Environmental Geology – MCQs

<div id=”stickscore”> <span id=”timer” class=”timer-container”></span> <strong id=”total-score” class=”score-box”>Score: 0</strong> <span id=”attempted-questions”>Attempted: 0/50</span> <span id=”subscribe”>Subscribe</span> </div> <div id=”mcq-container”> <form> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>1. The study of the interaction between humans and their geological environment is called:</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q1″ value=”Petrology” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q1’, ‘Environmental Geology’)”> (A) Petrology</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q1″ value=”Environmental Geology” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q1’, ‘Environmental Geology’)”> (B) Environmental Geology</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q1″ value=”Geomorphology” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q1’, ‘Environmental Geology’)”> (C) Geomorphology</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q1″ value=”Mineralogy” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q1’, ‘Environmental Geology’)”> (D) Mineralogy</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>2. Which of the following is a renewable resource?</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q2″ value=”Coal” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q2’, ‘Groundwater’)”> (A) Coal</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q2″ value=”Oil” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q2’, ‘Groundwater’)”> (B) Oil</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q2″ value=”Groundwater” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q2’, ‘Groundwater’)”> (C) Groundwater</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q2″ value=”Natural Gas” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q2’, ‘Groundwater’)”> (D) Natural Gas</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>3. The most common greenhouse gas produced by human activity is:</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q3″ value=”Methane” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q3’, ‘Carbon dioxide’)”> (A) Methane</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q3″ value=”Nitrous oxide” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q3’, ‘Carbon dioxide’)”> (B) Nitrous oxide</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q3″ value=”Carbon dioxide” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q3’, ‘Carbon dioxide’)”> (C) Carbon dioxide</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q3″ value=”Ozone” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q3’, ‘Carbon dioxide’)”> (D) Ozone</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>4. Acid rain is primarily caused by emissions of:</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q4″ value=”SO₂ and NOₓ” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q4’, ‘SO₂ and NOₓ’)”> (A) SO₂ and NOₓ</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q4″ value=”CO₂ and CH₄” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q4’, ‘SO₂ and NOₓ’)”> (B) CO₂ and CH₄</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q4″ value=”O₃ and CFCs” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q4’, ‘SO₂ and NOₓ’)”> (C) O₃ and CFCs</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q4″ value=”H₂S and CO” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q4’, ‘SO₂ and NOₓ’)”> (D) H₂S and CO</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>5. The process of recharging groundwater naturally is called:</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q5″ value=”Infiltration” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q5’, ‘Infiltration’)”> (A) Infiltration</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q5″ value=”Evaporation” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q5’, ‘Infiltration’)”> (B) Evaporation</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q5″ value=”Condensation” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q5’, ‘Infiltration’)”> (C) Condensation</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q5″ value=”Precipitation” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q5’, ‘Infiltration’)”> (D) Precipitation</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>6. Which natural disaster is most commonly linked with tsunamis?</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q6″ value=”Floods” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q6’, ‘Earthquakes’)”> (A) Floods</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q6″ value=”Earthquakes” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q6’, ‘Earthquakes’)”> (B) Earthquakes</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q6″ value=”Volcanic eruptions” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q6’, ‘Earthquakes’)”> (C) Volcanic eruptions</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q6″ value=”Landslides” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q6’, ‘Earthquakes’)”> (D) Landslides</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>7. The study of past climates using evidence from sediments and rocks is called:</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q7″ value=”Paleontology” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q7’, ‘Paleoclimatology’)”> (A) Paleontology</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q7″ value=”Paleoclimatology” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q7’, ‘Paleoclimatology’)”> (B) Paleoclimatology</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q7″ value=”Petrology” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q7’, ‘Paleoclimatology’)”> (C) Petrology</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q7″ value=”Stratigraphy” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q7’, ‘Paleoclimatology’)”> (D) Stratigraphy</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>8. Which type of rock often acts as an aquifer?</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q8″ value=”Shale” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q8’, ‘Sandstone’)”> (A) Shale</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q8″ value=”Sandstone” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q8’, ‘Sandstone’)”> (B) Sandstone</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q8″ value=”Basalt” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q8’, ‘Sandstone’)”> (C) Basalt</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q8″ value=”Granite” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q8’, ‘Sandstone’)”> (D) Granite</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>9. The ozone layer protects life on Earth by absorbing:</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q9″ value=”Infrared radiation” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q9’, ‘Ultraviolet radiation’)”> (A) Infrared radiation</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q9″ value=”Gamma rays” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q9’, ‘Ultraviolet radiation’)”> (B) Gamma rays</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q9″ value=”Ultraviolet radiation” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q9’, ‘Ultraviolet radiation’)”> (C) Ultraviolet radiation</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q9″ value=”X-rays” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q9’, ‘Ultraviolet radiation’)”> (D) X-rays</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>10. Which of the following is considered a non-point source of pollution?