Flight Mechanics MCQs Aeronautical Engineering

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What is the primary force that opposes an aircraft’s motion through the air? A) Lift B) Drag C) Thrust D) Weight Answer: B) Drag In steady, level flight, which two forces are balanced? A) Lift and Thrust B) Drag and Weight C) Lift and Drag D) Thrust and Weight Answer: B) Drag and Weight The angle of attack (AOA) is defined as: A) The angle between the aircraft’s longitudinal axis and the relative wind B) The angle between the wing and the horizon C) The angle between the wing and the aircraft’s heading D) The angle between the thrust vector and the aircraft’s path Answer: A) The angle between the aircraft’s longitudinal axis and the relative wind Which law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction? A) Newton’s First Law B) Newton’s Second Law C) Newton’s Third Law D) Bernoulli’s Principle Answer: C) Newton’s Third Law What is the term for the point where the total aerodynamic forces are considered to act? A) Center of Gravity B) Center of Pressure C) Center of Lift D) Center of Thrust Answer: B) Center of Pressure The term ‘stall’ in flight mechanics refers to: A) A condition where the aircraft exceeds its maximum speed B) The loss of lift due to excessive angle of attack C) A sudden increase in engine thrust D) The momentary loss of control surfaces Answer: B) The loss of lift due to excessive angle of attack In which flight condition is the aircraft said to be in equilibrium? A) Climbing with constant speed B) Descending with constant speed C) Steady, level flight D) Accelerating in level flight Answer: C) Steady, level flight Which aerodynamic force is responsible for the vertical movement of an aircraft? A) Drag B) Lift C) Thrust D) Weight Answer: B) Lift The term ‘airfoil’ refers to: A) The horizontal stabilizer of an aircraft B) The cross-sectional shape of a wing or blade C) The control surface used for pitch control D) The fuselage of the aircraft Answer: B) The cross-sectional shape of a wing or blade What does ‘Mach number’ represent in flight mechanics? A) The speed of the aircraft relative to the speed of sound B) The altitude of the aircraft above sea level C) The angle of attack of the aircraft D) The ratio of lift to drag Answer: A) The speed of the aircraft relative to the speed of sound In an aircraft, what does ‘payload’ refer to? A) The weight of the aircraft itself B) The weight of fuel and other consumables C) The weight of passengers and cargo D) The weight of the aircraft’s control surfaces Answer: C) The weight of passengers and cargo What is the purpose of the ‘ailerons’ on an aircraft? A) To control the pitch of the aircraft B) To control the roll of the aircraft C) To control the yaw of the aircraft D) To control the thrust direction Answer: B) To control the roll of the aircraft Which component is primarily responsible for controlling the aircraft’s direction of flight? A) Elevators B) Ailerons C) Rudder D) Flaps Answer: C) Rudder The ‘Bernoulli Principle’ helps to explain: A) How lift is generated on an airfoil B) How drag affects aircraft performance C) How thrust is generated by jet engines D) How weight affects aircraft stability Answer: A) How lift is generated on an airfoil The term ‘dihedral angle’ refers to: A) The angle between the wing’s chord line and the aircraft’s longitudinal axis B) The angle between the wings relative to the horizontal plane C) The angle of attack of the wing D) The angle between the wing and the fuselage Answer: B) The angle between the wings relative to the horizontal plane In which condition does the aircraft experience ‘positive G-forces’? A) During a climb B) During a descent C) During a level turn D) During a stall Answer: A) During a climb The term ‘yaw’ refers to: A) Rotation about the aircraft’s longitudinal axis B) Rotation about the aircraft’s lateral axis C) Rotation about the aircraft’s vertical axis D) Movement along the aircraft’s longitudinal axis Answer: C) Rotation about the aircraft’s vertical axis What is ‘maneuvering speed’ (Va) in flight mechanics? A) The maximum speed an aircraft can safely maneuver without overstressing B) The minimum speed required for takeoff C) The speed at which the aircraft stalls D) The cruising speed of the aircraft Answer: A) The maximum speed an aircraft can safely maneuver without overstressing ‘Drag coefficient’ (Cd) is: A) A measure of the drag force relative to dynamic pressure and reference area B) A measure of the lift force relative to the aircraft’s weight C) A measure of the thrust force relative to the aircraft’s speed D) A measure of the engine’s efficiency Answer: A) A measure of the drag force relative to dynamic pressure and reference area In an