Hydrogeology – MCQs

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1. The study of the occurrence, distribution, and movement of groundwater is called:





2. The upper surface of the zone of saturation is known as:





3. A permeable rock formation that can store and transmit groundwater is called:





4. An impermeable formation that does not transmit water is called:





5. Which type of aquifer is bounded above and below by confining layers?





6. The capacity of a rock to transmit water is called:





7. The ratio of volume of voids to total volume of rock is:





8. The water held in small pores against gravity is:





9. The volume of water that drains freely under gravity is called:





10. The downward movement of water through soil is:





11. The replenishment of groundwater is termed:





12. Groundwater discharge commonly occurs at:





13. Darcy’s law relates to:





14. In Darcy’s law, discharge is proportional to:





15. Hydraulic conductivity depends on:





16. Which aquifer has its water level at atmospheric pressure?





17. Water under pressure in a confined aquifer is known as:





18. The zone above the water table containing both air and water is:





19. Which type of well penetrates a confined aquifer under pressure?





20. The ability of an aquifer to transmit water over its thickness is:





21. The zone where groundwater is stored is called:





22. Capillary rise is more significant in:





23. Groundwater that originates from rainfall is called:





24. Groundwater trapped in sediments since deposition is:





25. Water derived from magma during crystallization is:





26. The process of removing water from an aquifer by pumping is called:





27. Over-pumping of wells may cause:





28. The cone-shaped depression around a pumping well is:





29. The measure of energy available to move groundwater is:





30. The imaginary surface connecting water levels in wells is called:





31. Saltwater intrusion occurs in:





32. Groundwater pollution from septic tanks is an example of:





33. Nitrate contamination of groundwater is commonly due to:





34. Which geophysical method is widely used in groundwater exploration?





35. The term “base flow” refers to:





36. Springs occur when:





37. Karst aquifers develop in:





38. The unit of hydraulic conductivity is:





39. Storativity in a confined aquifer is generally:





40. Specific yield + specific retention =





41. The main source of groundwater recharge is:





42. Which soil type has the highest permeability?





43. Groundwater moves from:





44. Which of the following is a confined aquifer recharge method?





45. A perched aquifer is separated from the main water table by:





46. Ghyben-Herzberg relation applies to:





47. The main driving force of groundwater flow is:





48. The discharge of a well per unit drawdown is called:





49. The interaction between groundwater and surface water is studied under:





50. Which law governs groundwater flow in porous media?





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