(Automatic Control MCQs Aeronautical Engineering

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What is the primary purpose of an automatic control system?
A) To manually adjust system parameters
B) To maintain the desired output by automatically adjusting inputs
C) To monitor system performance without making changes
D) To predict future system behavior
Answer: B) To maintain the desired output by automatically adjusting inputs
2. In an automatic control system, what does the term ‘feedback’ refer to?
A) The process of sending output information back to the system’s input
B) The initial input given to the system
C) The adjustment of control parameters
D) The external disturbances affecting the system
Answer: A) The process of sending output information back to the system’s input
3. What is the purpose of a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller?
A) To manage proportional, integral, and derivative aspects of control
B) To only provide proportional control
C) To adjust system parameters based on pre-set rules
D) To manually control the system output
Answer: A) To manage proportional, integral, and derivative aspects of control
4. Which type of control system uses feedback to automatically adjust the system input?
A) Open-loop control system
B) Closed-loop control system
C) Manual control system
D) Feedforward control system
Answer: B) Closed-loop control system
5. What does ‘steady-state error’ in an automatic control system measure?
A) The difference between the desired output and actual output when the system has reached equilibrium
B) The maximum deviation from the desired output during transient response
C) The rate of change in the system’s output
D) The system’s response to external disturbances
Answer: A) The difference between the desired output and actual output when the system has reached equilibrium
6. What is the main function of the ‘integral’ term in a PID controller?
A) To eliminate steady-state error by integrating the error over time
B) To adjust the system’s phase response
C) To provide instantaneous feedback correction
D) To change the system’s gain margin
Answer: A) To eliminate steady-state error by integrating the error over time
7. Which term describes a system’s ability to return to its equilibrium position after a disturbance?
A) Stability
B) Accuracy
C) Sensitivity
D) Robustness
Answer: A) Stability
8. What does the ‘gain margin’ of a control system indicate?
A) The extent to which the system gain can be increased before instability occurs
B) The amount of phase shift before the system becomes unstable
C) The time constant of the system’s response
D) The system’s steady-state error
Answer: A) The extent to which the system gain can be increased before instability occurs
9. What is the role of a ‘feedforward control’ in an automatic control system?
A) To anticipate changes and adjust the input accordingly before the system responds
B) To react to output changes by adjusting input
C) To provide feedback to the system to correct deviations
D) To measure system performance
Answer: A) To anticipate changes and adjust the input accordingly before the system responds
10. What is the ‘transient response’ of a control system?
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– A) The system’s response during the time it takes to reach steady-state after a disturbance
– B) The system’s long-term behavior
– C) The steady-state output of the system
– D) The system’s response to periodic inputs
– **Answer:** A) The system’s response during the time it takes to reach steady-state after a disturbance
11. What does the term ‘damping ratio’ indicate in a control system?
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– A) The degree to which oscillations in the system are reduced
– B) The speed at which the system reaches steady-state
– C) The maximum allowable gain before instability
– D) The system’s sensitivity to external disturbances
– **Answer:** A) The degree to which oscillations in the system are reduced
12. What is the primary advantage of a ‘lead compensator’ in control systems?
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– A) It improves system stability by increasing the phase margin
– B) It eliminates steady-state error
– C) It reduces the system’s response time
– D) It decreases the system’s phase margin
– **Answer:** A) It improves system stability by increasing the phase margin
13. What is the function of a ‘lag compensator’ in control systems?
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– A) To improve the steady-state accuracy of the system while introducing a phase lag
– B) To increase the system’s phase margin
– C) To reduce the system’s gain margin
– D) To improve transient response by adding phase lead
– **Answer:** A) To improve the steady-state accuracy of the system while introducing a phase lag
14. What does the ‘Nyquist criterion’ assess in a control system?
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– A) The stability of the system based on the frequency response
– B) The system’s time-domain response
– C) The state-space representation of the system
– D) The transient response of the system
– **Answer:** A) The stability of the system based on the frequency response
15. In control systems, what is ‘pole placement’?
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– A) A method to place the poles of a system’s transfer function at desired locations to achieve specific performance characteristics
– B) A technique to analyze the system’s frequency response
– C) A method to improve the system’s steady-state error
– D) A procedure to measure the system’s phase response
– **Answer:** A) A method to place the poles of a system’s transfer function at desired locations to achieve specific performance characteristics
16. What is the main purpose of ‘state-space representation’ in control systems?
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– A) To model and analyze systems using state variables
– B) To design frequency domain compensators
– C) To calculate the system’s gain margin
– D) To measure the system’s transient response
– **Answer:** A) To model and analyze systems using state variables
17. Which of the following is a characteristic of a ‘second-order system’?
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– A) It has two poles in its transfer function that influence its response
– B) It has three poles and zeros
– C) It exhibits a steady-state error that increases with time
– D) It only has one pole affecting its behavior
– **Answer:** A) It has two poles in its transfer function that influence its response