aircraft, ‘static stability’ refers to: A) The aircraft’s ability to return to its original position after a disturbance B) The aircraft’s ability to maintain a constant altitude C) The aircraft’s ability to perform a controlled roll D) The aircraft’s ability to accelerate smoothly Answer: A) The aircraft’s ability to return to its original position after a disturbance The ‘thrust-to-weight ratio’ is important because: A) It determines the aircraft’s ability to climb and accelerate B) It affects the aircraft’s fuel consumption rate C) It influences the aircraft’s stall speed D) It impacts the aircraft’s drag coefficient Answer: A) It determines the aircraft’s ability to climb and accelerate In flight mechanics, ‘load factor’ refers to: A) The ratio of the aircraft’s lift to its weight B) The ratio of the aircraft’s drag to its lift C) The ratio of the aircraft’s weight to its thrust D) The ratio of the aircraft’s thrust to its drag Answer: A) The ratio of the aircraft’s lift to its weight The ‘center of gravity’ (CG) is crucial for: A) Maintaining the aircraft’s balance and stability B) Determining the aircraft’s maximum speed C) Calculating the aircraft’s fuel efficiency D) Controlling the aircraft’s altitude Answer: A) Maintaining the aircraft’s balance and stability The ‘stall speed’ of an aircraft is: A) The minimum speed at which the aircraft can maintain level flight B) The speed at which the aircraft’s engines reach maximum thrust C) The maximum speed at which the aircraft can perform aerobatic maneuvers D) The speed at which the aircraft’s control surfaces become ineffective Answer: A) The minimum speed at which the aircraft can maintain level flight Which aerodynamic surface is used to increase the lift of an aircraft during takeoff and landing? A) Spoilers B) Elevators C) Flaps D) Slats Answer: C) Flaps The ‘aspect ratio’ of a wing is defined as: A) The ratio of the wing’s span to its mean chord B) The ratio of the wing’s chord to its span C) The ratio of the wing’s area to its span D) The ratio of the wing’s weight to its lift Answer: A) The ratio of the wing’s span to its mean chord The ‘Bernoulli Effect’ is applied to explain: A) The generation of lift on an airfoil B) The increase in drag with higher speeds C) The effect of gravity on an aircraft’s weight D) The distribution of thrust along the aircraft’s length Answer: A) The generation of lift on an airfoil In flight mechanics, ‘dynamic stability’ refers to: A) The aircraft’s ability to dampen oscillations over time B) The aircraft’s immediate response to control inputs C) The aircraft’s balance when stationary on the ground D) The aircraft’s ability to maintain constant speed Answer: A) The aircraft’s ability to dampen oscillations over time What is the ‘pitching moment’ in aerodynamics? A) The torque that causes the aircraft to rotate about its longitudinal axis B) The force that causes the aircraft to rotate about its vertical axis C) The torque that causes the aircraft to rotate about its lateral axis D) The moment that affects the aircraft’s speed Answer: C) The torque that causes the aircraft to rotate about its lateral axis The ‘power-off stall’ occurs when: A) The aircraft is at low engine power and exceeds the critical angle of attack B) The aircraft is climbing at maximum power and exceeds the critical speed C) The aircraft is in a high-speed dive and loses control surfaces effectiveness D) The aircraft is performing a sharp turn at maximum thrust Answer: A) The aircraft is at low engine power and exceeds the critical angle of attack Which parameter directly affects the rate of climb in an aircraft? A) The aircraft’s weight B) The aircraft’s fuel efficiency C) The aircraft’s stall speed D) The aircraft’s drag coefficient Answer: A) The aircraft’s weight The ‘wing loading’ of an aircraft is: A) The ratio of the aircraft’s weight to its wing area B) The ratio of the aircraft’s drag to its thrust C) The ratio of the aircraft’s lift to its weight D) The ratio of the aircraft’s speed to its fuel consumption Answer: A) The ratio of the aircraft’s weight to its wing area ‘Ground effect’ is observed: A) When an aircraft is close to the ground, which reduces drag and increases lift B) When an aircraft is flying at high altitudes, which increases drag C) When an aircraft performs a steep climb, which decreases lift D) When an aircraft is in a descent, which increases engine thrust Answer: A) When an aircraft is close to the ground, which reduces drag and increases lift What does ‘angle of incidence’ refer to in an aircraft’s wing design? A) The angle between the wing’s chord line and the aircraft’s longitudinal axis B) The angle between the wing and the fuselage C) The angle of attack during takeoff D) The angle of the wing