</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q10″ value=”Factory discharge” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q10’, ‘Agricultural runoff’)”> (A) Factory discharge</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q10″ value=”Sewage outlet” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q10’, ‘Agricultural runoff’)”> (B) Sewage outlet</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q10″ value=”Agricultural runoff” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q10’, ‘Agricultural runoff’)”> (C) Agricultural runoff</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q10″ value=”Oil spill” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q10’, ‘Agricultural runoff’)”> (D) Oil spill</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>11. Which scale measures the magnitude of earthquakes?</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q11″ value=”Mohs scale” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q11’, ‘Richter scale’)”> (A) Mohs scale</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q11″ value=”Richter scale” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q11’, ‘Richter scale’)”> (B) Richter scale</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q11″ value=”Beaufort scale” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q11’, ‘Richter scale’)”> (C) Beaufort scale</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q11″ value=”Mercalli scale” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q11’, ‘Richter scale’)”> (D) Mercalli scale</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>12. Global warming results mainly from increased:</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q12″ value=”Oxygen concentration” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q12’, ‘Greenhouse gases’)”> (A) Oxygen concentration</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q12″ value=”Greenhouse gases” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q12’, ‘Greenhouse gases’)”> (B) Greenhouse gases</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q12″ value=”Solar radiation” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q12’, ‘Greenhouse gases’)”> (C) Solar radiation</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q12″ value=”Ocean currents” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q12’, ‘Greenhouse gases’)”> (D) Ocean currents</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>13. Deforestation contributes most directly to:</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q13″ value=”Soil erosion” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q13’, ‘Soil erosion’)”> (A) Soil erosion</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q13″ value=”Mineral formation” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q13’, ‘Soil erosion’)”> (B) Mineral formation</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q13″ value=”Volcanoes” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q13’, ‘Soil erosion’)”> (C) Volcanoes</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q13″ value=”Earthquake hazards” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q13’, ‘Soil erosion’)”> (D) Earthquake hazards</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>14. Which of the following is a geologic hazard?</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q14″ value=”Recycling” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q14’, ‘Landslide’)”> (A) Recycling</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q14″ value=”Landslide” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q14’, ‘Landslide’)”> (B) Landslide</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q14″ value=”Composting” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q14’, ‘Landslide’)”> (C) Composting</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q14″ value=”Plantation” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q14’, ‘Landslide’)”> (D) Plantation</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>15. Desertification is most often caused by:</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q15″ value=”Overgrazing and deforestation” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q15’, ‘Overgrazing and deforestation’)”> (A) Overgrazing and deforestation</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q15″ value=”Volcanic eruptions” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q15’, ‘Overgrazing and deforestation’)”> (B) Volcanic eruptions</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q15″ value=”Earthquakes” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q15’, ‘Overgrazing and deforestation’)”> (C) Earthquakes</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q15″ value=”Landslides” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q15’, ‘Overgrazing and deforestation’)”> (D) Landslides</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>16. The water table represents:</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q16″ value=”Upper boundary of saturation zone” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q16’, ‘Upper boundary of saturation zone’)”> (A) Upper boundary of saturation zone</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q16″ value=”Lower boundary of aquifer” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q16’, ‘Upper boundary of saturation zone’)”> (B) Lower boundary of aquifer</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q16″ value=”Soil erosion layer” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q16’, ‘Upper boundary of saturation zone’)”> (C) Soil erosion layer</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q16″ value=”Bedrock surface” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q16’, ‘Upper boundary of saturation zone’)”> (D) Bedrock surface</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>17. Which is the largest reservoir of fresh water on Earth?