Spacecraft Design and Systems MCQs Aeronautical Engineering

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What is the primary function of a spacecraft’s attitude control system? a) To control the spacecraft’s speed b) To control the spacecraft’s orientation in space c) To manage the spacecraft’s thermal environment d) To handle the spacecraft’s communication system Answer: b) To control the spacecraft’s orientation in space Which propulsion system is commonly used for fine attitude adjustments in spacecraft? a) Chemical rockets b) Ion thrusters c) Electric propulsion d) Solar sails Answer: b) Ion thrusters What is the primary purpose of a spacecraft’s thermal control system? a) To regulate the spacecraft’s attitude b) To maintain internal temperatures within operational limits c) To control the spacecraft’s propulsion d) To manage power distribution Answer: b) To maintain internal temperatures within operational limits What type of spacecraft orbit is most commonly used for Earth observation missions? a) Geostationary orbit b) Low Earth orbit (LEO) c) Medium Earth orbit (MEO) d) Highly elliptical orbit (HEO) Answer: b) Low Earth orbit (LEO) Which type of spacecraft communication system is used for long-distance space missions? a) Radio Frequency (RF) communication b) Infrared communication c) Laser communication d) Ultrasound communication Answer: c) Laser communication What is the primary advantage of using a geostationary orbit for communication satellites? a) Lower launch costs b) Continuous coverage of a specific region c) Better image resolution d) Shorter communication delay Answer: b) Continuous coverage of a specific region Which type of spacecraft maneuver is used to change its orbital plane? a) Burn maneuver b) Hohmann transfer c) Plane change maneuver d) Gravity assist Answer: c) Plane change maneuver What is the main purpose of a spacecraft’s power generation system? a) To provide propulsion b) To control spacecraft orientation c) To supply electrical power to onboard systems d) To manage thermal conditions Answer: c) To supply electrical power to onboard systems Which component is commonly used to store electrical energy for spacecraft systems? a) Solar panels b) Batteries c) Thrusters d) Heat pipes Answer: b) Batteries What is the role of a spacecraft’s reaction control system (RCS)? a) To adjust the spacecraft’s speed b) To manage the spacecraft’s thermal environment c) To provide small thrusts for attitude control and fine adjustments d) To generate electrical power Answer: c) To provide small thrusts for attitude control and fine adjustments Which type of spacecraft propulsion system is known for its high specific impulse? a) Chemical rockets b) Nuclear thermal propulsion c) Electric propulsion d) Solid rockets Answer: c) Electric propulsion What is the main challenge associated with spacecraft thermal control in space? a) High temperatures b) Lack of atmospheric pressure c) Extreme temperature variations d) High radiation levels Answer: c) Extreme temperature variations Which spacecraft subsystem is responsible for maintaining the spacecraft’s orientation during deep space missions? a) Propulsion system b) Thermal control system c) Attitude control system d) Communication system Answer: c) Attitude control system What is the primary function of a spacecraft’s guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) system? a) To generate power b) To manage thermal conditions c) To provide autonomous control of spacecraft trajectory and attitude d) To transmit data to Earth Answer: c) To provide autonomous control of spacecraft trajectory and attitude What is the main benefit of using a solar sail for spacecraft propulsion? a) High thrust capability b) High specific impulse c) Utilization of solar radiation pressure for propulsion d) Ability to operate in all temperature ranges Answer: c) Utilization of solar radiation pressure for propulsion Which type of spacecraft maneuver involves using the gravity of a celestial body to change the spacecraft’s trajectory? a) Direct burn b) Gravity assist c) Hohmann transfer d) Plane change maneuver Answer: b) Gravity assist What is the main function of a spacecraft’s onboard computer? a) To manage thermal control b) To control spacecraft propulsion c) To execute commands, process data, and control spacecraft systems d) To provide communication with ground stations Answer: c) To execute commands, process data, and control spacecraft systems Which spacecraft subsystem is crucial for protecting electronic components from cosmic radiation? a) Power generation system b) Thermal control system c) Radiation shielding d) Communication system Answer: c) Radiation shielding What is the purpose of a spacecraft’s docking system? a) To adjust the spacecraft’s orbit b) To enable spacecraft to connect with other spacecraft or space stations c) To manage the spacecraft’s thermal conditions d) To provide power to the spacecraft Answer: b) To enable spacecraft to connect with other spacecraft or space stations What is a key consideration when designing spacecraft for deep space missions? a) Aerodynamic efficiency b) High-speed communication c) Long-term power generation and storage d) Ground-based control Answer: c) Long-term power generation and storage Which type of spacecraft thermal control system uses fluids to transfer heat away from sensitive components? a) Passive thermal control b) Active thermal control c) Radiative thermal control d) Conductive thermal control Answer: b) Active thermal control What does the term “spacecraft attitude” refer to? a) The spacecraft’s speed in orbit b) The spacecraft’s orientation with respect to a reference frame c) The spacecraft’s position relative to Earth d) The spacecraft’s energy levels Answer: b) The spacecraft’s orientation with respect to a reference frame Which material is commonly used for spacecraft shielding to protect against micrometeoroids and orbital debris? a) Aluminum b) Titanium c) Kevlar d) Carbon fiber reinforced polymer Answer: c) Kevlar What is the primary advantage of using high-efficiency solar panels on spacecraft? a) Lower weight b) Higher power output c) Reduced thermal load d) Increased maneuverability Answer: b) Higher power output What is the main function of the spacecraft’s data handling system? a) To manage propulsion b) To handle onboard data storage, processing, and communication c) To control thermal conditions d) To provide attitude control Answer: b) To handle onboard data storage, processing, and communication Which