relative to the horizontal plane Answer: A) The angle between the wing’s chord line and the aircraft’s longitudinal axis What is the primary purpose of ‘spoilers’ on an aircraft wing? A) To reduce lift and increase drag B) To increase lift during takeoff C) To control the aircraft’s pitch D) To stabilize the aircraft’s yaw Answer: A) To reduce lift and increase drag In flight mechanics, ‘critical Mach number’ is: A) The speed at which the airflow over any part of the aircraft reaches the speed of sound B) The maximum speed an aircraft can achieve before stalling C) The minimum speed required for takeoff D) The speed at which the aircraft’s engines reach maximum thrust Answer: A) The speed at which the airflow over any part of the aircraft reaches the speed of sound What is ‘true airspeed’ (TAS)? A) The actual speed of the aircraft relative to the air mass in which it is flying B) The speed of the aircraft relative to the ground C) The speed of the aircraft through still air D) The speed indicated by the aircraft’s airspeed indicator Answer: A) The actual speed of the aircraft relative to the air mass in which it is flying Which force is directly related to the aircraft’s altitude control? A) Lift B) Drag C) Thrust D) Weight Answer: A) Lift The ‘moment arm’ in flight mechanics refers to: A) The distance from the aircraft’s center of gravity to the point where the aerodynamic forces act B) The distance between the wing’s leading edge and trailing edge C) The distance between the aircraft’s center of pressure and center of gravity D) The distance between the aircraft’s fuselage and engine Answer: A) The distance from the aircraft’s center of gravity to the point where the aerodynamic forces act Which of the following is NOT a type of drag experienced by an aircraft? A) Parasite drag B) Induced drag C) Wave drag D) Friction drag Answer: D) Friction drag The ‘longitudinal axis’ of an aircraft runs: A) From the nose to the tail B) From wingtip to wingtip C) From the top to the bottom of the aircraft D) From the engine to the tail Answer: A) From the nose to the tail In an aircraft, the ‘yawing moment’ is primarily controlled by: A) The elevators B) The ailerons C) The rudder D) The flaps Answer: C) The rudder The ‘trim’ of an aircraft is used to: A) Adjust the balance of aerodynamic forces to maintain stable flight B) Increase the aircraft’s speed during a climb C) Decrease the aircraft’s drag during descent D) Control the rate of fuel consumption Answer: A) Adjust the balance of aerodynamic forces to maintain stable flight The ‘vertical stabilizer’ on an aircraft is responsible for: A) Controlling the pitch of the aircraft B) Controlling the roll of the aircraft C) Controlling the yaw of the aircraft D) Increasing the lift of the aircraft Answer: C) Controlling the yaw of the aircraft The ‘mean aerodynamic chord’ (MAC) is: A) The average chord length of an aircraft’s wing B) The chord length at the wing’s leading edge C) The chord length at the wing’s trailing edge D) The distance between the leading edge and trailing edge of the wing Answer: A) The average chord length of an aircraft’s wing ‘Mach tuck’ is: A) A nose-down pitching moment experienced at high speeds due to shock waves B) A sudden loss of control experienced during a stall C) A temporary increase in drag due to changes in the wing’s angle of attack D) A sudden increase in lift during takeoff Answer: A) A nose-down pitching moment experienced at high speeds due to shock waves The ‘airspeed indicator’ measures: A) The speed of the aircraft relative to the air B) The speed of the aircraft relative to the ground C) The speed of the aircraft’s engines D) The speed of the airflow over the aircraft’s control surfaces Answer: A) The speed of the aircraft relative to the air The ‘center of gravity’ (CG) moving forward affects the aircraft by: A) Increasing the aircraft’s stability and requiring more elevator force to maintain pitch B) Decreasing the aircraft’s stability and requiring less elevator force to maintain pitch C) Increasing the aircraft’s lift and reducing the stall speed D) Decreasing the aircraft’s drag and increasing the speed Answer: A) Increasing the aircraft’s stability and requiring more elevator force to maintain pitch The ‘flap’ setting that increases the wing’s camber and surface area is typically used: A) During takeoff to increase lift B) During cruise to reduce drag C) During descent to reduce speed D) During landing to increase drag Answer: D) During landing to increase drag The ‘Load Factor’ increases with: A) The aircraft’s banking angle B) The aircraft’s airspeed C) The aircraft’s weight D) The aircraft’s altitude Answer: A) The aircraft’s banking angle

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