</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q17″ value=”Rivers” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q17’, ‘Glaciers and ice sheets’)”> (A) Rivers</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q17″ value=”Lakes” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q17’, ‘Glaciers and ice sheets’)”> (B) Lakes</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q17″ value=”Glaciers and ice sheets” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q17’, ‘Glaciers and ice sheets’)”> (C) Glaciers and ice sheets</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q17″ value=”Groundwater” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q17’, ‘Glaciers and ice sheets’)”> (D) Groundwater</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>18. An earthquake under the sea may generate:</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q18″ value=”Typhoon” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q18’, ‘Tsunami’)”> (A) Typhoon</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q18″ value=”Cyclone” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q18’, ‘Tsunami’)”> (B) Cyclone</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q18″ value=”Tsunami” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q18’, ‘Tsunami’)”> (C) Tsunami</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q18″ value=”Hurricane” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q18’, ‘Tsunami’)”> (D) Hurricane</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>19. The term “land subsidence” is often related to:</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q19″ value=”Over-pumping of groundwater” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q19’, ‘Over-pumping of groundwater’)”> (A) Over-pumping of groundwater</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q19″ value=”Volcanic eruptions” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q19’, ‘Over-pumping of groundwater’)”> (B) Volcanic eruptions</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q19″ value=”River floods” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q19’, ‘Over-pumping of groundwater’)”> (C) River floods</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q19″ value=”Tectonic uplift” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q19’, ‘Over-pumping of groundwater’)”> (D) Tectonic uplift</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>20. Which rock type often forms karst topography?</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q20″ value=”Sandstone” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q20’, ‘Limestone’)”> (A) Sandstone</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q20″ value=”Shale” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q20’, ‘Limestone’)”> (B) Shale</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q20″ value=”Limestone” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q20’, ‘Limestone’)”> (C) Limestone</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q20″ value=”Granite” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q20’, ‘Limestone’)”> (D) Granite</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>21. Which gas is a major contributor to ozone layer depletion?</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q21″ value=”Methane” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q21’, ‘Chlorofluorocarbons’)”> (A) Methane</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q21″ value=”Chlorofluorocarbons” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q21’, ‘Chlorofluorocarbons’)”> (B) Chlorofluorocarbons</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q21″ value=”Nitrous oxide” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q21’, ‘Chlorofluorocarbons’)”> (C) Nitrous oxide</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q21″ value=”Carbon dioxide” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q21’, ‘Chlorofluorocarbons’)”> (D) Carbon dioxide</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>22. Which of the following is a primary energy source?</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q22″ value=”Coal” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q22’, ‘Coal’)”> (A) Coal</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q22″ value=”Electricity” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q22’, ‘Coal’)”> (B) Electricity</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q22″ value=”Nuclear power” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q22’, ‘Coal’)”> (C) Nuclear power</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q22″ value=”Solar panels” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q22’, ‘Coal’)”> (D) Solar panels</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>23. The intensity of earthquake shaking at a location is measured by:</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q23″ value=”Richter scale” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q23’, ‘Modified Mercalli scale’)”> (A) Richter scale</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q23″ value=”Modified Mercalli scale” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q23’, ‘Modified Mercalli scale’)”> (B) Modified Mercalli scale</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q23″ value=”Mohs scale” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q23’, ‘Modified Mercalli scale’)”> (C) Mohs scale</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q23″ value=”Seismic index” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q23’, ‘Modified Mercalli scale’)”> (D) Seismic index</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>24. Which mineral resource is most associated with acid mine drainage?</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q24″ value=”Gold” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q24’, ‘Sulfide ores’)”> (A) Gold</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q24″ value=”Iron” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q24’, ‘Sulfide ores’)”> (B) Iron</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q24″ value=”Coal” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q24’, ‘Sulfide ores’)”> (C) Coal</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q24″ value=”Sulfide ores” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q24’, ‘Sulfide ores’)”> (D) Sulfide ores</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>25. Which is the best method to manage solid waste sustainably?</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q25″ value=”Open dumping” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q25’, ‘Recycling and reuse’)”> (A) Open dumping</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q25″ value=”Incineration” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q25’, ‘Recycling and reuse’)”> (B) Incineration</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q25″ value=”Landfilling” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q25’, ‘Recycling and reuse’)”> (C) Landfilling</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q25″ value=”Recycling and reuse” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q25’, ‘Recycling and reuse’)”> (D) Recycling and reuse</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>26. Which of the following is an example of renewable energy?