Palaeontology – MCQs August 27, 2025August 27, 2025 by u930973931_answers 50 Score: 0 Attempted: 0/50 Subscribe 1. The study of fossils is called: (A) Archaeology (B) Paleontology (C) Petrology (D) Stratigraphy 2. Who is known as the “Father of Paleontology”? (A) Charles Lyell (B) Georges Cuvier (C) Charles Darwin (D) William Smith 3. Which era is called the “Age of Reptiles”? (A) Paleozoic (B) Mesozoic (C) Cenozoic (D) Precambrian 4. Fossils are most commonly preserved in: (A) Igneous rocks (B) Sedimentary rocks (C) Metamorphic rocks (D) Volcanic rocks 5. Which process preserves soft parts of organisms? (A) Carbonization (B) Permineralization (C) Petrifaction (D) Replacement 6. The oldest known fossils are of: (A) Dinosaurs (B) Trilobites (C) Stromatolites (D) Ammonites 7. Dinosaurs became extinct at the end of: (A) Jurassic (B) Triassic (C) Cretaceous (D) Permian 8. Which is the index fossil of the Paleozoic era? (A) Ammonites (B) Trilobites (C) Dinosaurs (D) Mammoths 9. The study of fossil pollen and spores is called: (A) Palynology (B) Paleobotany (C) Paleoecology (D) Biostratigraphy 10. Which group is known as the “Age of Mammals”? (A) Paleozoic (B) Mesozoic (C) Cenozoic (D) Precambrian 11. The science dealing with ancient environments using fossils is: (A) Paleoecology (B) Paleobotany (C) Biostratigraphy (D) Palynology 12. Which fossil fuel is derived from ancient plant remains? (A) Petroleum (B) Coal (C) Natural Gas (D) Asphalt 13. Fossil footprints are called: (A) Body fossils (B) Coprolites (C) Ichnofossils (D) Casts 14. Which period is called the “Age of Trilobites”? (A) Cambrian (B) Ordovician (C) Silurian (D) Devonian 15. The first vertebrates appeared during: (A) Cambrian (B) Ordovician (C) Silurian (D) Devonian 16. Which fossil provides evidence of bird-dinosaur relationship? (A) Tyrannosaurus (B) Archaeopteryx (C) Megalodon (D) Ichthyosaurus 17. The petrified forest of Arizona is famous for: (A) Dinosaur bones (B) Fossilized wood (C) Trilobites (D) Ammonites 18. Which fossil is an index fossil of the Mesozoic era? (A) Ammonites (B) Trilobites (C) Graptolites (D) Stromatolites 19. Amber preserves fossils by: (A) Replacement (B) Entrapment in resin (C) Carbonization (D) Recrystallization 20. The Permian mass extinction wiped out about: (A) 20% of species (B) 50% of species (C) 70% of species (D) 90% of species 21. Which group of animals dominated the Cambrian period? (A) Mammals (B) Reptiles (C) Trilobites (D) Birds 22. The oldest known multicellular fossils are found in: (A) Cambrian (B) Precambrian (C) Devonian (D) Ordovician 23. The largest flying reptile of the Mesozoic was: (A) Plesiosaurus (B) Pteranodon (C) Ichthyosaurus (D) Megalodon 24. The first land plants appeared in: (A) Cambrian (B) Ordovician (C) Silurian (D) Devonian 25. Which fossil type preserves animal droppings? (A) Gastroliths (B) Ichnofossils (C) Coprolites (D) Casts 26. The Devonian is known as the “Age of”: (A) Dinosaurs (B) Mammals (C) Fishes (D) Reptiles 27. The study of ancient plants through fossils is: (A) Palynology (B) Paleobotany (C) Paleoecology (D) Biostratigraphy 28. The boundary between Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras is marked by: (A) K–Pg extinction event (B) Permian extinction (C) Cambrian explosion (D) Ordovician glaciation 29. Which fossil group is useful for correlating Paleozoic strata? (A) Trilobites (B) Dinosaurs (C) Mammoths (D) Ammonites 30. Which period is called the “Age of Amphibians”? (A) Devonian (B) Carboniferous (C) Permian (D) Triassic 31. Microfossils are fossils of: (A) Dinosaurs (B) Microscopic organisms (C) Mammals (D) Plants 32. The earliest mammals appeared in the: (A) Triassic (B) Jurassic (C) Cretaceous (D) Devonian 33. Which period is also called the “Age of Coal”? (A) Ordovician (B) Silurian (C) Carboniferous (D) Devonian 34. Which of the following is a trace fossil? (A) Shell (B) Bone (C) Footprint (D) Leaf impression 35. The study of fossil distribution in rock layers is: (A) Stratigraphy (B) Biostratigraphy (C) Paleoecology (D) Sedimentology 36. Which is the largest mammal fossil ever discovered? (A) Mammoth (B) Blue Whale ancestor (C) Megatherium (D) Indricotherium 37. The Burgess Shale is famous for fossils of: (A) Dinosaurs (B) Cambrian soft-bodied animals (C) Mammals (D) Ammonites 38. Which organism marks the beginning of complex life in the Cambrian Explosion? (A) Trilobites (B) Graptolites (C) Stromatolites (D) Foraminifera 39. The Ice Age megafauna included: (A) Trilobites (B) Dinosaurs (C) Mammoths (D) Ammonites 40. Which fossil is often used to study past climates? (A) Ammonites (B) Foraminifera (C) Dinosaurs (D) Trilobites 41. Which era is called the “Age of Invertebrates”? (A) Precambrian (B) Paleozoic (C) Mesozoic (D) Cenozoic 42. Fossil resins like amber are derived from: (A) Animal shells (B) Plant exudates (C) Microorganisms (D) Minerals 43. Which fossil represents the earliest bird? (A) Archaeopteryx (B) Pteranodon (C) Dodo (D) Moa 44. The first reptiles appeared in which period? (A) Cambrian (B) Carboniferous (C) Silurian (D) Devonian 45. Which era ended with the largest extinction in Earth’s history? (A) Paleozoic (B) Mesozoic (C) Cenozoic (D) Precambrian 46. Which type of fossil is formed when minerals fill a mold? (A) Cast fossil (B) Impression fossil (C) Trace fossil (D) Coprolite 47. The Jurassic period is famous for: (A) Trilobites (B) Dinosaurs (C) Mammoths (D) Stromatolites 48. Graptolites are important index fossils for: (A) Ordovician and Silurian (B) Devonian and Carboniferous (C) Jurassic and Cretaceous (D) Precambrian 49. Which fossil type shows evidence of past animal behavior? (A) Body fossil (B) Trace fossil (C) Mineralized fossil (D) Petrified fossil 50. Which is the youngest era in the geologic time scale? (A) Paleozoic (B) Mesozoic (C) Cenozoic (D) Precambrian Engineering Geology – MCQs Environmental Geology – MCQs Geochemistry – MCQs Geochronology – MCQs Geomorphology / Surface Processes – MCQs Geophysics – MCQs Hydrogeology – MCQs Igneous Petrology – MCQs Metamorphic Petrology – MCQs Sedimentology – MCQs Stratigraphy – MCQs Structural Geology – MCQs Volcanology – MCQs Natural Hazards / Geological Hazards – MCQs Economic Geology / Mining / Petroleum Geology – MCQs Oceanography / Marine Geology – MCQs Palaeontology – MCQs Planetary Science (including Planetary Geology) – MCQs Remote Sensing – MCQs Natural Resources / Unconventional Energy – MCQs