What is the study of drugs and their effects on the body called?
A) Toxicology
B) Pharmacology
C) Pathophysiology
D) Physiology
Answer: B
Which of the following is NOT a route of drug administration?
A) Oral
B) Intravenous
C) Dermal
D) Thermal
Answer: D
What term describes the amount of a drug that reaches systemic circulation?
A) Bioavailability
B) Potency
C) Efficacy
D) Tolerance
Answer: A
Which class of drugs is primarily used to relieve pain?
A) Antipyretics
B) Analgesics
C) Antibiotics
D) Antidepressants
Answer: B
What is the primary action of beta-blockers?
A) Increase heart rate
B) Decrease heart rate and blood pressure
C) Dilate blood vessels
D) Increase insulin sensitivity
Answer: B
Which of the following is an example of a narrow therapeutic index drug?
A) Ibuprofen
B) Warfarin
C) Acetaminophen
D) Metformin
Answer: B
What is the term for the study of how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted?
A) Pharmacodynamics
B) Pharmacokinetics
C) Toxicology
D) Chemotherapy
Answer: B
Which type of drug is used to reduce inflammation?
A) Analgesics
B) Antibiotics
C) Corticosteroids
D) Antihistamines
Answer: C
What is the mechanism of action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?
A) Inhibit cyclooxygenase enzymes
B) Block histamine receptors
C) Inhibit serotonin reuptake
D) Stimulate opioid receptors
Answer: A
Which of the following is a common side effect of opioids?
A) Insomnia
B) Diarrhea
C) Constipation
D) Hyperactivity
Answer: C
What is the primary use of antibiotics?
A) To relieve pain
B) To treat viral infections
C) To treat bacterial infections
D) To reduce inflammation
Answer: C
Which of the following medications is classified as an anticoagulant?
A) Aspirin
B) Clopidogrel
C) Warfarin
D) Acetaminophen
Answer: C
What does the term “half-life” refer to in pharmacology?
A) The time it takes for a drug to become effective
B) The time it takes for half of the drug to be eliminated from the body
C) The time it takes for a drug to reach peak concentration
D) The duration of a drug’s action
Answer: B
Which drug is commonly used to treat hypertension?
A) Metoprolol
B) Amoxicillin
C) Ibuprofen
D) Omeprazole
Answer: A
What type of drug is used to treat anxiety disorders?
A) Antipsychotics
B) Antidepressants
C) Benzodiazepines
D) Stimulants
Answer: C
What is the primary action of diuretics?
A) Decrease blood sugar levels
B) Increase urine production
C) Dilate blood vessels
D) Increase heart rate
Answer: B
Which of the following is a common side effect of antihistamines?
A) Drowsiness
B) Insomnia
C) Increased appetite
D) Diarrhea
Answer: A
What is the role of a drug’s “indication”?
A) The way the drug is metabolized
B) The conditions or diseases the drug is used to treat
C) The potential side effects of the drug
D) The chemical structure of the drug
Answer: B
Which of the following is an example of a systemic route of drug administration?
A) Topical
B) Inhalation
C) Intradermal
D) Subcutaneous
Answer: B
What is a common use of corticosteroids in medicine?
A) To treat bacterial infections
B) To reduce inflammation and suppress the immune response
C) To relieve pain
D) To manage anxiety
Answer: B
Which of the following medications is an example of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)?
A) Fluoxetine
B) Amitriptyline
C) Venlafaxine
D) Paroxetine
Answer: A
What is the primary purpose of a loading dose?
A) To achieve a rapid therapeutic effect
B) To maintain drug levels in the body
C) To minimize side effects
D) To reduce drug interactions
Answer: A
Which drug is commonly used to treat Type 2 diabetes?
A) Metformin
B) Lisinopril
C) Simvastatin
D) Levothyroxine
Answer: A
What is the mechanism of action of statins?
A) Lower blood sugar levels
B) Inhibit cholesterol synthesis in the liver
C) Increase blood flow
D) Block calcium channels
Answer: B
Which class of drugs is used to treat depression?
A) Antihypertensives
B) Antidepressants
C) Antipsychotics
D) Anticonvulsants
Answer: B
What is pharmacodynamics?
A) The study of drug absorption
B) The study of the effects of drugs on the body
C) The study of drug distribution
D) The study of drug elimination
Answer: B
Which of the following is a major side effect of long-term corticosteroid use?
A) Hypoglycemia
B) Osteoporosis
C) Hypertension
D) Both B and C
Answer: D
What is the primary goal of drug therapy in chronic diseases?
A) Cure the disease
B) Manage symptoms and improve quality of life
C) Eliminate the need for medical care
D) Prevent all side effects
Answer: B
Which of the following is an antipyretic medication?
A) Acetaminophen
B) Ibuprofen
C) Aspirin
D) All of the above
Answer: D
What does the term “contraindication” refer to?
A) A drug that enhances the effects of another
B) A situation in which a drug should not be used
C) A potential side effect of a drug
D) A drug that is safe for all patients
Answer: B