</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q26″ value=”Coal” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q26’, ‘Solar energy’)”> (A) Coal</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q26″ value=”Natural gas” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q26’, ‘Solar energy’)”> (B) Natural gas</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q26″ value=”Solar energy” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q26’, ‘Solar energy’)”> (C) Solar energy</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q26″ value=”Petroleum” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q26’, ‘Solar energy’)”> (D) Petroleum</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>27. Floodplains are formed by:</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q27″ value=”Glacial melting” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q27’, ‘River deposition’)”> (A) Glacial melting</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q27″ value=”River deposition” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q27’, ‘River deposition’)”> (B) River deposition</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q27″ value=”Earthquakes” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q27’, ‘River deposition’)”> (C) Earthquakes</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q27″ value=”Wind erosion” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q27’, ‘River deposition’)”> (D) Wind erosion</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>28. Which of the following is a secondary pollutant?</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q28″ value=”Carbon monoxide” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q28’, ‘Ozone at ground level’)”> (A) Carbon monoxide</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q28″ value=”Ozone at ground level” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q28’, ‘Ozone at ground level’)”> (B) Ozone at ground level</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q28″ value=”Methane” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q28’, ‘Ozone at ground level’)”> (C) Methane</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q28″ value=”Sulfur dioxide” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q28’, ‘Ozone at ground level’)”> (D) Sulfur dioxide</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>29. Which type of volcano is the most explosive?</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q29″ value=”Shield volcano” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q29’, ‘Composite volcano’)”> (A) Shield volcano</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q29″ value=”Composite volcano” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q29’, ‘Composite volcano’)”> (B) Composite volcano</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q29″ value=”Dome volcano” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q29’, ‘Composite volcano’)”> (C) Dome volcano</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q29″ value=”Cinder cone” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q29’, ‘Composite volcano’)”> (D) Cinder cone</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>30. A landslide occurring under water is known as:</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q30″ value=”Avalanche” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q30’, ‘Submarine slide’)”> (A) Avalanche</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q30″ value=”Rock fall” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q30’, ‘Submarine slide’)”> (B) Rock fall</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q30″ value=”Submarine slide” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q30’, ‘Submarine slide’)”> (C) Submarine slide</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q30″ value=”Slump” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q30’, ‘Submarine slide’)”> (D) Slump</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>31. The slow downslope movement of soil and rock is called:</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q31″ value=”Creep” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q31’, ‘Creep’)”> (A) Creep</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q31″ value=”Fall” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q31’, ‘Creep’)”> (B) Fall</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q31″ value=”Flow” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q31’, ‘Creep’)”> (C) Flow</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q31″ value=”Slide” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q31’, ‘Creep’)”> (D) Slide</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>32. The main cause of groundwater contamination is:</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q32″ value=”Recycling” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q32’, ‘Industrial waste’)”> (A) Recycling</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q32″ value=”Industrial waste” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q32’, ‘Industrial waste’)”> (B) Industrial waste</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q32″ value=”Natural vegetation” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q32’, ‘Industrial waste’)”> (C) Natural vegetation</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q32″ value=”Mountain uplift” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q32’, ‘Industrial waste’)”> (D) Mountain uplift</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>33. Which energy source is considered cleanest among fossil fuels?</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q33″ value=”Oil” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q33’, ‘Natural gas’)”> (A) Oil</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q33″ value=”Coal” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q33’, ‘Natural gas’)”> (B) Coal</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q33″ value=”Natural gas” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q33’, ‘Natural gas’)”> (C) Natural gas</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q33″ value=”Peat” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q33’, ‘Natural gas’)”> (D) Peat</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>34. Which soil horizon is rich in organic material?