1. What is a just-in-time (JIT) compiler?
A) A compiler that generates machine code ahead of time
B) A compiler that translates code as it is executed, improving runtime performance
C) A compiler that only compiles code at the start of a program
D) A compiler used only for embedded systems
Answer: B) A compiler that translates code as it is executed, improving runtime performance
2. Which of the following is a feature of global data flow analysis in optimization?
A) It computes which variables are live at each program point
B) It determines the sequence of instructions to minimize register usage
C) It helps identify redundant computations across function calls
D) It identifies which variables are never used and can be removed
Answer: A) It computes which variables are live at each program point
3. Which of the following is NOT a common optimization technique for high-level languages?
A) Loop unrolling
B) Constant propagation
C) Instruction scheduling
D) Register allocation
Answer: C) Instruction scheduling
4. Which of the following techniques is used for interprocedural optimization?
A) Inline expansion
B) Loop unrolling
C) Constant folding
D) Dead code elimination
Answer: A) Inline expansion
5. Which of the following is a hybrid approach in code generation?
A) Using both static and dynamic analysis to optimize code
B) Generating both machine code and intermediate code at the same time
C) Combining JIT and ahead-of-time compilation techniques
D) Mixing compiler and runtime optimizations
Answer: C) Combining JIT and ahead-of-time compilation techniques
6. What does tail call optimization do in a compiler?
A) Eliminates redundant loop iterations
B) Optimizes recursive function calls to reduce stack usage
C) Converts tail-recursive functions into iterative ones
D) Eliminates the need for function calls entirely
Answer: B) Optimizes recursive function calls to reduce stack usage
7. Which of the following describes type inference in the context of a compiler?
A) Automatically determining the type of variables during code execution
B) Automatically deducing the types of variables from their context in the program
C) Using static analysis to determine the type of every function call
D) Automatically fixing type mismatches in the source code
Answer: B) Automatically deducing the types of variables from their context in the program
8. Which type of analysis is performed to determine whether a program is memory safe?
A) Control flow analysis
B) Alias analysis
C) Data flow analysis
D) Dependence analysis
Answer: B) Alias analysis
9. In dynamic compilation, how is the program optimized?
A) The program is compiled at runtime, and optimizations are based on real-time performance data
B) The program is compiled ahead of time with all optimizations
C) The program is analyzed for optimization during the compilation phase only
D) The program is not optimized during compilation, only during execution
Answer: A) The program is compiled at runtime, and optimizations are based on real-time performance data
10. What is the primary advantage of using a meta-circular compiler?
A) It allows the program to execute faster
B) It can compile itself, facilitating bootstrapping
C) It reduces the complexity of the source code
D) It supports both compiled and interpreted languages
Answer: B) It can compile itself, facilitating bootstrapping
11. What is link-time optimization (LTO)?
A) Optimization performed during the linking phase to improve runtime performance
B) Optimization that only affects the final output of the program
C) A method for speeding up compilation by skipping redundant steps
D) Optimization that is applied to function calls during the pre-compilation phase
Answer: A) Optimization performed during the linking phase to improve runtime performance
12. What is abstract interpretation used for in a compiler?
A) To optimize memory allocation strategies
B) To simulate the execution of a program to detect errors and analyze behavior
C) To generate low-level code from high-level source code
D) To dynamically allocate resources during program execution
Answer: B) To simulate the execution of a program to detect errors and analyze behavior
13. Which of the following is NOT a part of control flow analysis?
A) Identifying loops and branches in a program
B) Mapping out the execution paths a program can take
C) Determining the order in which variables are assigned
D) Ensuring that all paths lead to a valid end state
Answer: C) Determining the order in which variables are assigned
14. What is symbolic execution used for in compiler analysis?
A) To optimize code by predicting its future performance
B) To evaluate the program using symbolic values instead of concrete ones
C) To translate high-level code into intermediate code
D) To test whether a program can handle different types of input
Answer: B) To evaluate the program using symbolic values instead of concrete ones
15. What does automatic parallelization do in a compiler?
A) It identifies parts of the code that can be executed concurrently
B) It generates machine code for multiple processors simultaneously
C) It removes redundant instructions for performance optimization
D) It divides a program into smaller sections to improve readability
Answer: A) It identifies parts of the code that can be executed concurrently
16. What is flow-sensitive analysis in the context of compiler optimization?
A) It analyzes the program’s control flow to ensure correctness
B) It analyzes how data flows across different program points, considering the context of the flow
C) It helps reduce the program’s memory usage
D) It detects dead code elimination opportunities
Answer: B) It analyzes how data flows across different program points, considering the context of the flow
17. Which of the following best describes register coalescing in a compiler?
A) Combining multiple variables into one register to optimize space
B) Assigning variables to registers based on their access frequency
C) Merging adjacent registers into a larger register for faster computation
D) Reusing registers between function calls to minimize memory overhead
Answer: A) Combining multiple variables into one register to optimize space
18. Which of the following is an example of value numbering optimization in a compiler?
A) Replacing expressions with their previously computed results
B) Removing unused variables from the code
C) Moving code to minimize the number of operations performed
D) Scheduling instructions to reduce pipeline stalls
Answer: A) Replacing expressions with their previously computed results
19. Which optimization technique aims to improve memory locality by reordering loop iterations?
A) Loop fusion
B) Loop unrolling
C) Loop blocking (Tiling)
D) Loop peeling
Answer: C) Loop blocking (Tiling)
20. Which type of analysis in a compiler is used to detect possible run-time errors such as null pointer dereferencing or division by zero?
A) Data flow analysis
B) Control flow analysis
C) Alias analysis
D) Static analysis
Answer: D) Static analysis