18. What is ‘steady-state gain’ in a control system?
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– A) The ratio of the output to the input in steady-state conditions
– B) The maximum deviation from the desired output during transient response
– C) The time it takes for the system to reach steady-state
– D) The rate of change in the system’s output
– **Answer:** A) The ratio of the output to the input in steady-state conditions
19. In control systems, what does ‘root locus’ analyze?
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– A) The trajectory of the system poles in the s-plane as a system parameter varies
– B) The system’s response to a sinusoidal input
– C) The steady-state error of the system
– D) The effect of external disturbances on the system
– **Answer:** A) The trajectory of the system poles in the s-plane as a system parameter varies
20. What is ‘control effort’ in a control system?
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– A) The input required to achieve the desired system response
– B) The system’s output response to changes
– C) The adjustment of control parameters
– D) The time required for the system to reach steady-state
– **Answer:** A) The input required to achieve the desired system response
21. What does the term ‘transmission zero’ refer to in control systems?
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– A) A frequency at which the system output is zero despite non-zero input
– B) A point in the system where the phase response crosses zero
– C) A location where the system gain becomes infinite
– D) A state in the system’s response where the input and output are equal
– **Answer:** A) A frequency at which the system output is zero despite non-zero input
22. In control theory, what is the role of ‘lead-lag compensators’?
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– A) To combine the effects of lead and lag compensation to enhance system performance
– B) To increase the system’s gain margin
– C) To reduce the steady-state error of the system
– D) To simplify the controller design
– **Answer:** A) To combine the effects of lead and lag compensation to enhance system performance
23. What does the ‘Bode plot’ represent in frequency domain analysis?
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– A) The magnitude and phase of the system’s transfer function as a function of frequency
– B) The time-domain response of the system
– C) The system’s state-space representation
– D) The system’s gain margin and phase margin
– **Answer:** A) The magnitude and phase of the system’s transfer function as a function of frequency
24. Which technique is used to design a controller by specifying desired closed-loop pole locations?
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– A) Pole placement
– B) Frequency domain analysis
– C) State feedback
– D) Root locus
– **Answer:** A) Pole placement
25. What is ‘open-loop gain’?
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– A) The gain of the system when feedback is not applied
– B) The gain of the system with closed-loop feedback
– C) The gain margin of the system
– D) The rate of change of the system’s gain
– **Answer:** A) The gain of the system when feedback is not applied
26. What does the term ‘phase margin’ refer to in control systems?
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– A) The amount of additional phase lag required to bring the system to the verge of instability
– B) The maximum allowable gain before the system becomes unstable
– C) The time delay before the system reaches steady-state
– D) The system’s gain at the phase crossover frequency
– **Answer:** A) The amount of additional phase lag required to bring the system to the verge of instability
27. Which of the following methods is used to analyze system stability using frequency response?
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– A) Nyquist criterion
– B) Root locus
– C) Time-domain analysis
– D) State-space analysis
– **Answer:** A) Nyquist criterion
28. What is ‘state feedback’ in control systems?
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– A) A method of providing feedback from the system’s state variables to improve performance
– B) Feedback from the system’s output only
– C) Adjustment of system parameters based on external inputs
– D) Feedback that corrects errors based on predicted outcomes
– **Answer:** A) A method of providing feedback from the system’s state variables to improve performance
29. What is the purpose of ‘sensitivity analysis’ in control systems?
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– A) To assess how changes in system parameters affect system performance
– B) To determine the system’s transient response
– C) To measure the system’s steady-state gain
– D) To analyze the phase response of the system
– **Answer:** A) To assess how changes in system parameters affect system performance
30. What does ‘control system stability’ primarily depend on?
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– A) The locations of the poles in the system’s transfer function
– B) The gain margin and phase margin
– C) The system’s feedback mechanism
– D) The system’s transient response characteristics
– **Answer:** A) The locations of the poles in the system’s transfer function
31. Which of the following describes ‘frequency domain analysis’?
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– A) Analyzing system behavior in terms of frequency response
– B) Analyzing the system’s time-domain response
– C) Measuring the system’s steady-state error
– D) Designing controllers based on time-domain specifications
– **Answer:** A) Analyzing system behavior in terms of frequency response
32. What is the purpose of a ‘notch filter’ in control systems?
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– A) To attenuate specific frequency components to reduce system vibrations or noise
– B) To amplify high-frequency signals
– C) To improve the system’s phase margin
– D) To increase the system’s gain margin
– **Answer:** A) To attenuate specific frequency components to reduce system vibrations or noise
33. What does ‘closed-loop control’ mean?
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– A) A control strategy where the output is fed back and used to adjust the input
– B) A system where inputs are adjusted manually
– C) A method to measure system output without feedback
– D) A technique to reduce system delays
– **Answer:** A) A control strategy where the output is fed back and used to adjust the input
34. What does the term ‘response time’ refer to in a control system?
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– A) The time required for the system to reach a specified percentage of the final value after a disturbance
– B) The time taken to process input data
– C) The duration of the system’s transient period
– D) The time for the system to achieve steady-state
– **Answer:** A) The time required for the system to reach a specified percentage of the final value after a disturbance
