Biochemistry MCQs

21. Which of the following is a function of lipids in biological systems?
    • a) Enzyme catalysis
    • b) Energy storage
    • c) Nucleic acid synthesis
    • d) Structural support
    • Answer: b) Energy storage
22. What is the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?
    • a) It stores genetic information
    • b) It acts as a structural component of cells
    • c) It provides energy for cellular processes
    • d) It catalyzes biochemical reactions
    • Answer: c) It provides energy for cellular processes
23. Which of the following is an essential amino acid?
    • a) Glycine
    • b) Alanine
    • c) Valine
    • d) Proline
    • Answer: c) Valine
24. What is the function of hemoglobin in the body?
    • a) Transport oxygen in the blood
    • b) Aid in digestion of proteins
    • c) Regulate blood sugar levels
    • d) Provide structural support to cells
    • Answer: a) Transport oxygen in the blood
25. Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells?
    • a) Nucleus
    • b) Golgi apparatus
    • c) Ribosome
    • d) Endoplasmic reticulum
    • Answer: c) Ribosome
26. What is the function of chlorophyll in plant cells?
    • a) Synthesize carbohydrates
    • b) Transport water and minerals
    • c) Provide structural support
    • d) Capture sunlight for photosynthesis
    • Answer: d) Capture sunlight for photosynthesis
27. Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane?
    • a) Synthesize proteins
    • b) Regulate the passage of molecules into and out of the cell
    • c) Store genetic information
    • d) Produce ATP
    • Answer: b) Regulate the passage of molecules into and out of the cell
28. What is the primary function of RNA in cells?
    • a) Store genetic information
    • b) Catalyze biochemical reactions
    • c) Provide energy for cellular processes
    • d) Act as a messenger in protein synthesis
    • Answer: d) Act as a messenger in protein synthesis
29. Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide?
    • a) Glucose
    • b) Fructose
    • c) Sucrose
    • d) Starch
    • Answer: c) Sucrose
30. What is the function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?
    • a) Synthesize proteins
    • b) Store genetic information
    • c) Produce ATP through cellular respiration
    • d) Capture sunlight for photosynthesis
    • Answer: c) Produce ATP through cellular respiration
31. Which molecule is commonly referred to as the “energy currency” of the cell?
    • a) Glucose
    • b) ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)
    • c) DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
    • d) RNA (Ribonucleic acid)
    • Answer: b) ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)
32. What is the primary function of carbohydrates in cells?
    • a) Provide energy
    • b) Store genetic information
    • c) Act as enzymes
    • d) Transport oxygen
    • Answer: a) Provide energy
33. Which of the following is a function of proteins in biological systems?
    • a) Store genetic information
    • b) Provide structural support
    • c) Store energy
    • d) Capture sunlight
    • Answer: b) Provide structural support
34. What is the structure of a nucleotide?
    • a) Phosphate group, sugar, nitrogenous base
    • b) Amino group, sugar, nitrogenous base
    • c) Phosphate group, fatty acid, nitrogenous base
    • d) Carboxyl group, sugar, nitrogenous base
    • Answer: a) Phosphate group, sugar, nitrogenous base
35. Which of the following is a function of DNA polymerase?
    • a) Transcription of RNA
    • b) Translation of proteins
    • c) Replication of DNA
    • d) Synthesis of lipids
    • Answer: c) Replication of DNA
36. What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus in cells?
    • a) Synthesize proteins
    • b) Store genetic information
    • c) Modify and package proteins for secretion
    • d) Produce ATP
    • Answer: c) Modify and package proteins for secretion
37. Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
    • a) Enzymatic catalysis
    • b) Transport of molecules
    • c) Storage of genetic information
    • d) Structural support
    • Answer: c) Storage of genetic information
38. What is the role of DNA helicase in DNA replication?
    • a) Synthesize new DNA strands
    • b) Join Okazaki fragments
    • c) Unwind the DNA double helix
    • d) Proofread DNA for errors
    • Answer: c) Unwind the DNA double helix
39. Which of the following is an example of a pentose sugar?
    • a) Glucose
    • b) Ribose
    • c) Fructose
    • d) Galactose
    • Answer: b) Ribose
40. What is the primary function of RNA polymerase?
    • a) Synthesize new RNA strands
    • b) Repair damaged DNA
    • c) Synthesize new DNA strands
    • d) Join Okazaki fragments
    • Answer: a) Synthesize new RNA strands

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