Spacecraft Dynamics and Control MCQs Aeronautical Engineering

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What is the primary purpose of spacecraft dynamics? A) To manage spacecraft communication systems B) To understand and control the motion of spacecraft C) To develop spacecraft propulsion systems D) To design spacecraft power systems Answer: B) To understand and control the motion of spacecraft 2. Which of the following equations describes the rotational dynamics of a spacecraft? A) Newton’s Second Law B) Euler’s Equations C) Kepler’s Laws D) Bernoulli’s Equation Answer: B) Euler’s Equations 3. What does the term ‘attitude control’ refer to in spacecraft dynamics? A) The control of spacecraft trajectory B) The control of spacecraft orientation C) The control of spacecraft propulsion D) The control of spacecraft power systems Answer: B) The control of spacecraft orientation 4. Which sensor is commonly used for spacecraft attitude determination? A) GPS Receiver B) Star Tracker C) Temperature Sensor D) Pressure Sensor Answer: B) Star Tracker 5. What is the primary function of a reaction wheel in spacecraft control systems? A) To provide thrust for orbit changes B) To control spacecraft orientation by generating torques C) To measure spacecraft position D) To manage power distribution Answer: B) To control spacecraft orientation by generating torques 6. In spacecraft control, what does the term ‘moment of inertia’ refer to? A) The resistance of a spacecraft to changes in its linear motion B) The resistance of a spacecraft to changes in its rotational motion C) The measure of spacecraft power consumption D) The resistance of a spacecraft to changes in temperature Answer: B) The resistance of a spacecraft to changes in its rotational motion 7. Which control strategy is commonly used for spacecraft attitude control? A) Proportional-Derivative (PD) Control B) Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Control C) On-Off Control D) Bang-Bang Control Answer: B) Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Control 8. What is the purpose of an inertial measurement unit (IMU) in spacecraft dynamics? A) To provide data on spacecraft’s rotational and translational accelerations B) To measure the spacecraft’s distance from Earth C) To control the spacecraft’s propulsion system D) To provide power to spacecraft systems Answer: A) To provide data on spacecraft’s rotational and translational accelerations 9. Which of the following is a primary method for attitude control in spacecraft? A) Thrusters B) Magnetorquers C) Reaction Wheels D) All of the above Answer: D) All of the above 10. What does the term ‘spacecraft dynamics’ involve? A) The study of spacecraft power systems B) The analysis of spacecraft thermal systems C) The study of the motion and forces acting on spacecraft D) The design of spacecraft communication systems Answer: C) The study of the motion and forces acting on spacecraft 11. Which of the following describes a ‘stabilized spacecraft’? A) A spacecraft that maintains a fixed orientation relative to Earth B) A spacecraft that maintains its orientation and trajectory over time C) A spacecraft that has stable power systems D) A spacecraft with a fixed position in orbit Answer: B) A spacecraft that maintains its orientation and trajectory over time 12. What is a ‘gyroscopic sensor’ used for in spacecraft control systems? A) To measure spacecraft velocity B) To measure spacecraft orientation C) To control spacecraft power D) To provide thermal data Answer: B) To measure spacecraft orientation 13. What is the purpose of the ‘Attitude Determination and Control System (ADCS)’ in a spacecraft? A) To manage the spacecraft’s propulsion B) To ensure the spacecraft maintains the desired orientation and attitude C) To provide communication with Earth D) To measure the spacecraft’s distance from other celestial bodies Answer: B) To ensure the spacecraft maintains the desired orientation and attitude 14. Which of the following equations is used to describe spacecraft orbital dynamics? A) Euler’s Equations B) Newton’s Laws C) Kepler’s Laws D) Bernoulli’s Equation Answer: C) Kepler’s Laws 15. What is the primary function of an attitude control system in a spacecraft? A) To provide thrust for orbital maneuvers B) To maintain the spacecraft’s orientation in space C) To manage the spacecraft’s power supply D) To measure the spacecraft’s position in orbit Answer: B) To maintain the spacecraft’s orientation in space 16. What does ‘precession’ refer to in the context of spacecraft dynamics? A) The rotation of the spacecraft about its center of mass B) The change in orientation of the spacecraft due to external torques C) The movement of the spacecraft along its orbital path D) The adjustment of spacecraft propulsion systems Answer: B) The change in orientation of the spacecraft due to external torques 17. What is the role of ‘magnetorquers’ in spacecraft control systems? A) To provide propulsion for the spacecraft B) To generate control torques using the Earth’s magnetic field C) To measure the spacecraft’s velocity D) To manage spacecraft thermal systems Answer: B) To generate control torques using the Earth’s magnetic field 18. What is the primary benefit of using a ‘reaction control system’ (RCS) in spacecraft? A) To provide