Ethnic Conflicts and Genocide MCQs

1. Which term refers to the systematic extermination of a particular ethnic, religious, or national group?
a) Ethnic Cleansing
b) Genocide
c) Ethnic Conflict
d) Mass Atrocity
Answer: b) Genocide

2. Which international tribunal was established to prosecute crimes committed during the Rwandan Genocide?
a) International Criminal Court (ICC)
b) International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)
c) International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY)
d) Nuremberg Tribunal
Answer: b) International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)

3. Which genocide occurred in the early 1990s in the Balkans, particularly in Bosnia and Herzegovina?
a) Armenian Genocide
b) Holocaust
c) Bosnian Genocide
d) Cambodian Genocide
Answer: c) Bosnian Genocide

4. Which ethnic group was targeted during the genocide in Cambodia from 1975 to 1979?
a) Hutu
b) Tutsi
c) Khmer
d) Yazidi
Answer: c) Khmer

5. Which conflict is known for the mass killings of Tutsi and moderate Hutus in Rwanda in 1994?
a) Darfur Conflict
b) Rwandan Genocide
c) Bosnian War
d) Cambodian Genocide
Answer: b) Rwandan Genocide

6. Which term describes the forced displacement of ethnic groups from a specific area?
a) Genocide
b) Ethnic Cleansing
c) Apartheid
d) Partition
Answer: b) Ethnic Cleansing

7. Which war crimes tribunal was responsible for prosecuting leaders involved in the Yugoslav Wars?
a) International Criminal Court (ICC)
b) International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)
c) International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY)
d) Special Court for Sierra Leone
Answer: c) International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY)

8. Which event is considered one of the first modern genocides, occurring in the early 20th century?
a) Holocaust
b) Armenian Genocide
c) Rwandan Genocide
d) Bosnian Genocide
Answer: b) Armenian Genocide

9. Which ethnic minority was targeted during the Holocaust perpetrated by Nazi Germany?
a) Armenians
b) Tutsi
c) Jews
d) Kurds
Answer: c) Jews

10. Which term refers to the widespread and systematic violence against an ethnic or religious group, but not necessarily leading to extermination?
a) Ethnic Cleansing
b) Genocide
c) War Crimes
d) Mass Atrocity
Answer: a) Ethnic Cleansing

11. Which Asian country experienced ethnic violence and genocide against the Rohingya Muslim minority in recent years?
a) Myanmar
b) Thailand
c) Malaysia
d) Indonesia
Answer: a) Myanmar

12. Which country was the site of the genocide committed by the Ottoman Empire against the Armenian population during World War I?
a) Turkey
b) Greece
c) Syria
d) Lebanon
Answer: a) Turkey

13. Which international organization established the Genocide Convention to prevent and punish genocide?
a) League of Nations
b) United Nations
c) European Union
d) Organization of African Unity
Answer: b) United Nations

14. Which ethnic group was targeted in the Darfur region of Sudan in the early 2000s?
a) Arabs
b) Darfurians
c) Rwandans
d) Kurds
Answer: b) Darfurians

15. Which international body conducts investigations and prosecutions of genocide and other serious international crimes?
a) United Nations Security Council
b) International Criminal Court (ICC)
c) International Red Cross
d) United Nations General Assembly
Answer: b) International Criminal Court (ICC)

16. Which genocidal event involved the Khmer Rouge regime under Pol Pot in Cambodia?
a) Cambodian Genocide
b) Rwandan Genocide
c) Bosnian Genocide
d) Holocaust
Answer: a) Cambodian Genocide

17. Which conflict is associated with the genocide against the Yazidi minority in Iraq by ISIS?
a) Syrian Civil War
b) Iraqi Insurgency
c) Kurdish Conflict
d) Yazidi Genocide
Answer: d) Yazidi Genocide

18. Which U.S. president was instrumental in the international recognition of the Armenian Genocide?
a) Theodore Roosevelt
b) Franklin D. Roosevelt
c) Ronald Reagan
d) Joe Biden
Answer: d) Joe Biden

19. Which international legal principle holds individuals criminally responsible for genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity?
a) Principle of Complementarity
b) Universal Jurisdiction
c) Sovereignty
d) Non-Intervention
Answer: b) Universal Jurisdiction

