Microprocessors and Microcontrollers MCQs

1. Which of the following is not a characteristic of microprocessors? A) Single chip integration B) Execution of sequential instructions C) Analog signal processing D) High speed operation Answer: C 2. The ALU of a microprocessor is responsible for: A) Memory access B) Data input/output C) Arithmetic and logical operations D) Instruction decoding Answer: C 3. The register which stores the address of the next instruction to be executed is: A) Program Counter (PC) B) Accumulator (ACC) C) Stack Pointer (SP) D) Status Register (SR) Answer: A 4. Which of the following registers is used to store intermediate results of arithmetic operations in a microprocessor? A) Program Counter (PC) B) Accumulator (ACC) C) Index Register (IX) D) Memory Address Register (MAR) Answer: B 5. Which addressing mode is commonly used for accessing array elements in microprocessors? A) Immediate addressing B) Direct addressing C) Indirect addressing D) Indexed addressing Answer: D 6. In microprocessor terminology, what does the acronym “ALU” stand for? A) Arithmetic and Logic Unit B) Address and Logic Unit C) Accumulator and Logic Unit D) Array and Logic Unit Answer: A 7. Which flag in the status register of a microprocessor indicates that the result of an arithmetic operation was zero? A) Zero flag (ZF) B) Carry flag (CF) C) Sign flag (SF) D) Overflow flag (OF) Answer: A 8. The process of transferring data between the microprocessor and external devices is known as: A) Polling B) Interrupt C) I/O interfacing D) Handshaking Answer: C 9. Which instruction is used to make the microprocessor execute the next instruction from a different memory location? A) JMP B) CALL C) RET D) NOP Answer: A 10. The minimum number of clock cycles required to complete a machine cycle in a microprocessor is determined by the: A) Clock frequency B) Instruction set C) Memory size D) Instruction cycle time Answer: A 11. Which microprocessor architecture is used in Intel 8085? A) CISC B) RISC C) SIMD D) MIMD Answer: A 12. Which memory unit of a microprocessor holds the instructions and data that the CPU is currently working with? A) RAM B) ROM C) Cache memory D) Register file Answer: A 13. The process of converting an assembly language program into machine code is performed by: A) Assembler B) Compiler C) Interpreter D) Linker Answer: A 14. Which addressing mode is used to access memory locations that are calculated using a base address and an offset? A) Absolute addressing B) Indirect addressing C) Indexed addressing D) Relative addressing Answer: C 15. Which bus is used for transferring data between the microprocessor and memory in a typical microcomputer system? A) Address bus B) Control bus C) Data bus D) System bus Answer: C 16. Which microcontroller architecture is commonly used in embedded systems due to its low power consumption? A) ARM B) PIC C) AVR D) MIPS Answer: B 17. The process of dividing a computer program into smaller subprograms is known as: A) Decomposition B) Compilation C) Debugging D) Modularization Answer: D 18. The process of checking whether a condition is true or false and executing different sequences of instructions accordingly is known as: A) Looping B) Branching C) Interrupt handling D) Subroutine call Answer: B 19. Which instruction is used to store the contents of the accumulator into a specific memory location? A) STA B) LDA C) STC D) LDC Answer: A 20. Which flag in the status register of a microprocessor indicates that an overflow has occurred in a signed arithmetic operation? A) Overflow flag (OF) B) Carry flag (CF) C) Zero flag (ZF) D) Sign flag (SF) Answer: A 21. In microprocessor terminology, the process of transferring a program from external memory to internal memory for execution is known as: A) Loading B) Linking C) Storing D) Mapping Answer: A 22. Which of the following statements about RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) architecture is true? A) It has a large set of complex instructions B) It emphasizes simplicity and efficiency C) It is typically used in high-end desktop computers D) It has a large number of addressing modes Answer: B 23. Which type of memory is typically used to store the program instructions in a microcontroller? A) EEPROM B) SRAM C) Flash memory D) DRAM Answer: C 24. The number of bits processed by a microprocessor in a single instruction cycle is known as: A) Word length B) Clock speed C) Bus width D) Data size Answer: A 25. Which register in a microprocessor is used to store the operand of an arithmetic or logical operation? A) Accumulator (ACC) B) Program Counter (PC) C) Memory Address Register (MAR) D) Status Register (SR) Answer: A 26. Which of the following instructions is used to transfer control from a subroutine back to the main program in a microprocessor? A) JMP B) CALL C) RET D) NOP Answer: C 27. The process of restarting a