power to the spacecraft systems B) To adjust the spacecraft’s orientation and attitude C) To measure the spacecraft’s temperature D) To manage the spacecraft’s communication systems Answer: B) To adjust the spacecraft’s orientation and attitude 19. In spacecraft dynamics, what is meant by ‘inertia tensor’? A) A matrix representing the distribution of mass in a spacecraft B) A measure of the spacecraft’s power consumption C) A matrix describing the spacecraft’s position in orbit D) A measure of the spacecraft’s thermal characteristics Answer: A) A matrix representing the distribution of mass in a spacecraft 20. Which principle is used to describe the conservation of angular momentum in spacecraft dynamics? A) Newton’s First Law B) Kepler’s Third Law C) The Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum D) Bernoulli’s Principle Answer: C) The Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum 21. What is the primary use of ‘thrusters’ in spacecraft attitude control? A) To adjust the spacecraft’s velocity B) To change the spacecraft’s orientation by generating torques C) To measure the spacecraft’s acceleration D) To control the spacecraft’s communication systems Answer: B) To change the spacecraft’s orientation by generating torques 22. What does ‘momentum dump’ refer to in spacecraft control systems? A) The process of transferring momentum from the spacecraft to external devices B) The process of removing excess rotational momentum to maintain stability C) The process of increasing the spacecraft’s rotational momentum D) The process of adjusting the spacecraft’s power systems Answer: B) The process of removing excess rotational momentum to maintain stability 23. Which algorithm is commonly used for spacecraft attitude estimation? A) Kalman Filter B) Particle Filter C) Extended Kalman Filter D) All of the above Answer: D) All of the above 24. What does ‘spacecraft docking’ involve? A) The process of attaching one spacecraft to another in orbit B) The process of adjusting the spacecraft’s attitude C) The process of changing the spacecraft’s orbit D) The process of controlling the spacecraft’s power systems Answer: A) The process of attaching one spacecraft to another in orbit 25. In spacecraft dynamics, what is the ‘bi-impulse’ maneuver? A) A maneuver involving two separate thrust pulses to change spacecraft velocity B) A maneuver involving a single thrust pulse to adjust orientation C) A maneuver using gyroscopic forces to change orientation D) A maneuver using magnetorquers to adjust spacecraft attitude Answer: A) A maneuver involving two separate thrust pulses to change spacecraft velocity 26. Which of the following sensors is used to measure the spacecraft’s angular velocity? A) Star Tracker B) Magnetometer C) Gyroscope D) Altimeter Answer: C) Gyroscope 27. What is ‘spacecraft control authority’? A) The ability to control spacecraft communication systems B) The capability to manage spacecraft power systems C) The degree to which a control system can influence spacecraft motion and orientation D) The measure of the spacecraft’s distance from other celestial bodies Answer: C) The degree to which a control system can influence spacecraft motion and orientation 28. What is the role of ‘reaction control system’ (RCS) thrusters in spacecraft? A) To generate thrust for orbital changes B) To control spacecraft attitude and orientation C) To measure spacecraft position D) To provide power to spacecraft systems Answer: B) To control spacecraft attitude and orientation 29. What does the term ‘attitude stabilization’ refer to in spacecraft dynamics? A) The process of maintaining a spacecraft’s orientation over time B) The process of adjusting spacecraft velocity C) The process of managing spacecraft power systems D) The process of measuring spacecraft distance from Earth Answer: A) The process of maintaining a spacecraft’s orientation over time 30. Which of the following is NOT typically used in spacecraft attitude control? A) Gyroscopes B) Magnetometers C) Reaction Wheels D) Radiators Answer: D) Radiators 31. What is the main advantage of using a ‘star tracker’ for attitude determination? A) High accuracy in measuring spacecraft’s orientation B) Low power consumption C) Simplicity of the system D) Low cost Answer: A) High accuracy in measuring spacecraft’s orientation 32. What is the purpose of ‘desaturation’ in spacecraft control systems? A) To remove excess rotational momentum from reaction wheels B) To adjust spacecraft’s power systems C) To control the spacecraft’s communication systems D) To measure spacecraft’s temperature Answer: A) To remove excess rotational momentum from reaction wheels 33. In spacecraft control, what does the term ‘slew rate’ refer to? A) The maximum rate at which the spacecraft’s attitude can be changed B) The rate of spacecraft power consumption C) The rate at which the spacecraft changes its orbital velocity D) The rate of spacecraft communication data transfer Answer: A) The maximum rate at which the spacecraft’s attitude can be changed 34. What does ‘spacecraft maneuvering’ involve? A) Adjusting the spacecraft’s attitude and orbit B) Measuring the spacecraft’s distance from Earth C) Managing the spacecraft’s communication systems D) Controlling the spacecraft’s power systems Answer: A) Adjusting