Stratigraphy – MCQs

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1. The branch of geology that deals with the study of rock layers and their sequence is called:





2. The basic unit of lithostratigraphy is:





3. The smallest lithostratigraphic unit is:





4. The largest lithostratigraphic unit is:





5. The principle of superposition was first introduced by:





6. According to the principle of superposition, the youngest rock layer is found:





7. The principle of original horizontality states that sediments are deposited:





8. The principle of cross-cutting relationships states that:





9. The principle of faunal succession was proposed by:





10. The correlation of rock layers between two areas is called:





11. A gap in the geological record is called:





12. An unconformity representing tilted or folded rocks below and horizontal rocks above is:





13. An unconformity between sedimentary rocks and underlying igneous or metamorphic rocks is:





14. A time gap in sedimentation without visible erosion surface is:





15. The principle of lateral continuity suggests:





16. Biostratigraphy is based on:





17. Index fossils are used for:





18. The best index fossils are those that are:





19. Chronostratigraphy is based on:





20. The time-rock equivalent of a period is:





21. The time equivalent of a system is:





22. The time-rock unit equivalent of an epoch is:





23. The time equivalent of a stage is:





24. The largest stratigraphic unit of time is:





25. Which eon represents the earliest earth history?





26. The Phanerozoic eon began approximately:





27. The Paleozoic era is followed by:





28. The Mesozoic era is also known as the age of:





29. The Cenozoic era is also called the age of:





30. The Cambrian explosion refers to:





31. Unconformities represent:





32. The study of layered volcanic rocks within stratigraphy is called:





33. Magnetostratigraphy is based on:





34. Chemostratigraphy deals with:





35. Sequence stratigraphy focuses on:





36. A formation is defined on the basis of:





37. A group consists of:





38. A series consists of:





39. Which stratigraphic unit corresponds to an era in time?





40. Which principle is used for determining relative age of fossils?





41. A rock unit with distinct fossil assemblage used for correlation is:





42. The base of the Cambrian is defined by the appearance of:





43. The Permian-Triassic boundary is marked by:





44. The Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary is identified by:





45. The Quaternary period belongs to which era?





46. Which epoch is known as the “Ice Age”?





47. The Holocene epoch began approximately:





48. The boundary between Precambrian and Phanerozoic is marked by:





49. The K–Pg boundary is rich in:





50. The concept of uniformitarianism was proposed by:





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