The Role of the Judiciary in Constitutional Interpretation MCQs USA

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1. Which case established the principle of judicial review, allowing the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional? a) Marbury v. Madison b) McCulloch v. Maryland c) Gibbons v. Ogden d) Brown v. Board of Education Answer: a) Marbury v. Madison 2. What is the primary role of the judiciary in the American constitutional system? a) To enforce laws b) To create laws c) To interpret laws and the Constitution d) To execute laws Answer: c) To interpret laws and the Constitution 3. Which principle refers to the judiciary’s power to review and invalidate laws that conflict with the Constitution? a) Judicial activism b) Judicial review c) Judicial restraint d) Judicial precedent Answer: b) Judicial review 4. Which doctrine involves the court’s practice of following precedents set by previous rulings? a) Stare decisis b) Habeas corpus c) Amicus curiae d) Ratio decidendi Answer: a) Stare decisis 5. In which case did the Supreme Court rule that the Constitution does not guarantee the right to privacy? a) Roe v. Wade b) Griswold v. Connecticut c) Washington v. Glucksberg d) Lawrence v. Texas Answer: c) Washington v. Glucksberg 6. Which clause in the Constitution is often cited in cases involving individual rights and liberties? a) Commerce Clause b) Supremacy Clause c) Equal Protection Clause d) Necessary and Proper Clause Answer: c) Equal Protection Clause 7. What is judicial activism? a) When courts strictly interpret the Constitution based on its text b) When courts avoid making decisions that could alter existing laws c) When courts actively interpret the Constitution to address contemporary issues d) When courts defer to legislative and executive branches Answer: c) When courts actively interpret the Constitution to address contemporary issues 8. What is judicial restraint? a) When courts actively interpret the Constitution to address contemporary issues b) When courts adhere closely to the text of the Constitution and avoid making broad rulings c) When courts create new rights not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution d) When courts make decisions based on public opinion Answer: b) When courts adhere closely to the text of the Constitution and avoid making broad rulings 9. Which case involved the Supreme Court upholding the use of judicial review to invalidate state laws that conflict with federal law? a) McCulloch v. Maryland b) Gibbons v. Ogden c) Marbury v. Madison d) Brown v. Board of Education Answer: a) McCulloch v. Maryland 10. What is the significance of the case Brown v. Board of Education (1954)? a) It established the principle of judicial review b) It declared that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional c) It upheld the constitutionality of the Jim Crow laws d) It ruled on the rights of criminal defendants Answer: b) It declared that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional 11. Which case set the precedent for the right to an attorney in criminal cases? a) Gideon v. Wainwright b) Miranda v. Arizona c) Mapp v. Ohio d) Furman v. Georgia Answer: a) Gideon v. Wainwright 12. What is the “living Constitution” approach to interpretation? a) Interpreting the Constitution based strictly on the text as it was understood at the time of its drafting b) Adhering to the original intent of the framers without regard to modern circumstances c) Viewing the Constitution as a dynamic document that evolves with societal changes d) Ignoring the Constitution in favor of international law Answer: c) Viewing the Constitution as a dynamic document that evolves with societal changes 13. Which of the following is a common criticism of judicial activism? a) It restricts the judiciary’s ability to adapt to new circumstances b) It may lead to decisions based on personal or political beliefs rather than legal principles c) It limits the role of courts in interpreting the Constitution d) It causes courts to avoid controversial issues Answer: b) It may lead to decisions based on personal or political beliefs rather than legal principles 14. Which case addressed the issue of executive privilege and presidential power? a) United States v. Nixon b) Bush v. Gore c) Dred Scott v. Sandford d) Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission Answer: a) United States v. Nixon 15. Which principle asserts that courts should interpret the Constitution based on its original meaning and intent? a) Originalism b) Textualism c) Pragmatism d) Judicial restraint Answer: a) Originalism 16. In which case did the Supreme Court establish the right to privacy as a fundamental right? a) Roe v. Wade b) Griswold v. Connecticut c) Lawrence v. Texas d) Obergefell v. Hodges Answer: b) Griswold v. Connecticut 17. Which concept refers to the practice of deferring to the decisions of other branches of government, especially in matters of policy? a) Judicial activism b) Judicial restraint c) Judicial review d) Judicial supremacy Answer: b) Judicial restraint 18. What role do amicus curiae briefs play in Supreme Court cases? a) They are written by justices to explain their rulings b) They are submitted by non-parties to provide additional information or arguments c) They represent the official position of the federal government d) They are used to challenge the standing of the parties involved Answer: b) They are submitted by non-parties to provide additional information or arguments 19. Which case ruled that the Constitution does not guarantee a right to die? a) Washington v. Glucksberg b) Roe v. Wade c) Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health d) Obergefell v. Hodges Answer: a) Washington v. Glucksberg 20. Which concept refers to the practice of courts interpreting statutes and constitutional provisions in light of contemporary values? a) Originalism b) Living constitutionalism c) Strict constructionism d) Textualism Answer: b) Living constitutionalism 21. In which case did the Supreme Court hold that the federal government cannot compel states to implement federal programs? a) Printz v. United States b) McCulloch v. Maryland c) Gibbons v. Ogden d) National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius Answer: a) Printz v. United States 22. What is the primary function of the Supreme Court’s writ of certiorari? a) To compel lower courts to issue a ruling b) To review the decisions of lower courts c) To initiate new cases d) To enforce Supreme Court decisions Answer: b) To review the decisions of lower courts 23. Which case held that the Constitution’s prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures extends to state governments? a) Mapp v. Ohio b) Gideon v. Wainwright c) Miranda v. Arizona d) Katz v. United States Answer: a) Mapp v. Ohio 24. Which principle emphasizes the importance of adhering to legal precedents in judicial decision-making? a) Judicial review b) Judicial activism c) Stare decisis d) Judicial restraint Answer: c) Stare decisis 25. Which case involved the Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public transportation was unconstitutional? a) Brown v. Board of Education b) Plessy v. Ferguson c) Roe v. Wade d) Obergefell v. Hodges Answer: a) Brown v. Board of Education 26. Which case established the “exclusionary rule” which prevents illegally obtained evidence from being used in court? a) Mapp v. Ohio b) Gideon v. Wainwright c) Miranda v. Arizona d) Terry v. Ohio Answer: a) Mapp v. Ohio 27. Which amendment was central to the Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade? a) First Amendment b) Fourth Amendment c) Fifth Amendment d) Fourteenth Amendment Answer: d) Fourteenth Amendment 28. Which case held that the federal government has the authority to regulate all forms of commercial activity affecting interstate commerce? a) United States v. Lopez b) Wickard v. Filburn c) Gibbons v. Ogden d) McCulloch v. Maryland Answer: b) Wickard v. Filburn 29. Which case involved the Supreme Court ruling that the President does not have unilateral power to declare war? a) Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer b) United States v. Nixon c) Hamdan v. Rumsfeld d) Bush v. Gore Answer: a) Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer 30. Which principle involves the Court’s role in determining the constitutionality of executive and legislative actions? a) Judicial review b) Judicial restraint c) Judicial activism d) Judicial supremacy Answer: a) Judicial review

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