Nanobiotechnology MCQs

1. What is the primary advantage of using nanoparticles in drug delivery systems?
(A) Nanoparticles increase the solubility of drugs
(B) Nanoparticles reduce the side effects of drugs by targeting specific tissues
(C) Nanoparticles enhance the immune response
(D) Nanoparticles allow drugs to be taken orally

2. Which of the following techniques is primarily used in nanobiotechnology for the synthesis of nanoparticles?
(A) Polymeric nanoparticle-based chromatography
(B) Electrochemical reduction
(C) Sol-gel synthesis
(D) Protein crystallization

3. Which of the following is a common method used to functionalize nanoparticles in nanobiotechnology?
(A) Modification of the pH environment
(B) Surface coating with biocompatible materials
(C) High-temperature thermal treatment
(D) Use of strong acids to degrade surface proteins

4. Which of the following is a challenge associated with the use of nanoparticles in medical applications?
(A) Limited ability to cross biological membranes
(B) High toxicity of nanoparticles to healthy cells
(C) Difficulty in controlling the size of nanoparticles
(D) Low cost of production

5. In nanobiotechnology, what is the primary function of gold nanoparticles in biosensors?
(A) To enhance the solubility of target molecules
(B) To detect changes in electrical conductivity
(C) To improve drug delivery efficiency
(D) To stabilize enzymes in biological reactions

6. Which of the following is the primary characteristic of a nanocarrier used in drug delivery systems?
(A) Ability to degrade quickly in the body
(B) High surface area for drug loading
(C) Resistance to environmental degradation
(D) Small size that prevents cellular uptake

7. What is the purpose of using dendrimers in nanobiotechnology?
(A) To create stable protein nanostructures
(B) To act as scaffolds for tissue regeneration
(C) To provide a controlled release of genetic material
(D) To act as drug delivery vehicles with highly branched structures

8. Which technique is most commonly used to observe nanoparticles at atomic resolution?
(A) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
(B) Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
(C) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
(D) X-ray diffraction

9. What is the principle behind the use of quantum dots in nanobiotechnology?
(A) Their ability to fluoresce when excited by light
(B) Their high electrical conductivity
(C) Their ability to resist degradation in harsh environments
(D) Their capacity to bind specifically to genetic material

10. What is the primary mechanism by which nanoparticles can be used for gene delivery in nanobiotechnology?
(A) The ability to degrade the cell membrane
(B) The ability to induce DNA replication
(C) The ability to carry and release genetic material into cells
(D) The ability to interact with ribosomes directly

11. Which type of nanomaterial is commonly used in the treatment of cancer due to its ability to specifically target tumor cells?
(A) Liposomes
(B) Carbon nanotubes
(C) Magnetic nanoparticles
(D) Nanocapsules

12. In nanobiotechnology, the term “nanoscale” typically refers to structures with dimensions in which range?
(A) 1-100 micrometers
(B) 1-100 nanometers
(C) 10-1000 micrometers
(D) 1-10 micrometers

13. Which of the following is a potential environmental risk of nanobiotechnology?
(A) Nanoparticles may accumulate in ecosystems and cause toxicity to organisms
(B) Nanomaterials may reduce the efficiency of solar panels
(C) Nanoparticles can alter genetic material in plants without causing harm
(D) Nanoparticles degrade rapidly in the environment

14. Which of the following is a method used to synthesize silver nanoparticles in nanobiotechnology?
(A) Chemical vapor deposition
(B) Biological reduction using plant extracts
(C) High-pressure homogenization
(D) Radioactive decay

15. Which property of nanoparticles is most responsible for their ability to cross biological membranes such as the blood-brain barrier?
(A) Their electrical conductivity
(B) Their small size and large surface area
(C) Their high fluorescence
(D) Their ability to bind to specific receptors