</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q34″ value=”O-horizon” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q34’, ‘O-horizon’)”> (A) O-horizon</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q34″ value=”B-horizon” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q34’, ‘O-horizon’)”> (B) B-horizon</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q34″ value=”C-horizon” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q34’, ‘O-horizon’)”> (C) C-horizon</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q34″ value=”R-horizon” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q34’, ‘O-horizon’)”> (D) R-horizon</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>35. The Earth’s atmosphere is mainly composed of:</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q35″ value=”Oxygen and carbon dioxide” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q35’, ‘Nitrogen and oxygen’)”> (A) Oxygen and carbon dioxide</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q35″ value=”Nitrogen and oxygen” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q35’, ‘Nitrogen and oxygen’)”> (B) Nitrogen and oxygen</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q35″ value=”Argon and oxygen” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q35’, ‘Nitrogen and oxygen’)”> (C) Argon and oxygen</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q35″ value=”Nitrogen and carbon dioxide” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q35’, ‘Nitrogen and oxygen’)”> (D) Nitrogen and carbon dioxide</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>36. Which of the following is NOT a fossil fuel?</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q36″ value=”Coal” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q36’, ‘Uranium’)”> (A) Coal</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q36″ value=”Oil” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q36’, ‘Uranium’)”> (B) Oil</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q36″ value=”Natural gas” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q36’, ‘Uranium’)”> (C) Natural gas</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q36″ value=”Uranium” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q36’, ‘Uranium’)”> (D) Uranium</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>37. The natural process that purifies groundwater is:</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q37″ value=”Condensation” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q37’, ‘Filtration through soil and rock’)”> (A) Condensation</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q37″ value=”Filtration through soil and rock” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q37’, ‘Filtration through soil and rock’)”> (B) Filtration through soil and rock</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q37″ value=”Evaporation” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q37’, ‘Filtration through soil and rock’)”> (C) Evaporation</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q37″ value=”Volcanic activity” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q37’, ‘Filtration through soil and rock’)”> (D) Volcanic activity</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>38. The greenhouse effect is caused by trapping of:</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q38″ value=”Solar radiation” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q38’, ‘Infrared radiation’)”> (A) Solar radiation</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q38″ value=”Infrared radiation” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q38’, ‘Infrared radiation’)”> (B) Infrared radiation</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q38″ value=”Ultraviolet rays” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q38’, ‘Infrared radiation’)”> (C) Ultraviolet rays</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q38″ value=”X-rays” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q38’, ‘Infrared radiation’)”> (D) X-rays</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>39. Which is the most abundant renewable energy resource?</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q39″ value=”Solar energy” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q39’, ‘Solar energy’)”> (A) Solar energy</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q39″ value=”Wind energy” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q39’, ‘Solar energy’)”> (B) Wind energy</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q39″ value=”Hydropower” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q39’, ‘Solar energy’)”> (C) Hydropower</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q39″ value=”Biomass” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q39’, ‘Solar energy’)”> (D) Biomass</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>40. Which natural hazard is measured by the Saffir-Simpson scale?</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q40″ value=”Earthquake” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q40’, ‘Hurricane’)”> (A) Earthquake</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q40″ value=”Tsunami” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q40’, ‘Hurricane’)”> (B) Tsunami</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q40″ value=”Hurricane” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q40’, ‘Hurricane’)”> (C) Hurricane</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q40″ value=”Landslide” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q40’, ‘Hurricane’)”> (D) Landslide</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>41. The main cause of smog formation is:</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q41″ value=”Volcanic gases” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q41’, ‘Vehicle emissions’)”> (A) Volcanic gases</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q41″ value=”Vehicle emissions” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q41’, ‘Vehicle emissions’)”> (B) Vehicle emissions</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q41″ value=”Deforestation” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q41’, ‘Vehicle emissions’)”> (C) Deforestation</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q41″ value=”Industrial noise” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q41’, ‘Vehicle emissions’)”> (D) Industrial noise</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>42. Which type of soil erosion is caused by running water in narrow channels?</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q42″ value=”Gully erosion” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q42’, ‘Gully erosion’)”> (A) Gully erosion</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q42″ value=”Sheet erosion” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q42’, ‘Gully erosion’)”> (B) Sheet erosion</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q42″ value=”Wind erosion” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q42’, ‘Gully erosion’)”> (C) Wind erosion</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q42″ value=”Splash erosion” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q42’, ‘Gully erosion’)”> (D) Splash erosion</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>43. Which of the following is considered a geologic sink for CO₂?