activity

18. . Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin required for collagen synthesis?
(A) Vitamin A
(B) Vitamin C
(C) Vitamin D
(D) Vitamin K

19. . What is the primary role of chaperone proteins in cells?
(A) Energy production
(B) Protein folding and stability
(C) Lipid synthesis
(D) DNA replication

20. . Which of the following is NOT a function of cell membrane proteins?
(A) Transport of molecules
(B) Cell signaling
(C) Energy production
(D) Cell adhesion

21. . What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?
(A) Transcription of RNA
(B) Synthesis of new DNA strands
(C) Translation of proteins
(D) Protein folding

22. . Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a saturated fatty acid?
(A) Contains double bonds
(B) Solid at room temperature
(C) Liquid at room temperature
(D) Found in plants

23. . What is the function of hemoglobin in animals?
(A) Energy storage
(B) Oxygen transport in blood
(C) Enzyme regulation
(D) Structural support

24. . Which of the following is a function of the endoplasmic reticulum in animal cells?
(A) ATP production
(B) Protein synthesis and modification
(C) Lipid storage
(D) Genetic information storage

25. . What is the function of insulin in animal metabolism?
(A) Breakdown of proteins
(B) Regulation of blood glucose levels
(C) Synthesis of lipids
(D) Oxygen transport in blood

26. . Which of the following is NOT a component of a typical amino acid?
(A) Carboxyl group
(B) Amino group
(C) Phosphate group
(D) R group (side chain)

27. . What is the function of neurotransmitters in animal nervous systems?
(A) Energy storage
(B) Signaling between neurons
(C) Enzyme regulation
(D) Lipid synthesis

28. . Which of the following is a characteristic feature of RNA (ribonucleic acid)?
(A) Double-stranded structure
(B) Contains deoxyribose sugar
(C) Carries genetic information
(D) Involved in protein synthesis

29. . What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in animal cells?
(A) Energy production
(B) Protein modification and packaging
(C) Lipid synthesis
(D) DNA replication

30. . Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin important for blood clotting?
(A) Vitamin A
(B) Vitamin C
(C) Vitamin D
(D) Vitamin K

31. . What is the function of collagen in animal tissues?
(A) Energy storage
(B) Structural support and elasticity
(C) Lipid synthesis
(D) Enzyme regulation

32. . Which of the following is a characteristic feature of unsaturated fatty acids?
(A) Solid at room temperature
(B) Contains double bonds
(C) Found in animal fats
(D) Provides long-term energy storage

33. . What is the function of hormones in animal physiology?
(A) Structural support
(B) Energy production
(C) Signaling and regulation of physiological processes
(D) Oxygen transport in blood

34. . What is the primary function of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in cellular metabolism?
(A) Energy storage
(B) Activation of enzymes
(C) Transport of molecules
(D) ATP synthesis

35. . Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of enzymes?
(A) They are proteins or RNA molecules.
(B) They lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions.
(C) They are consumed during the reaction.
(D) They alter the equilibrium constant of reactions.

36. . What is the role of cofactors in enzyme catalysis?
(A) They inhibit enzyme activity.
(B) They are part of the substrate.
(C) They stabilize enzyme-substrate complexes.
(D) They carry out the catalytic reaction.

37. . Which of the following is an example of an essential amino acid in animal nutrition?
(A) Valine
(B) Aspartate
(C) Glutamine
(D) Glycine

38. . What is the function of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?
(A) Production of ATP
(B) Synthesis of lipids
(C) Transport of amino acids
(D) DNA replication

39. . Which molecule is commonly used as an energy source in anaerobic metabolism?
(A) Glucose
(B) Oxygen
(C) Acetyl-CoA
(D) Lactic acid

40. . What is the primary role of the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) in cellular respiration?
(A) Production of ATP
(B) Oxidation of glucose to pyruvate
(C) Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA
(D) Synthesis of lipids

41. . Which of the following is a characteristic feature of glycolysis?
(A) Occurs in the mitochondria
(B) Produces ATP through oxidative phosphorylation
(C) Breaks down glucose into pyruvate
(D) Requires oxygen as a substrate

42. . What is the function of coenzymes NAD+ and FAD in cellular respiration?
(A) Electron transport
(B) ATP synthesis
(C) Substrate binding
(D) Enzyme activation

43. . Which molecule serves as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration?
(A) Oxygen
(B) Carbon dioxide
(C) Water
(D) Hydrogen

44. . What is the primary function of phospholipids in cell membranes?
(A) Energy storage
(B) Structural support
(C) Hormone synthesis
(D) Forming a lipid bilayer barrier

45. . Which of the following is NOT a function of cholesterol in animal cells?
(A) Cell membrane fluidity regulation
(B) Hormone synthesis
(C) Energy storage
(D) Formation of bile acids

46. . What is the role of acetyl-CoA in cellular metabolism?
(A) Transport of amino acids
(B) Synthesis of fatty acids
(C) Activation of enzymes
(D) Energy production (ATP synthesis)

47. . Which of the following is a characteristic feature of oxidative phosphorylation?
(A) Occurs in the cytoplasm
(B) Produces ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation
(C) Utilizes the electron transport chain and ATP synthase
(D) Involves fermentation pathways

48. . What is the function of lipoproteins in lipid transport in animals?
(A) Oxygen transport
(B) Cholesterol synthesis
(C) Carrying lipids in the bloodstream
(D) Energy production

49. . Which of the following is a characteristic feature of anaerobic metabolism?
(A) Requires oxygen as a final electron acceptor
(B) Occurs in the mitochondria
(C) Produces lactic acid or ethanol
(D) Yields a large amount of ATP per glucose molecule

50. . What is the function of glycogen in animal cells?
(A) Structural support
(B) Energy storage
(C) Enzyme regulation
(D) Transport of ions

51. . Which cellular organelle is responsible for the breakdown of fatty acids through beta-oxidation?
(A) Lysosome
(B) Peroxisome
(C) Golgi apparatus
(D) Endoplasmic reticulum

52. . What is the role of nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids?
(A) Energy storage
(B) Carrying genetic information
(C) Structural support
(D) Protein synthesis

53. . Which of the following is a characteristic feature of gluconeogenesis?
(A) Production of glucose from amino acids and glycerol
(B) Occurs during glycolysis
(C) Utilizes oxygen as a substrate
(D) Involves the Krebs cycle

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