20. Which ethnic group was targeted during the ethnic cleansing and genocide in the Bosnian War of the 1990s?
a) Bosniaks
b) Croats
c) Serbs
d) Albanians
Answer: a) Bosniaks

21. Which international convention defines and condemns the crime of genocide?
a) Geneva Conventions
b) Hague Conventions
c) Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
d) Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
Answer: c) Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide

22. Which ethnic conflict involved the mass killing of Kurds by the Iraqi government under Saddam Hussein?
a) Kurdish Genocide
b) Syrian Civil War
c) Iran-Iraq War
d) Kurdish Conflict
Answer: a) Kurdish Genocide

23. Which conflict is associated with the mass killings of ethnic Chinese and other minorities in Indonesia in 1965-1966?
a) Indonesian Genocide
b) Rwandan Genocide
c) Bosnian Genocide
d) Cambodian Genocide
Answer: a) Indonesian Genocide

24. Which term describes the intentional destruction of cultural heritage and historical monuments as part of ethnic cleansing?
a) Cultural Genocide
b) Historical Revisionism
c) Ethnic Cleansing
d) War Crimes
Answer: a) Cultural Genocide

25. Which international body was responsible for investigating and prosecuting war crimes committed during World War II?
a) International Criminal Court
b) International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
c) Nuremberg Tribunal
d) International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
Answer: c) Nuremberg Tribunal

26. Which ethnic group in Sudan has been targeted in the ongoing conflict in Darfur?
a) Darfurians
b) Nubians
c) Beja
d) Zaghawa
Answer: d) Zaghawa

27. Which international organization provides aid and support to victims of ethnic conflicts and genocide?
a) World Health Organization
b) United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
c) International Monetary Fund
d) World Bank
Answer: b) United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

28. Which term refers to the forced displacement of a specific ethnic group from their homeland?
a) Genocide
b) Ethnic Cleansing
c) Cultural Genocide
d) Apartheid
Answer: b) Ethnic Cleansing

29. Which religious minority was targeted in the genocide perpetrated by ISIS in Iraq?
a) Yazidis
b) Christians
c) Shia Muslims
d) Kurds
Answer: a) Yazidis

30. Which term refers to the large-scale systematic killing of ethnic or religious groups with the intent to destroy them?
a) Ethnic Cleansing
b) Mass Atrocity
c) Genocide
d) War Crime
Answer: c) Genocide

31. Which international document is designed to prevent and punish the crime of genocide?
a) Universal Declaration of Human Rights
b) Geneva Conventions
c) Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
d) Rome Statute
Answer: c) Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide

32. Which country experienced a genocide against its Tutsi population by Hutu extremists in 1994?
a) Burundi
b) Rwanda
c) Uganda
d) Kenya
Answer: b) Rwanda

33. Which term refers to the state-sponsored persecution and mass murder of Jews during World War II?
a) Holocaust
b) Armenian Genocide
c) Rwandan Genocide
d) Bosnian Genocide
Answer: a) Holocaust

34. Which African country saw a genocidal conflict involving the Hutu and Tutsi ethnic groups in the 1990s?
a) Rwanda
b) Sudan
c) Somalia
d) Liberia
Answer: a) Rwanda

35. Which international body was responsible for the establishment of the International Criminal Court (ICC)?
a) United Nations
b) League of Nations
c) European Union
d) African Union
Answer: a) United Nations

36. Which international principle holds that some crimes are so severe that they fall under the jurisdiction of any country, regardless of where they were committed?
a) Principle of Complementarity
b) Universal Jurisdiction
c) Sovereignty
d) Non-Intervention
Answer: b) Universal Jurisdiction

37. Which term describes the destruction of cultural and religious sites as part of genocidal campaigns?
a) Ethnic Cleansing
b) Cultural Genocide
c) Cultural Revitalization
d) Historical Revisionism
Answer: b) Cultural Genocide

38. Which tribunal was established to prosecute war crimes committed in Sierra Leone?
a) International Criminal Court
b) Special Court for Sierra Leone
c) International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
d) International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
Answer: b) Special Court for Sierra Leone