</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q43″ value=”Limestone formations” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q43’, ‘Oceans’)”> (A) Limestone formations</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q43″ value=”Atmosphere” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q43’, ‘Oceans’)”> (B) Atmosphere</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q43″ value=”Oceans” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q43’, ‘Oceans’)”> (C) Oceans</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q43″ value=”Forests” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q43’, ‘Oceans’)”> (D) Forests</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>44. Which natural hazard can be predicted most accurately?</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q44″ value=”Landslide” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q44’, ‘Flood’)”> (A) Landslide</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q44″ value=”Flood” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q44’, ‘Flood’)”> (B) Flood</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q44″ value=”Earthquake” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q44’, ‘Flood’)”> (C) Earthquake</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q44″ value=”Volcanic eruption” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q44’, ‘Flood’)”> (D) Volcanic eruption</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>45. The area where groundwater discharges naturally to the surface is called:</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q45″ value=”Aquiclude” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q45’, ‘Spring’)”> (A) Aquiclude</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q45″ value=”Spring” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q45’, ‘Spring’)”> (B) Spring</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q45″ value=”Water table” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q45’, ‘Spring’)”> (C) Water table</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q45″ value=”Artesian well” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q45’, ‘Spring’)”> (D) Artesian well</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>46. Which of the following is a major environmental impact of mining?</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q46″ value=”Urbanization” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q46’, ‘Deforestation and land degradation’)”> (A) Urbanization</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q46″ value=”Deforestation and land degradation” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q46’, ‘Deforestation and land degradation’)”> (B) Deforestation and land degradation</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q46″ value=”Soil fertility” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q46’, ‘Deforestation and land degradation’)”> (C) Soil fertility</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q46″ value=”Groundwater recharge” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q46’, ‘Deforestation and land degradation’)”> (D) Groundwater recharge</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>47. Which metal is most commonly recycled worldwide?</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q47″ value=”Copper” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q47’, ‘Iron/Steel’)”> (A) Copper</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q47″ value=”Aluminum” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q47’, ‘Iron/Steel’)”> (B) Aluminum</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q47″ value=”Iron/Steel” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q47’, ‘Iron/Steel’)”> (C) Iron/Steel</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q47″ value=”Zinc” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q47’, ‘Iron/Steel’)”> (D) Zinc</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>48. Which type of earthquake wave travels fastest?</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q48″ value=”S-waves” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q48’, ‘P-waves’)”> (A) S-waves</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q48″ value=”P-waves” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q48’, ‘P-waves’)”> (B) P-waves</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q48″ value=”Surface waves” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q48’, ‘P-waves’)”> (C) Surface waves</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q48″ value=”Love waves” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q48’, ‘P-waves’)”> (D) Love waves</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>49. Which natural hazard often follows heavy rainfall on steep slopes?</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q49″ value=”Tsunami” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q49’, ‘Landslide’)”> (A) Tsunami</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q49″ value=”Landslide” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q49’, ‘Landslide’)”> (B) Landslide</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q49″ value=”Earthquake” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q49’, ‘Landslide’)”> (C) Earthquake</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q49″ value=”Drought” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q49’, ‘Landslide’)”> (D) Drought</label><br> </div><br> <div class=”question-container”> <strong class=”question-text”>50. Which of the following is the most effective way to reduce air pollution?</strong><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q50″ value=”Burning more fossil fuels” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q50’, ‘Use of clean energy sources’)”> (A) Burning more fossil fuels</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q50″ value=”Expanding industrial areas” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q50’, ‘Use of clean energy sources’)”> (B) Expanding industrial areas</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q50″ value=”Use of clean energy sources” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q50’, ‘Use of clean energy sources’)”> (C) Use of clean energy sources</label><br> <label><input type=”radio” name=”q50″ value=”Urban sprawl” onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q50’, ‘Use of clean energy sources’)”> (D) Urban sprawl</label><br> </div><br> </form> </div>