the spacecraft’s attitude and orbit 35. What is the main function of ‘control moment gyroscopes’ (CMGs) in spacecraft? A) To provide thrust for orbital maneuvers B) To control spacecraft orientation and angular momentum C) To measure spacecraft velocity D) To manage spacecraft thermal systems Answer: B) To control spacecraft orientation and angular momentum 36. What does the term ‘gyroscopic stability’ refer to in spacecraft dynamics? A) The spacecraft’s ability to maintain its orientation using gyroscopic forces B) The spacecraft’s ability to maintain its power systems C) The spacecraft’s ability to measure its distance from other celestial bodies D) The spacecraft’s ability to control its communication systems Answer: A) The spacecraft’s ability to maintain its orientation using gyroscopic forces 37. Which principle is used to explain the behavior of spacecraft in a microgravity environment? A) Newton’s Laws of Motion B) Bernoulli’s Principle C) The Law of Universal Gravitation D) The Ideal Gas Law Answer: A) Newton’s Laws of Motion 38. What is the primary use of ‘thermal control systems’ in spacecraft? A) To manage the spacecraft’s temperature and prevent overheating or freezing B) To control the spacecraft’s attitude C) To provide thrust for orbital changes D) To manage spacecraft communication Answer: A) To manage the spacecraft’s temperature and prevent overheating or freezing 39. What does ‘spacecraft attitude’ refer to? A) The orientation of the spacecraft relative to a reference frame B) The spacecraft’s velocity in orbit C) The spacecraft’s power consumption D) The spacecraft’s communication range Answer: A) The orientation of the spacecraft relative to a reference frame 40. What is a ‘bias torque’ in spacecraft dynamics? A) A torque that causes a spacecraft to rotate around its center of mass B) A constant torque applied to a spacecraft to maintain orientation C) A torque caused by external forces acting on the spacecraft D) A variable torque used for spacecraft maneuvering Answer: B) A constant torque applied to a spacecraft to maintain orientation 41. Which algorithm is used for predicting spacecraft attitude in real-time? A) Kalman Filter B) Particle Filter C) Extended Kalman Filter D) All of the above Answer: D) All of the above 42. What is a ‘propulsion-based attitude control system’? A) A system that uses thrusters to adjust spacecraft orientation B) A system that uses gyroscopes for attitude stabilization C) A system that uses star trackers for attitude determination D) A system that uses magnetorquers for attitude control Answer: A) A system that uses thrusters to adjust spacecraft orientation 43. What is the ‘spacecraft transfer function’ used for? A) To describe the relationship between input control signals and output spacecraft dynamics B) To measure spacecraft power consumption C) To control spacecraft propulsion systems D) To provide thermal regulation Answer: A) To describe the relationship between input control signals and output spacecraft dynamics 44. Which of the following is NOT a common method for spacecraft attitude control? A) Gyroscopes B) Magnetorquers C) Solar Panels D) Reaction Wheels Answer: C) Solar Panels 45. What does ‘spacecraft attitude maneuvering’ involve? A) The process of changing the spacecraft’s orientation B) The process of adjusting the spacecraft’s velocity C) The process of managing spacecraft power systems D) The process of measuring spacecraft’s distance from Earth Answer: A) The process of changing the spacecraft’s orientation 46. What is the main purpose of ‘command attitude control’ in spacecraft systems? A) To adjust the spacecraft’s orientation based on commands from ground control B) To provide power to spacecraft systems C) To measure the spacecraft’s position D) To manage spacecraft thermal systems Answer: A) To adjust the spacecraft’s orientation based on commands from ground control 47. What is the significance of ‘momentum conservation’ in spacecraft dynamics? A) It helps in maintaining spacecraft stability by balancing torques B) It is used to measure spacecraft power consumption C) It assists in controlling spacecraft communication systems D) It measures spacecraft’s temperature changes Answer: A) It helps in maintaining spacecraft stability by balancing torques 48. What does the term ‘thermal inertia’ refer to in spacecraft systems? A) The ability of a material to resist temperature changes B) The ability of the spacecraft to maintain its orientation C) The ability of the spacecraft to manage power systems D) The ability of the spacecraft to measure distance from Earth Answer: A) The ability of a material to resist temperature changes 49. What is the purpose of ‘stabilization torques’ in spacecraft dynamics? A) To maintain or control the spacecraft’s orientation B) To provide power to the spacecraft’s systems C) To measure spacecraft’s velocity D) To manage the spacecraft’s communication systems Answer: A) To maintain or control the spacecraft’s orientation 50. What does ‘spacecraft docking’ primarily require? A) Precise attitude control to align docking ports B) High-speed communication systems C) Advanced power systems D) Large propulsion thrusters Answer: A) Precise attitude control to align docking ports

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