39. Which ethnic group in Cambodia was targeted by the Khmer Rouge during their genocide?
a) Vietnamese
b) Khmer
c) Thai
d) Laotian
Answer: b) Khmer

40. Which international tribunal was established to prosecute crimes committed during the Bosnian War?
a) International Criminal Court
b) International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
c) International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
d) Special Court for Sierra Leone
Answer: c) International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia

41. Which international body is responsible for investigating and prosecuting crimes against humanity and genocide?
a) United Nations Security Council
b) International Criminal Court (ICC)
c) European Union
d) International Red Cross
Answer: b) International Criminal Court (ICC)

42. Which term refers to the mass killing of a specific ethnic or religious group with the intent to destroy them entirely?
a) Ethnic Cleansing
b) Mass Atrocity
c) Genocide
d) War Crime
Answer: c) Genocide

43. Which conflict involved the genocide of the Tutsi population in Rwanda?
a) Darfur Conflict
b) Rwandan Genocide
c) Bosnian War
d) Cambodian Genocide
Answer: b) Rwandan Genocide

44. Which international convention was adopted to prevent and punish the crime of genocide?
a) Geneva Conventions
b) Hague Conventions
c) Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
d) International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Answer: c) Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide

45. Which country experienced a genocide against the Armenians during World War I?
a) Turkey
b) Greece
c) Syria
d) Iran
Answer: a) Turkey

46. Which tribunal was responsible for prosecuting war crimes committed in the former Yugoslavia?
a) International Criminal Court
b) International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
c) International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
d) Special Court for Sierra Leone
Answer: c) International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia

47. Which term describes the forced removal of an ethnic group from a specific region?
a) Ethnic Cleansing
b) Genocide
c) War Crimes
d) Cultural Genocide
Answer: a) Ethnic Cleansing

48. Which ethnic group was targeted in the genocide during the Bosnian War?
a) Bosniaks
b) Croats
c) Serbs
d) Albanians
Answer: a) Bosniaks

49. Which African country has seen genocidal violence against its Darfuri population?
a) Sudan
b) South Sudan
c) Ethiopia
d) Uganda
Answer: a) Sudan

50. Which international convention focuses on preventing and punishing the crime of genocide?
a) Geneva Conventions
b) Hague Conventions
c) Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
d) Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Answer: c) Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide

51. Which international tribunal was set up to address the genocide committed in Rwanda?
a) International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
b) International Criminal Court
c) International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
d) Special Court for Sierra Leone
Answer: a) International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda

52. Which genocidal event is associated with the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia?
a) Rwandan Genocide
b) Bosnian Genocide
c) Cambodian Genocide
d) Armenian Genocide
Answer: c) Cambodian Genocide

53. Which conflict involved the mass killing of Yazidis in Iraq?
a) Syrian Civil War
b) Yazidi Genocide
c) Kurdish Conflict
d) Iraqi Insurgency
Answer: b) Yazidi Genocide

54. Which principle holds that genocide is a crime that any state may prosecute, regardless of where it occurs?
a) Sovereignty
b) Principle of Complementarity
c) Universal Jurisdiction
d) Non-Intervention
Answer: c) Universal Jurisdiction

55. Which international organization provides legal support and advocacy for victims of genocide?
a) Amnesty International
b) International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
c) United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
d) Human Rights Watch
Answer: c) United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights

56. Which African conflict is known for the mass killing of the Tutsi population in the 1990s?
a) Darfur Conflict
b) Rwandan Genocide
c) Eritrean-Ethiopian War
d) Somali Civil War
Answer: b) Rwandan Genocide

57. Which historical event is considered the first genocide of the 20th century, involving the systematic extermination of Armenians?
a) Armenian Genocide
b) Holocaust
c) Cambodian Genocide
d) Bosnian Genocide
Answer: a) Armenian Genocide

58. Which conflict involved the genocide of the Tutsi minority in Rwanda in 1994?
a) Bosnian War
b) Darfur Conflict
c) Rwandan Genocide
d) Cambodian Genocide
Answer: c) Rwandan Genocide

59. Which international document sets out the legal definition of genocide and mandates its prevention?
a) Rome Statute
b) Universal Declaration of Human Rights
c) Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
d) Geneva Conventions
Answer: c) Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide

