Normative Ethics — MCQs

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1. Normative ethics is primarily concerned with:





2. Which of the following is not a branch of normative ethics?





3. The theory that the morality of an action depends on its consequences is called:





4. Utilitarianism is a type of:





5. Who is most closely associated with utilitarianism?





6. Which philosopher refined utilitarianism with the idea of higher and lower pleasures?





7. The principle of “the greatest happiness for the greatest number” is central to:





8. Deontological ethics focuses on:





9. Which philosopher is most associated with deontology?





10. Kant’s categorical imperative requires:





11. “Treat humanity always as an end, never merely as a means” is from:





12. Virtue ethics emphasizes:





13. The founder of virtue ethics is:





14. Aristotle’s ethical system is based on the concept of:





15. The “doctrine of the mean” is associated with:





16. Rule utilitarianism differs from act utilitarianism by focusing on:





17. Which ethical theory argues that motives matter most?





18. Which normative theory is sometimes described as “agent-centered”?





19. Hedonism, in ethics, is the belief that:





20. The ethical theory that focuses on fairness and justice is associated with:





21. Rawls’ “veil of ignorance” is a thought experiment in:





22. The “state of nature” and social contract theory are associated with:





23. Hobbes believed that morality arises from:





24. Natural law theory is often linked to:





25. According to natural law theory, moral principles are:





26. Which ethical theory is criticized for being too rigid?





27. Which ethical theory is criticized for justifying immoral acts if they maximize happiness?





28. The concept of “rights” is most closely tied to:





29. The theory that morality should focus on developing virtues over time is:





30. An example of a virtue in Aristotle’s theory is:





31. The criticism that virtue ethics lacks clear guidance concerns its:





32. Which ethical theory emphasizes impartiality and equal consideration of interests?





33. Kantian ethics is often described as:





34. The difference principle is part of which theory?





35. Which theory asks, “What kind of person should I be?” rather than “What should I do?”





36. Kant distinguishes between:





37. In utilitarianism, the principle of utility measures:





38. The criticism that utilitarianism may sacrifice minority rights relates to:





39. Which ethical theory evaluates actions based on universal moral duties?





40. Aristotle believed virtues are developed through:





41. The focus of normative ethics is different from applied ethics because:





42. The categorical imperative is an example of:





43. Which ethical theory emphasizes balance and moderation?





44. Act utilitarianism judges each act individually by:





45. Rule utilitarianism evaluates actions by:





46. Which normative theory is most closely tied to Christianity and natural reason?





47. Which philosopher emphasized that moral rules must apply universally?





48. The idea that justice requires equal basic liberties is central to:





49. The criticism of deontology is that it can:





50. Normative ethics is best defined as the study of:





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