Decision-Making Theories MCQs - International Relations IR

1. Which theory posits that international decisions are made based on the rational calculation of costs and benefits? a) Realism b) Liberalism c) Rational Choice Theory d) Constructivism Answer: c) Rational Choice Theory 2. According to which theory do states act based on their perceptions and interpretations of the international environment? a) Liberalism b) Constructivism c) Neorealism d) Marxism Answer: b) Constructivism 3. What is the term for a decision-making process that involves multiple actors and institutions, leading to a compromise solution? a) Rational Decision-Making b) Incrementalism c) Bureaucratic Politics Model d) Garbage Can Model Answer: c) Bureaucratic Politics Model 4. Which theory suggests that decision-makers often rely on heuristics or mental shortcuts rather than thorough analysis? a) Rational Choice Theory b) Cognitive Psychology c) Prospect Theory d) Game Theory Answer: b) Cognitive Psychology 5. In which decision-making model do leaders rely on intuition and experiences rather than systematic analysis? a) Rational Decision-Making b) Bounded Rationality c) Incrementalism d) Political Psychology Answer: b) Bounded Rationality 6. Which theory argues that decisions are influenced by the interplay of domestic political forces and interest groups? a) Neorealism b) Domestic Politics Model c) Liberal Institutionalism d) Offensive Realism Answer: b) Domestic Politics Model 7. What is the term for a situation where decision-makers select the first satisfactory option rather than the optimal one? a) Rational Choice b) Incrementalism c) Satisficing d) Maximization Answer: c) Satisficing 8. Which decision-making model emphasizes the role of psychological factors, such as emotions and cognitive biases, in shaping foreign policy? a) Rational Choice Theory b) Behavioral Decision Theory c) Bureaucratic Politics Model d) Institutionalism Answer: b) Behavioral Decision Theory 9. What is the term for the situation where decision-makers are influenced by their previous experiences and decisions? a) Decision Fatigue b) Cognitive Dissonance c) Path Dependency d) Framing Answer: c) Path Dependency 10. Which model suggests that decision-making is a result of bargaining and negotiation among various stakeholders within a government? a) Rational Choice Theory b) Bureaucratic Politics Model c) Incrementalism d) Garbage Can Model Answer: b) Bureaucratic Politics Model 11. According to which model do leaders make decisions by considering incremental changes rather than comprehensive reforms? a) Rational Choice Theory b) Incrementalism c) Game Theory d) Systemic Theory Answer: b) Incrementalism 12. What is the term for the model where decisions are made through a process of trial and error, adapting to changing circumstances? a) Rational Decision-Making b) Garbage Can Model c) Incrementalism d) Bounded Rationality Answer: b) Garbage Can Model 13. Which theory suggests that decision-makers are influenced by their beliefs about international norms and values? a) Constructivism b) Neorealism c) Liberalism d) Marxism Answer: a) Constructivism 14. Which decision-making approach emphasizes the limitations of human cognition and the influence of heuristics? a) Rational Choice Theory b) Bounded Rationality c) Cognitive Psychology d) Political Psychology Answer: b) Bounded Rationality 15. What is the term for a situation where decision-makers ignore or undervalue information that contradicts their preexisting beliefs? a) Confirmation Bias b) Anchoring c) Overconfidence d) Sunk Cost Fallacy Answer: a) Confirmation Bias 16. Which model emphasizes the importance of strategic interactions and the anticipation of others’ responses in decision-making? a) Rational Choice Theory b) Game Theory c) Bureaucratic Politics Model d) Incrementalism Answer: b) Game Theory 17. Which theory suggests that decision-making is influenced by the institutional constraints and rules of the government? a) Institutionalism b) Liberalism c) Constructivism d) Realism Answer: a) Institutionalism 18. Which decision-making model views policy outcomes as the result of an ongoing process of negotiation among various groups? a) Rational Choice Theory b) Garbage Can Model c) Incrementalism d) Bureaucratic Politics Model Answer: d) Bureaucratic Politics Model 19. Which model posits that decisions are often made based on the decision-makers’ preferences and biases rather than objective criteria? a) Rational Decision-Making b) Political Psychology c) Satisficing d) Incrementalism Answer: b) Political Psychology 20. Which decision-making theory is associated with the concept of “bounded rationality,” where decision-makers operate under constraints? a) Rational Choice Theory b) Game Theory c) Bounded Rationality d) Incrementalism Answer: c) Bounded Rationality 21. What is the term for a decision-making process where choices are influenced by the way