60. Which international body was responsible for investigating and prosecuting war crimes in Sierra Leone?
a) International Criminal Court
b) Special Court for Sierra Leone
c) International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
d) International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
Answer: b) Special Court for Sierra Leone

61. Which term describes the targeted destruction of cultural and historical sites as part of a genocidal campaign?
a) Cultural Genocide
b) Ethnic Cleansing
c) Historical Revisionism
d) Cultural Revitalization
Answer: a) Cultural Genocide

62. Which international tribunal was established to address war crimes committed during the Bosnian War?
a) International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
b) International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
c) Special Court for Sierra Leone
d) International Criminal Court
Answer: b) International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia

63. Which Asian country has faced accusations of genocide against its Rohingya population?
a) Bangladesh
b) Myanmar
c) Thailand
d) Malaysia
Answer: b) Myanmar

64. Which ethnic minority was targeted in the genocide in Darfur, Sudan?
a) Fur
b) Arab
c) Beja
d) Nubian
Answer: a) Fur

65. Which term refers to the targeted destruction of a specific ethnic or religious group, with the intent to completely eradicate them?
a) Ethnic Cleansing
b) Genocide
c) War Crime
d) Cultural Genocide
Answer: b) Genocide

66. Which international organization was instrumental in establishing the International Criminal Court (ICC)?
a) League of Nations
b) United Nations
c) European Union
d) African Union
Answer: b) United Nations

67. Which African country experienced a genocide during the Khmer Rouge regime in the 1970s?
a) Rwanda
b) Sudan
c) Ethiopia
d) Cambodia
Answer: d) Cambodia

68. Which ethnic group was targeted during the Bosnian Genocide in the 1990s?
a) Bosniaks
b) Croats
c) Serbs
d) Albanians
Answer: a) Bosniaks

69. Which international body is responsible for investigating and prosecuting crimes against humanity and genocide?
a) United Nations Security Council
b) International Criminal Court (ICC)
c) European Union
d) International Red Cross
Answer: b) International Criminal Court (ICC)

70. Which term describes the mass killing of ethnic groups with the intent to eliminate them from existence?
a) Genocide
b) War Crime
c) Ethnic Cleansing
d) Cultural Genocide
Answer: a) Genocide

71. Which tribunal was established to address crimes committed during the Rwandan Genocide?
a) International Criminal Court
b) International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
c) International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
d) Special Court for Sierra Leone
Answer: b) International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda

73. Which international tribunal was responsible for prosecuting war crimes in Sierra Leone?
a) International Criminal Court
b) Special Court for Sierra Leone
c) International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
d) International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
Answer: b) Special Court for Sierra Leone

74. Which genocide involved the systematic killing of the Tutsi population by Hutu extremists in 1994?
a) Bosnian Genocide
b) Rwandan Genocide
c) Cambodian Genocide
d) Armenian Genocide
Answer: b) Rwandan Genocide

75. Which international principle allows for the prosecution of genocide regardless of where it occurs?
a) Universal Jurisdiction
b) Sovereignty
c) Principle of Complementarity
d) Non-Intervention
Answer: a) Universal Jurisdiction

76. Which term describes the large-scale killing of a particular ethnic or religious group with the intent to destroy them?
a) Ethnic Cleansing
b) Genocide
c) War Crime
d) Mass Atrocity
Answer: b) Genocide

77. Which country was the site of the genocide against the Yazidi population by ISIS in recent years?
a) Iraq
b) Syria
c) Turkey
d) Iran
Answer: a) Iraq

78. Which international convention defines and condemns the crime of genocide?
a) Universal Declaration of Human Rights
b) Geneva Conventions
c) Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
d) International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Answer: c) Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide

79. Which tribunal was established to address war crimes committed during the Bosnian War?
a) International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
b) International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
c) International Criminal Court
d) Special Court for Sierra Leone
Answer: b) International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia

80. Which term refers to the mass killing of ethnic or religious groups with the intent to completely eradicate them?
a) Genocide
b) Ethnic Cleansing
c) War Crime
d) Cultural Genocide
Answer: a) Genocide

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