spacecraft component is used to monitor and control the spacecraft’s environment and systems from a central point? a) Guidance system b) Onboard computer c) Attitude control system d) Thermal control system Answer: b) Onboard computer What type of propulsion system is known for providing continuous thrust for long-duration space missions? a) Chemical propulsion b) Nuclear thermal propulsion c) Electric propulsion d) Hybrid propulsion Answer: c) Electric propulsion Which spacecraft system is responsible for maintaining proper power distribution and regulation? a) Power management system b) Thermal control system c) Attitude control system d) Communication system Answer: a) Power management system What is the purpose of a spacecraft’s star tracker? a) To measure distance to other celestial bodies b) To provide precise attitude determination using star observations c) To manage thermal conditions d) To transmit data to Earth Answer: b) To provide precise attitude determination using star observations What is a key design consideration for spacecraft intended for lunar exploration? a) High-speed propulsion b) Thermal regulation for extreme temperature variations c) Aerodynamic stability d) Short communication links Answer: b) Thermal regulation for extreme temperature variations Which system is used to ensure that a spacecraft can adjust its orientation accurately and maintain it? a) Propulsion system b) Reaction control system c) Thermal control system d) Power generation system Answer: b) Reaction control system What is the primary function of a spacecraft’s launch vehicle adapter? a) To provide power during launch b) To connect the spacecraft to the launch vehicle c) To control the spacecraft’s attitude d) To manage thermal conditions during launch Answer: b) To connect the spacecraft to the launch vehicle Which type of spacecraft antenna is used for high-data-rate communications? a) Parabolic dish antenna b) Dipole antenna c) Whip antenna d) Patch antenna Answer: a) Parabolic dish antenna What is the primary function of a spacecraft’s attitude and orbit control system (AOCS)? a) To control spacecraft propulsion b) To manage electrical power c) To provide control over the spacecraft’s attitude and orbit d) To handle thermal control Answer: c) To provide control over the spacecraft’s attitude and orbit Which spacecraft subsystem helps in the detection and correction of errors in onboard data processing? a) Communication system b) Data handling system c) Propulsion system d) Thermal control system Answer: b) Data handling system What is the main advantage of using a space-based observatory compared to ground-based observatories? a) Better atmospheric conditions b) Reduced data transmission time c) Elimination of atmospheric interference d) Lower operational costs Answer: c) Elimination of atmospheric interference What is the purpose of a spacecraft’s guidance system? a) To control the spacecraft’s speed b) To assist in trajectory planning and adjustments c) To manage thermal conditions d) To provide power to onboard systems Answer: b) To assist in trajectory planning and adjustments Which component of a spacecraft helps in the absorption and dissipation of impact energy from micrometeoroids? a) Thermal control system b) Radiation shielding c) Micrometeoroid and orbital debris (MMOD) shield d) Power management system Answer: c) Micrometeoroid and orbital debris (MMOD) shield What is the purpose of a spacecraft’s data storage system? a) To store power b) To store collected scientific data for later transmission c) To manage thermal conditions d) To control spacecraft propulsion Answer: b) To store collected scientific data for later transmission Which spacecraft system is responsible for ensuring that the spacecraft remains oriented correctly during re-entry? a) Propulsion system b) Guidance system c) Thermal control system d) Attitude control system Answer: d) Attitude control system What is the main function of a spacecraft’s avionics system? a) To provide life support b) To handle communication with ground stations c) To control flight operations and onboard systems d) To generate power Answer: c) To control flight operations and onboard systems Which type of spacecraft maneuver involves using the spacecraft’s propulsion system to adjust its orbit around a celestial body? a) Hohmann transfer b) Gravity assist c) Direct burn d) Orbital insertion Answer: a) Hohmann transfer What is a key feature of spacecraft designed for interplanetary missions? a) High-speed propulsion systems b) Advanced communication systems c) Long-duration life support systems d) High-power batteries Answer: c) Long-duration life support systems Which type of spacecraft propulsion is most suitable for high-velocity, interstellar missions? a) Chemical propulsion b) Electric propulsion c) Nuclear thermal propulsion d) Nuclear electric propulsion Answer: d) Nuclear electric propulsion What is the primary advantage of using a spacecraft’s deployable solar arrays? a) Increased power generation capability b) Reduced weight c) Improved thermal control d) Enhanced maneuverability Answer: a) Increased power generation capability Which spacecraft system is critical for ensuring that scientific instruments operate within their designated temperature ranges? a) Thermal control system b) Power management system c) Attitude control system d) Communication system Answer: a) Thermal control system What is the primary function of a spacecraft’s scientific payload? a) To provide propulsion b) To collect and transmit scientific data c) To manage spacecraft systems d) To handle communication with ground stations Answer: b) To collect and transmit scientific data Which system on a spacecraft helps in preventing damage from high-energy particles and radiation? a) Thermal control system b) Radiation shielding c) Data handling system d) Power management system Answer: b) Radiation shielding What is the purpose of a spacecraft’s propulsion system during orbit insertion? a) To maintain the spacecraft’s temperature b) To establish and adjust the spacecraft’s orbit c) To handle onboard data processing d) To provide power to scientific instruments Answer: b) To establish and adjust the spacecraft’s orbit Which type of spacecraft system is designed to enhance stability and control during atmospheric entry and descent? a) Propulsion system b) Thermal control system c) Guidance and navigation system d) Structural system Answer: c) Guidance and navigation system

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