information is presented? a) Framing b) Anchoring c) Heuristics d) Bias Answer: a) Framing 22. Which theory argues that decisions are made based on the ability to predict future states of the world? a) Rational Choice Theory b) Game Theory c) Constructivism d) Behavioral Decision Theory Answer: b) Game Theory 23. Which decision-making model highlights the role of uncertainty and ambiguity in shaping policy choices? a) Garbage Can Model b) Rational Choice Theory c) Incrementalism d) Bureaucratic Politics Model Answer: a) Garbage Can Model 24. Which theory of decision-making is concerned with how leaders use historical analogies to guide their choices? a) Rational Choice Theory b) Historical Institutionalism c) Political Psychology d) Incrementalism Answer: b) Historical Institutionalism 25. Which concept refers to the tendency of decision-makers to escalate commitment to a failing course of action due to past investments? a) Sunk Cost Fallacy b) Overconfidence c) Anchoring d) Framing Answer: a) Sunk Cost Fallacy 26. Which decision-making model emphasizes the impact of organizational routines and standard operating procedures on policy outcomes? a) Incrementalism b) Bureaucratic Politics Model c) Rational Choice Theory d) Garbage Can Model Answer: b) Bureaucratic Politics Model 27. Which theory suggests that decision-making processes are shaped by the interaction of various interest groups and political actors? a) Pluralism b) Rational Choice Theory c) Constructivism d) Neorealism Answer: a) Pluralism 28. Which decision-making model argues that leaders often follow a path of least resistance, making small, incremental changes rather than large reforms? a) Rational Choice Theory b) Incrementalism c) Game Theory d) Political Psychology Answer: b) Incrementalism 29. Which theory posits that decision-makers often act based on their perception of risks rather than objective probabilities? a) Prospect Theory b) Rational Choice Theory c) Bounded Rationality d) Cognitive Psychology Answer: a) Prospect Theory 30. What is the term for the phenomenon where decision-makers become increasingly committed to a course of action despite evidence of its failure? a) Escalation of Commitment b) Confirmation Bias c) Sunk Cost Fallacy d) Anchoring Answer: a) Escalation of Commitment 31. Which decision-making model views policy decisions as outcomes of competing bureaucratic interests and power struggles? a) Rational Choice Theory b) Bureaucratic Politics Model c) Incrementalism d) Game Theory Answer: b) Bureaucratic Politics Model 32. What is the term for decision-making that focuses on the short-term benefits rather than long-term consequences? a) Short-Termism b) Long-Term Planning c) Strategic Thinking d) Tactical Decision-Making Answer: a) Short-Termism 33. Which theory suggests that decision-makers are influenced by their cultural and ideological backgrounds? a) Constructivism b) Neorealism c) Liberalism d) Marxism Answer: a) Constructivism 34. Which decision-making model is characterized by a lack of clear goals and the presence of conflicting interests, leading to fragmented and ad hoc decisions? a) Garbage Can Model b) Rational Choice Theory c) Incrementalism d) Bounded Rationality Answer: a) Garbage Can Model 35. Which theory argues that decision-making is shaped by the institutional environment and the rules and norms of organizations? a) Institutionalism b) Rational Choice Theory c) Political Psychology d) Bureaucratic Politics Model Answer: a) Institutionalism 36. What is the term for a decision-making process that takes into account the potential actions and reactions of other actors in the environment? a) Strategic Interaction b) Heuristic Processing c) Incrementalism d) Cognitive Dissonance Answer: a) Strategic Interaction 37. Which decision-making theory suggests that leaders’ perceptions of international threats are shaped by their domestic political environment? a) Domestic Politics Model b) Neorealism c) Constructivism d) Political Psychology Answer: a) Domestic Politics Model 38. Which model suggests that decision-making is a product of multiple, sometimes contradictory, preferences and goals within an organization? a) Bureaucratic Politics Model b) Incrementalism c) Rational Choice Theory d) Game Theory Answer: a) Bureaucratic Politics Model 39. Which decision-making approach suggests that leaders are constrained by limited information and cognitive biases? a) Rational Choice Theory b) Bounded Rationality c) Cognitive Psychology d) Political Psychology Answer: b) Bounded Rationality 40. Which model posits that decisions are influenced by the competing demands and interests of different governmental agencies? a) Bureaucratic Politics Model b) Rational Choice Theory c) Incrementalism d) Garbage Can Model Answer: a) Bureaucratic Politics Model

Decision-Making Theories MCQs – International Relations IR

More MCQS on International Relations

Leave a Comment Cancel reply