Volcanology – MCQs

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1. The scientific study of volcanoes is called:





2. Magma that reaches the Earth’s surface is called:





3. Which type of volcano has broad, gentle slopes?





4. Which volcano type is built from alternating layers of lava and pyroclasts?





5. Small, steep-sided volcanoes composed mainly of pyroclastic material are:





6. A volcanic dome forms mainly from:





7. Which volcanic landform is created when the summit collapses after an eruption?





8. A bowl-shaped depression at the summit of a volcano is called:





9. The largest volcano on Earth is:





10. The Ring of Fire surrounds which ocean?





11. Pyroclastic flows are:





12. A mudflow composed of volcanic debris and water is called:





13. The Hawaiian Islands were formed by:





14. Which type of magma is least viscous?





15. Which magma type is most viscous?





16. Volcanic gases are mainly composed of:





17. Which gas is most hazardous in volcanic eruptions?





18. Pillow lavas form when lava erupts:





19. A fissure eruption produces:





20. Columnar joints are formed due to:





21. The VEI scale is used to measure:





22. The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD buried which city?





23. Which volcano erupted in 1980 in the USA?





24. Which volcanic feature is formed by explosive interaction of magma and groundwater?





25. The most dangerous volcanic hazard is:





26. Lava with rough, jagged surface is called:





27. Lava with smooth, ropy surface is called:





28. Volcanic tuff is formed from:





29. Obsidian is:





30. A nueé ardente is another name for:





31. Which volcano is known as a “supervolcano”?





32. Which type of volcano is typically the largest in area?





33. Which type of volcano is typically the smallest?





34. Basaltic eruptions are usually:





35. Rhyolitic eruptions are generally:





36. A dormant volcano is one that:





37. An extinct volcano is:





38. Strombolian eruptions are characterized by:





39. Hawaiian eruptions are:





40. The 1883 eruption that caused global climatic effects was:





41. The largest known eruption in history occurred at:





42. Volcanic bombs are:





43. Pele’s hair refers to:





44. Fumaroles are:





45. A geyser is a type of:





46. Which volcano erupted in the Philippines in 1991?





47. Tephra refers to:





48. Which volcano destroyed the island of Thera (Santorini) in ancient times?





49. Lava tubes are formed when:





50. The term “Plinian eruption” refers to:





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