Rural Sociology and Development MCQs

1. Which of the following is a core concept of rural sociology?
(A) Urbanization
(B) Social change in rural settings
(C) Industrialization
(D) Globalization

2. In rural development, the “participatory approach” refers to:
(A) Government-led development projects without local input
(B) Ensuring the community’s involvement in the decision-making process
(C) Only focusing on economic growth
(D) Prioritizing top-down development initiatives

3. Which of the following is a key characteristic of the “dependency theory” in the context of rural development?
(A) Rural societies should rely on external aid for growth
(B) Developing nations should adopt western industrial practices
(C) Underdeveloped nations are exploited by developed nations, hindering their development
(D) Technological advancement will automatically solve rural poverty issues

4. The term “agrarian reform” in rural development refers to:
(A) Changes in agricultural practices without altering land ownership
(B) Redistribution of land and resources to promote equitable access
(C) Introduction of modern farming techniques in rural areas
(D) Expansion of agricultural markets for global trade

5. Which of the following is a common limitation of the Green Revolution in rural development?
(A) High dependency on chemical fertilizers and pesticides
(B) Increased food security for all rural populations
(C) Decrease in agricultural productivity
(D) Improved access to education for rural farmers

6. Which of the following is an example of a “bottom-up” approach in rural development?
(A) Government-imposed agricultural policies without community consultation
(B) Community-based organizations taking the lead in development projects
(C) Multinational corporations directing rural development strategies
(D) Centralized planning by national governments

7. Which of the following is an essential factor in assessing rural development programs?
(A) The number of rural areas involved
(B) The level of foreign investment in rural areas
(C) The social and economic impact on rural populations
(D) The infrastructure development in urban areas

8. In rural sociology, “social stratification” refers to:
(A) The relationship between urban and rural areas
(B) The hierarchical arrangement of individuals in society based on wealth, power, and status
(C) The educational disparities between urban and rural populations
(D) The communal land-sharing systems in rural societies

9. The concept of “sustainable rural development” includes which of the following elements?
(A) Focus on short-term economic gains
(B) Equal emphasis on environmental, social, and economic factors
(C) Expansion of non-agricultural industries in rural areas
(D) Prioritizing urban migration over rural development

10. What is the main goal of rural sociology in studying the relationship between agriculture and rural society?
(A) To increase agricultural production at all costs
(B) To understand how agricultural changes affect social structures and relationships
(C) To replace traditional farming practices with industrial agriculture
(D) To promote urban migration as a solution to rural poverty

11. Which of the following best describes the term “rural-urban continuum”?
(A) The clear division between rural and urban areas
(B) The gradual shift in characteristics from rural to urban areas
(C) The movement of people from rural to urban areas
(D) The creation of urban areas in rural locations

12. Which of the following is considered a “push factor” in rural-urban migration?
(A) Better job opportunities in urban areas
(B) Improved healthcare and education in cities
(C) Lack of economic opportunities and land in rural areas
(D) Access to modern technology and infrastructure in urban areas

13. Which of the following is a common feature of rural poverty?
(A) High rates of employment in the formal sector
(B) Limited access to basic services like healthcare and education
(C) High levels of technological advancement
(D) Equal distribution of resources across households

14. In rural development, which of the following is a key challenge when implementing infrastructure projects?
(A) Excessive government funding
(B) Lack of political will
(C) Over-emphasis on environmental concerns
(D) Rural people’s resistance to new technologies

15. Which of the following is a common method of assessing the effectiveness of rural development programs?
(A) Profitability analysis
(B) Measuring the number of urban migrants
(C) Participatory evaluation and community feedback
(D) Evaluating the number of agricultural exports