microprocessor from its initial state is known as: A) Rebooting B) Halting C) Resetting D) Powering down Answer: C 28. Which of the following statements about interrupts in microprocessors is true? A) They are used only for input operations B) They are always initiated by the microprocessor C) They allow immediate response to external events D) They cannot be disabled Answer: C 29. Which of the following is not a typical use of microcontrollers? A) Microwave ovens B) Automobile engines C) Personal computers D) Washing machines Answer: C 30. The process of combining multiple logic gates into a single integrated circuit is known as: A) Multiplexing B) Demultiplexing C) Combinatorial logic D) Gate array Answer: D 31. Which of the following is an advantage of using microcontrollers over microprocessors in embedded systems? A) Higher processing speed B) Lower power consumption C) Larger memory capacity D) Complex instruction set Answer: B 32. Which of the following is a type of parallel communication interface commonly used with microcontrollers? A) USB B) SATA C) PCI D) SPI Answer: D 33. The process of converting analog signals into digital form using a microcontroller is known as: A) Analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) B) Digital-to-analog conversion (DAC) C) Signal modulation D) Pulse width modulation (PWM) Answer: A 34. Which of the following is typically used for non-volatile storage of small amounts of data in microcontrollers? A) EEPROM B) SRAM C) DRAM D) Flash memory Answer: A 35. Which of the following statements about pipelining in microprocessors is true? A) It increases the latency of instructions B) It decreases the throughput of instructions C) It allows multiple instructions to be executed simultaneously D) It is not used in modern microprocessor designs Answer: C 36. Which of the following instructions is used to copy data from the I/O port to the accumulator in a microprocessor? A) IN B) OUT C) MOV D) LDA Answer: A 37. The process of checking the correctness of a program’s syntax and structure is known as: A) Compilation B) Debugging C) Linking D) Parsing Answer: D 38. Which of the following memory types is typically used for storing critical system parameters in microcontrollers? A) SRAM B) EEPROM C) Flash memory D) DRAM Answer: B 39. Which of the following addressing modes is used to access the next instruction in a microprocessor? A) Immediate addressing B) Direct addressing C) Indirect addressing D) Relative addressing Answer: B 40. Which register in a microcontroller is used to store the address of the top of the stack? A) Program Counter (PC) B) Stack Pointer (SP) C) Status Register (SR) D) Accumulator (ACC) Answer: B 41. Which of the following is an advantage of using interrupts in microcontroller programming? A) They simplify program flow control B) They reduce the need for conditional statements C) They increase the complexity of programming D) They eliminate the need for subroutines Answer: A 42. Which bus in a microcontroller is responsible for carrying memory addresses during data read/write operations? A) Address bus B) Data bus C) Control bus D) System bus Answer: A 43. Which of the following instructions is used to branch to a specific memory location in a microprocessor? A) JMP B) CALL C) RET D) NOP Answer: A 44. Which of the following is a disadvantage of using microcontrollers compared to microprocessors? A) Limited I/O capabilities B) Higher cost C) Larger footprint D) Lower processing speed Answer: D 45. Which of the following statements about watchdog timers in microcontrollers is true? A) They prevent the microcontroller from executing certain instructions B) They require external power to operate C) They reset the microcontroller if a software malfunction occurs D) They are used only for debugging purposes Answer: C 46. The process of temporarily stopping the execution of a program and transferring control to another part of the program is known as: A) Polling B) Interrupt C) Branching D) Handshaking Answer: B 47. Which of the following is a feature of Harvard architecture used in some microcontrollers? A) It uses a single bus for both instructions and data B) It allows instructions and data to be fetched simultaneously C) It has a large number of addressing modes D) It uses a unified memory space Answer: B 48. Which of the following is typically used for high-speed communication between multiple microcontrollers or peripheral devices? A) I2C B) UART C) SPI D) USB Answer: C 49. The process of removing unnecessary instructions and data from a program to reduce its size is known as: A) Optimizing B) Debugging C) Compiling D) Linking Answer: A 50. Which of the following microcontrollers is commonly used in applications requiring real-time processing and control? A) AVR B) PIC C) ARM D) MIPS Answer: B

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