1. A binary counter is used to:
A. Add two binary numbers
B. Store a sequence of bits
C. Count the number of clock pulses
D. Convert binary to decimal
Answer: C. Count the number of clock pulses
2. A 4-bit binary counter can count up to:
A. 4
B. 8
C. 16
D. 32
Answer: C. 16
3. Which of the following is a type of counter that increments on each clock pulse?
A. Down counter
B. Up counter
C. Decade counter
D. Johnson counter
Answer: B. Up counter
4. What is the main difference between a synchronous and an asynchronous counter?
A. Synchronous counters are faster than asynchronous counters
B. In asynchronous counters, the clock pulses are applied to all flip-flops simultaneously
C. In synchronous counters, flip-flops change state at different times
D. Asynchronous counters do not require a clock pulse
Answer: A. Synchronous counters are faster than asynchronous counters
5. A decade counter counts from 0 to:
A. 5
B. 7
C. 9
D. 15
Answer: C. 9
6. A 3-bit synchronous counter can have how many different states?
A. 4
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8
Answer: D. 8
7. In a 2-bit Johnson counter, how many states are possible?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 6
Answer: C. 4
8. What is the primary use of a ring counter?
A. Counting large numbers
B. Generating a repetitive sequence of states
C. Performing arithmetic operations
D. Detecting errors in binary data
Answer: B. Generating a repetitive sequence of states
9. A register is used in digital circuits to:
A. Store binary data
B. Perform logic operations
C. Generate clock pulses
D. Control the flow of data
Answer: A. Store binary data
10. A shift register is used to:
A. Perform addition or subtraction of binary numbers
B. Store data temporarily and shift it left or right
C. Control the input-output data flow
D. Convert analog signals to digital
Answer: B. Store data temporarily and shift it left or right
11. A 4-bit register can store a maximum of:
A. 4 bits of data
B. 16 bits of data
C. 8 bits of data
D. 4 bytes of data
Answer: A. 4 bits of data
12. What is the function of the clock input in a register?
A. To increment the stored data
B. To synchronize the changes in stored data
C. To reset the stored data
D. To control the direction of data shift
Answer: B. To synchronize the changes in stored data
13. A shift-left operation in a shift register will:
A. Move the bits of data to the left and insert a 1 at the rightmost bit
B. Move the bits of data to the left and insert a 0 at the rightmost bit
C. Move the bits of data to the right and insert a 1 at the leftmost bit
D. Move the bits of data to the right and insert a 0 at the leftmost bit
Answer: B. Move the bits of data to the left and insert a 0 at the rightmost bit
14. What is the function of a parallel-in, parallel-out (PIPO) register?
A. It shifts data in a serial manner
B. It allows data to be entered and read out in parallel
C. It stores data temporarily for clock pulses
D. It increments the data stored in the register
Answer: B. It allows data to be entered and read out in parallel
15. A ring counter is a type of register where the output is:
A. Shifted continuously
B. Defined by the number of bits in the register
C. A result of logic operations
D. Used for serial-to-parallel conversion
Answer: A. Shifted continuously
16. What is the primary difference between a shift register and a simple register?
A. A shift register can store multiple bits of data, while a simple register can only store one bit
B. A shift register allows for data movement (shifting), whereas a simple register stores data without shifting
C. A simple register has more clock inputs than a shift register
D. A shift register is faster than a simple register
Answer: B. A shift register allows for data movement (shifting), whereas a simple register stores data without shifting
17. Which of the following is a type of shift register?
A. Up-counter
B. Ring counter
C. Johnson counter
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
18. A serial-in, serial-out (SISO) shift register has:
A. A single input and a single output
B. Multiple parallel inputs and a single output
C. Multiple parallel inputs and parallel outputs
D. Single input and multiple outputs
Answer: A. A single input and a single output
19. Counters and registers are commonly used in which of the following systems?
A. Memory addressing
B. Data storage
C. Digital clocks and timers
D. Analog signal processing
Answer: C. Digital clocks and timers
20. A digital clock uses a combination of counters to:
A. Shift data
B. Count time in seconds, minutes, and hours
C. Perform arithmetic operations
D. Convert analog signals to digital
Answer: B. Count time in seconds, minutes, and hours
21. What is the advantage of a synchronous counter over an asynchronous counter?
A. It counts faster
B. It uses fewer flip-flops
C. All flip-flops are triggered simultaneously by the same clock signal
D. It is more reliable
Answer: C. All flip-flops are triggered simultaneously by the same clock signal