35. What is the purpose of ‘root locus’ analysis in control systems?
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– A) To determine how the locations of the system poles change with variations in system parameters
– B) To measure the system’s steady-state error
– C) To analyze the system’s frequency response
– D) To compute the system’s transient response
– **Answer:** A) To determine how the locations of the system poles change with variations in system parameters
36. Which of the following describes a ‘stable’ control system?
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– A) A system where all poles of the transfer function have negative real parts
– B) A system where the poles are located on the imaginary axis
– C) A system with poles in the right half-plane
– D) A system with zero poles
– **Answer:** A) A system where all poles of the transfer function have negative real parts
37. What is the function of a ‘proportional’ controller in a control system?
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– A) To adjust the control input proportionally to the error signal
– B) To integrate the error over time to eliminate steady-state error
– C) To add a derivative term to anticipate future errors
– D) To provide feedback based on predicted outcomes
– **Answer:** A) To adjust the control input proportionally to the error signal
38. What does the term ‘overshoot’ refer to in control systems?
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– A) The extent to which the system’s response exceeds the desired value before settling
– B) The time taken for the system to reach steady-state
– C) The rate of change in the system’s output
– D) The system’s steady-state error
– **Answer:** A) The extent to which the system’s response exceeds the desired value before settling
39. What is the primary use of a ‘Kalman filter’ in control systems?
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– A) To estimate the state of a dynamic system from noisy measurements
– B) To provide a proportional control action
– C) To design lead-lag compensators
– D) To analyze the system’s frequency response
– **Answer:** A) To estimate the state of a dynamic system from noisy measurements
40. In control systems, what does ‘phase shift’ refer to?
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– A) The change in the phase angle of the system’s output relative to the input
– B) The time delay before the system reaches steady-state
– C) The adjustment of the system’s gain margin
– D) The reduction of system oscillations
– **Answer:** A) The change in the phase angle of the system’s output relative to the input
41. What is the role of ‘adaptive control’ in automatic control systems?
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– A) To automatically adjust control parameters in response to changes in system dynamics
– B) To provide fixed control parameters regardless of system changes
– C) To measure system performance without making changes
– D) To manually adjust system parameters based on observations
– **Answer:** A) To automatically adjust control parameters in response to changes in system dynamics
42. What does the term ‘stability margin’ refer to?
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– A) The amount of gain or phase change the system can tolerate before becoming unstable
– B) The rate of change in the system’s gain
– C) The system’s steady-state error
– D) The time required for the system to reach stability
– **Answer:** A) The amount of gain or phase change the system can tolerate before becoming unstable
43. What is the significance of ‘pole-zero cancellation’ in control system design?
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– A) To simplify the system’s transfer function by canceling poles and zeros
– B) To improve the system’s phase margin
– C) To increase the system’s gain margin
– D) To measure the system’s steady-state accuracy
– **Answer:** A) To simplify the system’s transfer function by canceling poles and zeros
44. What does the term ‘controller gain’ refer to?
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– A) The factor by which the controller amplifies the error signal
– B) The rate of change of the system’s output
– C) The system’s steady-state error
– D) The time constant of the system’s response
– **Answer:** A) The factor by which the controller amplifies the error signal
45. What is ‘frequency response’ analysis used for in control systems?
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– A) To assess how the system responds to sinusoidal inputs at different frequencies
– B) To measure the system’s transient response to step inputs
– C) To design controllers based on time-domain specifications
– D) To evaluate the system’s steady-state error
– **Answer:** A) To assess how the system responds to sinusoidal inputs at different frequencies
46. What is the purpose of a ‘lead compensator’ in control systems?
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– A) To improve the phase margin and transient response of the system
– B) To reduce the system’s steady-state error
– C) To integrate the error signal over time
– D) To provide feedback based on predicted outcomes
– **Answer:** A) To improve the phase margin and transient response of the system
47. What is the main advantage of ‘state-space’ analysis in control systems?
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– A) It provides a comprehensive framework for analyzing and designing multi-input multi-output systems
– B) It focuses only on the system’s frequency response
– C) It simplifies the system by ignoring interactions between states
– D) It measures the system’s steady-state performance
– **Answer:** A) It provides a comprehensive framework for analyzing and designing multi-input multi-output systems
48. What does ‘transient response’ refer to in control systems?
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– A) The behavior of the system immediately after a disturbance before reaching steady-state
– B) The system’s performance during steady-state operation
– C) The time taken for the system to reach steady-state
– D) The system’s response to continuous sinusoidal inputs
– **Answer:** A) The behavior of the system immediately after a disturbance before reaching steady-state
49. What is ‘observability’ in state-space systems?
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– A) The ability to determine the internal state of the system based on its outputs
– B) The system’s capability to control its internal states
– C) The ability to measure the system’s steady-state performance
– D) The system’s stability margin
– **Answer:** A) The ability to determine the internal state of the system based on its outputs
50. What is the function of a ‘lag compensator’ in control systems?
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– A) To improve the steady-state accuracy and reduce steady-state error
– B) To enhance the system’s phase margin and transient response
– C) To add a derivative term to anticipate future errors
– D) To measure the system’s frequency response
– **Answer:** A) To improve the steady-state accuracy and reduce steady-state error

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